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Saul’s Rash Vow
24 And the men of Israel had been hard pressed that day, bso Saul had laid an oath on the people, saying, “Cursed be the man who eats food until it is evening and I am avenged on my enemies.” So none of the people had tasted food. 25 Now when all the people7 came to the forest, behold, there was honey on the ground. 26 And when the people entered the forest, behold, the honey was dropping, but no one put his hand to his mouth, for the people feared the oath. 27 But Jonathan had not heard his father charge the people with the oath, cso he put out the tip of the staff that was in his hand and dipped it in the honeycomb and put his hand to his mouth, and his eyes became bright. 28 Then one of the people said, “Your father strictly charged the people with an oath, saying, ‘Cursed be the man who eats food this day.’ ” And the people were dfaint. 29 Then Jonathan said, “My father has troubled the land. See how my eyes have become bright because I tasted a little of this honey. 30 How much better if the people had eaten freely today of the spoil of their enemies that they found. For now the defeat among the Philistines has not been great.”
31 They struck down the Philistines that day from eMichmash to fAijalon. And the people were very dfaint. 32 The people gpounced on the spoil and took sheep and oxen and calves and slaughtered them on the ground. And the people ate them hwith the blood. 33 Then they told Saul, “Behold, the people are sinning against the Lord by eating hwith the blood.” And he said, “You have dealt treacherously; roll a great stone to me here.”8 34 And Saul said, “Disperse yourselves among the people and say to them, ‘Let every man bring his ox or his sheep and slaughter them here and eat, and do not sin against the Lord by eating with the blood.’ ” So every one of the people brought his ox with him that night and they slaughtered them there. 35 And Saul ibuilt an altar to the Lord; it was the first altar that he built to the Lord.
36 Then Saul said, “Let us go down after the Philistines by night and plunder them until the morning light; let us not leave a man of them.” And they said, “Do whatever seems good to you.” But jthe priest said, “Let us draw near to God here.” 37 And Saul inquired of God, “Shall I go down after the Philistines? Will you give them into the hand of Israel?” kBut he did not answer him that day. 38 And Saul said, “Come here, all you leaders of the people, and know and see how this sin has arisen today. 39 For las the Lord lives who saves Israel, mthough it be in Jonathan my son, he shall surely die.” But there was not a man among all the people who answered him. 40 Then he said to all Israel, “You shall be on one side, and I and Jonathan my son will be on the other side.” And the people said to Saul, “Do what seems good to you.” 41 Therefore Saul said, “O Lord God of Israel, why have you not answered your servant this day? If this guilt is in me or in Jonathan my son, O Lord, God of Israel, give Urim. But if this guilt is in your people Israel, give Thummim.”9 nAnd Jonathan and Saul were taken, but the people escaped. 42 Then Saul said, n“Cast the lot between me and my son Jonathan.” And Jonathan was taken.
43 Then Saul said to Jonathan, o“Tell me what you have done.” And Jonathan told him, p“I tasted a little honey with the tip of the staff that was in my hand. Here I am; I will die.” 44 And Saul said, q“God do so to me and more also; ryou shall surely die, Jonathan.” 45 Then the people said to Saul, “Shall Jonathan die, who has worked this great salvation in Israel? Far from it! lAs the Lord lives, sthere shall not one hair of his head fall to the ground, for he has worked with God this day.” So the people ransomed Jonathan, so that he did not die. 46 Then Saul went up from pursuing the Philistines, and the Philistines went to their own place.
b [Josh. 6:26]
7 Hebrew land
c ver. 43
d Judg. 8:4, 5
e ch. 13:2
f Josh. 10:12
d [See ver. 28 above]
g ch. 15:19
h [Lev. 3:17]
h [See ver. 32 above]
8 Septuagint; Hebrew this day
i [ch. 7:12, 17]
j ver. 3, 18, 19
k ch. 28:6
l See Ruth 3:13
m ver. 44
9 Vulgate and Septuagint; Hebrew Therefore Saul said to the Lord, the God of Israel, “Give Thummim.”
n [ch. 10:20, 21; Josh. 7:16–18; Acts 1:24–26]
n [See ver. 41 above]
o [Josh. 7:19]
p ver. 27
q See Ruth 1:17
r ver. 39
l [See ver. 39 above]
s 2 Sam. 14:11; 1 Kgs. 1:52; Luke 21:18; Acts 27:34; [Matt. 10:30; Luke 12:7]
24 And the men of Israel had been hard pressed that day, bso Saul had laid an oath on the people, saying, “Cursed be the man who eats food until it is evening and I am avenged on my enemies.” So none of the people had tasted food. 25 Now when all the people7 came to the forest, behold, there was honey on the ground. 26 And when the people entered the forest, behold, the honey was dropping, but no one put his hand to his mouth, for the people feared the oath. 27 But Jonathan had not heard his father charge the people with the oath, cso he put out the tip of the staff that was in his hand and dipped it in the honeycomb and put his hand to his mouth, and his eyes became bright. 28 Then one of the people said, “Your father strictly charged the people with an oath, saying, ‘Cursed be the man who eats food this day.’ ” And the people were dfaint. 29 Then Jonathan said, “My father has troubled the land. See how my eyes have become bright because I tasted a little of this honey. 30 How much better if the people had eaten freely today of the spoil of their enemies that they found. For now the defeat among the Philistines has not been great.”
31 They struck down the Philistines that day from eMichmash to fAijalon. And the people were very dfaint. 32 The people gpounced on the spoil and took sheep and oxen and calves and slaughtered them on the ground. And the people ate them hwith the blood. 33 Then they told Saul, “Behold, the people are sinning against the Lord by eating hwith the blood.” And he said, “You have dealt treacherously; roll a great stone to me here.”8 34 And Saul said, “Disperse yourselves among the people and say to them, ‘Let every man bring his ox or his sheep and slaughter them here and eat, and do not sin against the Lord by eating with the blood.’ ” So every one of the people brought his ox with him that night and they slaughtered them there. 35 And Saul ibuilt an altar to the Lord; it was the first altar that he built to the Lord.
36 Then Saul said, “Let us go down after the Philistines by night and plunder them until the morning light; let us not leave a man of them.” And they said, “Do whatever seems good to you.” But jthe priest said, “Let us draw near to God here.” 37 And Saul inquired of God, “Shall I go down after the Philistines? Will you give them into the hand of Israel?” kBut he did not answer him that day. 38 And Saul said, “Come here, all you leaders of the people, and know and see how this sin has arisen today. 39 For las the Lord lives who saves Israel, mthough it be in Jonathan my son, he shall surely die.” But there was not a man among all the people who answered him. 40 Then he said to all Israel, “You shall be on one side, and I and Jonathan my son will be on the other side.” And the people said to Saul, “Do what seems good to you.” 41 Therefore Saul said, “O Lord God of Israel, why have you not answered your servant this day? If this guilt is in me or in Jonathan my son, O Lord, God of Israel, give Urim. But if this guilt is in your people Israel, give Thummim.”9 nAnd Jonathan and Saul were taken, but the people escaped. 42 Then Saul said, n“Cast the lot between me and my son Jonathan.” And Jonathan was taken.
43 Then Saul said to Jonathan, o“Tell me what you have done.” And Jonathan told him, p“I tasted a little honey with the tip of the staff that was in my hand. Here I am; I will die.” 44 And Saul said, q“God do so to me and more also; ryou shall surely die, Jonathan.” 45 Then the people said to Saul, “Shall Jonathan die, who has worked this great salvation in Israel? Far from it! lAs the Lord lives, sthere shall not one hair of his head fall to the ground, for he has worked with God this day.” So the people ransomed Jonathan, so that he did not die. 46 Then Saul went up from pursuing the Philistines, and the Philistines went to their own place.
b [Josh. 6:26]
7 Hebrew land
c ver. 43
d Judg. 8:4, 5
e ch. 13:2
f Josh. 10:12
d [See ver. 28 above]
g ch. 15:19
h [Lev. 3:17]
h [See ver. 32 above]
8 Septuagint; Hebrew this day
i [ch. 7:12, 17]
j ver. 3, 18, 19
k ch. 28:6
l See Ruth 3:13
m ver. 44
9 Vulgate and Septuagint; Hebrew Therefore Saul said to the Lord, the God of Israel, “Give Thummim.”
n [ch. 10:20, 21; Josh. 7:16–18; Acts 1:24–26]
n [See ver. 41 above]
o [Josh. 7:19]
p ver. 27
q See Ruth 1:17
r ver. 39
l [See ver. 39 above]
s 2 Sam. 14:11; 1 Kgs. 1:52; Luke 21:18; Acts 27:34; [Matt. 10:30; Luke 12:7]
The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 삼상 14:24–46.
24절) 이 블레셋과의 싸움이 인간의 힘으로는 불가능하기에 하나님께 열심을 표현하기 위해서 군사들에게 음식을 먹지 말도록 한 것은 일견 이해가능하지만 이 싸움이 하나님의 싸움이라고 믿었다면 사울은 내 원수라고 표현해서는 안된다. 결국 이것은 그의 동기가 하나님에 대한 열심, 믿음이라기 보다는 개인적인, 인간적인 복수라는 것을 보여준다.
당시 군인들에게 전투중에 요구되어지는 율법의 요구는 음식을 먹지 않는 것이 아니라 성적인 것이었다.
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Torah holiness regulations while on task (cf. 21:5), particularly those regarding sexual abstinence (cf. Exod 19:15).
Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 158.
결국 사울의 잘못된 판단으로 백성은 모두 전투중에 피곤하게 되었다.
27절) 꿀을 찍어 먹고 눈이 밝아진 요나단, 창 3:5절에서 선악과를 먹고 눈이 밝아지는 것과의 비교
29절) 사울이 이땅을 곤란하게 함, 여기서 땅은 אֶרֶץ erets (75d); a prim. root; earth, land인데 사람들로도 번역된다. 피곤한 병사들이 음식을 먹지 못함으로 곤란하게 되어짐을 이야기한다.
요나단은 “내 아버지께서 이 땅을 곤란하게 하셨다”라는 표현을 사용하는데 이것은 과거 아간의 범죄에 사용되었던 표현이다.
Using theologically significant vocabulary, Jonathan responded that his “father has made trouble for the country” (v. 29). The Hebrew word translated “made trouble” (Hb. ʿākar) was used to describe actions by Achan, an individual who had impaired a previous Israelite army’s military campaign (Josh 7:25). Achan died under God’s judgment for “troubling” (ʿākar) Israel (Josh 7:26); Jonathan’s reuse of this term here casts an ominous shadow on Saul’s destiny.
Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 159.
수 7:25 여호수아가 이르되 네가 어찌하여 우리를 괴롭게 하였느냐 여호와께서 오늘 너를 괴롭게 하시리라 하니 온 이스라엘이 그를 돌로 치고 물건들도 돌로 치고 불사르고
박기모, 개역개정, n.d., 수 7:25.
14:29 요나단이 이르되 내 아버지께서 이 땅을 곤란하게 하셨도다 보라 내가 이 꿀 조금을 맛보고도 내 눈이 이렇게 밝아졌거든
박기모, 개역개정, n.d., 삼상 14:29.
33-34절) 백성들이 탈취물을 잡아 피째 먹는 것을 보고 큰돌을 준비해서 백성들로 하여금 여기서 잡아 피째로 먹음으로 여호와께 범죄하지 않도록 했다.
35절) 사울이 여호와께 제단을 쌓음, 성경은 이 제단이 사울이 여호와를 위하여 쌓은 첫번째 제단이라고 말한다. ?? 지금 이곳에서 제단을 쌓은 사울의 행동은 어떤 평가를 받을 것인가? 칭찬반을 만한 것인가 아니면 비난 받을 만한 것인가?
신 12:13 너는 삼가서 네게 보이는 아무 곳에서나 번제를 드리지 말고
12:14 오직 너희의 한 지파 중에 여호와께서 택하실 그 곳에서 번제를 드리고 또 내가 네게 명령하는 모든 것을 거기서 행할지니라
박기모, 개역개정, n.d., 신 12:13–14.
신명기의 말씀에 따르면 아무곳에서나 번제 드리지 말라고 말씀하셨고 본문은 책망하는 투로 말씀하시고 있다.
36-39절) 제단을 쌓은후에 여세를 몰아서 블레셋을 추격하려고 했는데 블레셋을 추격하는 것에 대해서 하나님께 묻자고 제사장 아비야가 제안한다. 그래서 이를 하나님께 묻지만 대답이 없자 누구에게 문제가 있는지 찾으려했고 아들 요나단이라도 용서하지 않겠다고 맹세하는 사울.
41-42절) 우림과 둠림을 이용해서 누가 죄를 지었는지를 판결하는 사울
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14:41–42 give Urim.… give Thummim.… Cast the lot. The Urim and Thummim (or just Urim) are mentioned also in Ex. 28:30; Num. 27:21; Deut. 33:8; 1 Sam. 28:6; and Ezra 2:63. They may have been two stones of two different colors—a bright color and a dark color, perhaps—one representing a positive and the other a negative answer, that were kept in the “breastpiece of judgment” of the priest’s ephod (see Ex. 28:30; Lev. 8:8). They were the only legitimate means of directly seeking a “yes” or “no” answer from the Lord, apart from God’s speaking directly to people.
Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 514.
결국 요나단이 뽑히게 된다. 사울의 맹세대로 죽이려고 하자 백성들이 요나단을 구원하여 죽지 않게 한다. 결국 이 사울의 잘못된 맹세는 인간 왕이 얼마나 한계가 있는지를 보여준다. 왕이 적군으로부터 백성을 지키고 보호할 수도 있지만 잘못된 맹세로 그들을 곤란에 빠뜨릴 수도 있음을, 제단을 쌓아 희생제물을 드릴 수 있지만 이것이 항상 하나님의 임재를 보장해주는 것도 아니며, 자신의 권한을 동원해서 명령을 내리고 맹세를 할 수 있지만 이것이 실패로 돌아갈 수도 있는 것이다. 결국 백성들이 요나단을 구원한다.(ransom)
요나단의 행동은 결국 외부적으로는 블레셋을, 내부적으로는 이스라엘의 초대왕 사울을 물리치는 결과를 불러왔다.
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