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Saul Tries to Kill David
19 And Saul spoke to Jonathan his son and to all his servants, that they should kill David. rBut Jonathan, Saul’s son, delighted much in David. 2 And Jonathan told David, “Saul my father seeks to kill you. Therefore be on your guard in the morning. Stay in a secret place and hide yourself. 3 And I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where you are, and I will speak to my father about you. And if I learn anything I will tell you.” 4 And Jonathan spoke well of David to Saul his father and said to him, “Let not the king ssin against his servant David, because he has not sinned against you, and because his deeds have brought good to you. 5 For the took his life in his hand uand he struck down the Philistine, vand the Lord worked a great salvation for all Israel. You saw it, and rejoiced. Why then will you sin against winnocent blood by killing David without cause?” 6 And Saul listened to the voice of Jonathan. Saul swore, x“As the Lord lives, he shall not be put to death.” 7 And Jonathan called David, and Jonathan reported to him all these things. And Jonathan brought David to Saul, and he was in his presence yas before.
8 And there was war again. And David went out and fought with the Philistines and struck them with a great blow, so that they fled before him. 9 zThen a harmful spirit from the Lord came upon Saul, as he sat in his house with his spear in his hand. aAnd David was playing the lyre. 10 bAnd Saul sought to pin David to the wall with the spear, but he eluded Saul, so that he struck the spear into the wall. And David fled and escaped that night.
11 cSaul sent messengers to David’s house to watch him, that he might kill him in the morning. But Michal, David’s wife, told him, “If you do not escape with your life tonight, tomorrow you will be killed.” 12 dSo Michal let David down through the window, and he fled away and escaped. 13 Michal took ean image1 and laid it on the bed and put a pillow of goats’ hair at its head and covered it with the clothes. 14 And when Saul sent messengers to take David, she said, “He is sick.” 15 Then Saul sent the messengers to see David, saying, “Bring him up to me in the bed, that I may kill him.” 16 And when the messengers came in, behold, ethe image was in the bed, with the pillow of goats’ hair at its head. 17 Saul said to Michal, “Why have you deceived me thus and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped?” And Michal answered Saul, “He said to me, ‘Let me go. fWhy should I kill you?’ ”
19 And Saul spoke to Jonathan his son and to all his servants, that they should kill David. rBut Jonathan, Saul’s son, delighted much in David. 2 And Jonathan told David, “Saul my father seeks to kill you. Therefore be on your guard in the morning. Stay in a secret place and hide yourself. 3 And I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where you are, and I will speak to my father about you. And if I learn anything I will tell you.” 4 And Jonathan spoke well of David to Saul his father and said to him, “Let not the king ssin against his servant David, because he has not sinned against you, and because his deeds have brought good to you. 5 For the took his life in his hand uand he struck down the Philistine, vand the Lord worked a great salvation for all Israel. You saw it, and rejoiced. Why then will you sin against winnocent blood by killing David without cause?” 6 And Saul listened to the voice of Jonathan. Saul swore, x“As the Lord lives, he shall not be put to death.” 7 And Jonathan called David, and Jonathan reported to him all these things. And Jonathan brought David to Saul, and he was in his presence yas before.
8 And there was war again. And David went out and fought with the Philistines and struck them with a great blow, so that they fled before him. 9 zThen a harmful spirit from the Lord came upon Saul, as he sat in his house with his spear in his hand. aAnd David was playing the lyre. 10 bAnd Saul sought to pin David to the wall with the spear, but he eluded Saul, so that he struck the spear into the wall. And David fled and escaped that night.
11 cSaul sent messengers to David’s house to watch him, that he might kill him in the morning. But Michal, David’s wife, told him, “If you do not escape with your life tonight, tomorrow you will be killed.” 12 dSo Michal let David down through the window, and he fled away and escaped. 13 Michal took ean image1 and laid it on the bed and put a pillow of goats’ hair at its head and covered it with the clothes. 14 And when Saul sent messengers to take David, she said, “He is sick.” 15 Then Saul sent the messengers to see David, saying, “Bring him up to me in the bed, that I may kill him.” 16 And when the messengers came in, behold, ethe image was in the bed, with the pillow of goats’ hair at its head. 17 Saul said to Michal, “Why have you deceived me thus and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped?” And Michal answered Saul, “He said to me, ‘Let me go. fWhy should I kill you?’ ”
1-5절)점점 더 적극적으로 다윗을 죽이려는 사울, 이에 반해 이런 위협속에서 다윗을 보호하기 위해서 노력하는 요나단
먼저 아버지 사울의 죽이려는 시도에 대해서 경고하고, 다윗이 도망갈 수 있도록 방안을 찾는다. 그리고 이후에 정보를 알게 되면 이를 알려주겠다고 약속했으며 나아가서 아버지에게 다윗을 칭찬하여 그를 보호하려고 노력한다.
4-5절) 요나단이 다윗을 죽여서는 안되는 여러가지 이유를 사울에게 이야기함
첫번째로 다윗이 왕권을 차지하기 위해서 지은 죄가 없기에, 결백하기에 / 두번째로 블레셋의 대적을 무찌른 공 때문에 / 세번째로 무고한 피를 흘리는 것은 심각한 죄가 되기때문에 / (네번째로 하나님이 함께 하시는 사람을 죽이는 것은 하나님에 대한 대적이 되기 때문에)
- 다윗을 위한 요나단의 사랑, 자신에게 여러가지 위협과 어려움이 있겠지만 이를 감수하고 적극적으로 돕고 있는 모습.
6-7절) 사울이 요나단의 말을 듣고 다윗을 죽이지 않기로 맹세한다. 이에 이를 다윗에게 알리고 다윗이 이전과 같이 사울 앞에 나아와서 함께 한다. 이것이 궁극적인 해결이 되지는 않았지만 화해를 위한 노력이 잠시나마 이루어지는 것을 보게 된다.
8절) 블레셋과의 계속되는 전투속에서 큰 승리를 거두는 다윗
9-10절) 악령이 사울에게 임함으로 다윗이 수금을 탄때에 사울이 창으로 다윗을 죽이려 했고 다윗은 도망하게 된다.
- 사울이 겪고 있는 질병을 어떻게 해석할 수 있는가? 이것을 단지 악령의 영향으로 볼 것인가 아니면 정신적인 문제로 볼 것인가? 만약 오늘날 이러한 상황이 벌어질 경우 우리는 어떻게 대처할 것인가? 영적 전투의 세계에서 힘을 다해 기도하면서 동시에 현대 의학의 도움을 받는 것을 어느 선까지로 할 것인가?
- 여호와께서 부리시는 악령(a harmful spirit from the Lord)
While the expression an evil spirit from the Lord may present serious theological difficulties for translators and readers, it is easily translated and should not be softened in any way simply to avoid the problem. The same basic expression is used six times in 1 Samuel. However, the words Lord (here and in 19:9) and God (verses 15, 16, 23 and 18:10) are used interchangeably. From the Lord clearly means sent by the Lord.
Tormented him. see also verse 15. The Hebrew verb means “to startle [someone]” or “to terrify.” Many versions render this verb tormented, but compare reb, which says “would seize him suddenly.” See also njps (“an evil spirit from the Lord began to terrify him”) and mft (“scared him”). For some translators the most important question about this verb will be whether it depicts a one-time action, or something that was continuous or often repeated. The context seems to show that this was not a single incident but an ongoing problem.
Roger L. Omanson and John Ellington, A Handbook on the First Book of Samuel, UBS Handbook Series (New York: United Bible Societies, 2001), 343.
11-13절) 미갈은 다윗의 생명을 구하기 위해서 여러가지 노력을 한다. 감시하는 사람이 없는 창을 통해 도망가게 했고 우상을 가져다가 다윗으로 위장하여 시간을 벌어주기도 했다. 그럼에도 불구하고 우상을 따르는 모습으로 인해서 미갈의 최후는 불행하다. 미갈의 아비 사울이 왕권을 잃은 것처럼 미갈도 다윗의 계보를 잇는 것에 실패한다. 미갈은 다윗을 구하기 위해서 우상을 신뢰했지만 다윗은 주님을 신뢰했다. 우리가 주님을 믿는다고 하지만 여전히 신뢰하고 있는 우상은 무엇인가?
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In spite of the negative implications of the teraphim, the sequence of actions performed by Michal creates links between her and those of previous biblical heroines. In each case these allusions identify David in particularly favorable comparisons. Jacob too was saved by a woman who had possession of teraphim and deceived her father during a desperate search (cf. Gen 31:19–35). Moses also was saved through the efforts of the daughter of a wicked ruler (cf. Exod 2:6–10). Furthermore, David’s escape echoed that of the spies saved by Rahab, who were let down through a window at night by a woman who lied to a king (Josh 2:2–15).
Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 208.
이처럼 부정적인 함의에도 불구하고 성경안에 여러가지 이와 유사한 사건이 등장하는 것은 사실이다. 야곱이 장인을 피해서 도망할때, 모세의 생명을 구해주는 바로의 딸, 여리고성에서 정탐군을 구해주는 라합의 이야기...
14-17절) 사울은 부하들을 보내서 다윗을 잡으려 했다. 하지만 미갈이 거짓말로 다윗이 아파서 누워있다고 돌려보내자 사울이 이를 듣고 분노하여 그가 아파서 못온다면 침대째로 자신에게 들고 올 것을 명한다. 그리고 침상에 다윗은 없고 염소털로 싸인 우상만이 있는 것을 보고 이를 미갈에게 추궁하자 다윗이 위협하여 어쩔수 없었다고 거짓말을 한다.
미갈과 요나단, 모두 사울의 자녀들이 사울을 대적하여 그의 탈출을 돕고 있다.
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