삼상 15:1-23 하나님의 명령을 거역하는 사울

The Lord Rejects Saul
15 And Samuel said to Saul, ^c“The Lord sent me to anoint you king over his people Israel; now therefore listen to the words of the Lord. ² Thus says the Lord of hosts, ‘I have noted what Amalek did to Israel ^din opposing them on the way when they came up out of Egypt. 3 Now go and strike Amalek and ^edevote to destruction¹ all that they have. Do not spare them, ^fbut kill both man and woman, child and infant, ox and sheep, camel and donkey.’ ”
4 So Saul summoned the people and numbered them in Telaim, two hundred thousand men on foot, and ten thousand men of Judah. 5 And Saul came to the city of Amalek and lay in wait in the valley. 6 Then Saul said to ^gthe Kenites, “Go, depart; go down from among the Amalekites, lest I destroy you with them. ^hFor you showed kindness to all the people of Israel when they came up out of Egypt.” So the Kenites departed from among the Amalekites. 7 ⁱAnd Saul defeated the Amalekites from ^jHavilah as far as ^kShur, which is east of Egypt. 8 And he took Agag the king of the Amalekites alive ^land devoted to destruction all the people with the edge of the sword. 9 ^mBut Saul and the people spared Agag and the best of the sheep and of the oxen and of the fattened calves² and the lambs, and all that was good, and would not utterly destroy them. All that was despised and worthless they devoted to destruction.
10 The word of the Lord came to Samuel: 11 ⁿ“I regret³ that I have made Saul king, for he has turned back from following me and ^ohas not performed my commandments.” And Samuel was angry, and he cried to the Lord all night. 12 And Samuel rose early to meet Saul in the morning. And it was told Samuel, “Saul came to ^pCarmel, and behold, he set up a monument for himself and turned and passed on and went down to Gilgal.” 13 And Samuel came to Saul, and Saul said to him, ^q“Blessed be you to the Lord. I have performed the commandment of the Lord.” 14 And Samuel said, “What then is this bleating of the sheep in my ears and the lowing of the oxen that I hear?” 15 Saul said, “They have brought them from the Amalekites, ^rfor the people spared the best of the sheep and of the oxen to sacrifice to the Lord your God, and the rest we have devoted to destruction.” 16 Then Samuel said to Saul, “Stop! I will tell you what the Lord said to me this night.” And he said to him, “Speak.”
17 And Samuel said, ^s“Though you are little in your own eyes, are you not the head of the tribes of Israel? The Lord anointed you king over Israel. 18 And the Lord sent you on a mission and said, ‘Go, devote to destruction the sinners, the Amalekites, and fight against them until they are consumed.’ 19 Why then did you not obey the voice of the Lord? ^tWhy did you pounce on the spoil and do what was evil in the sight of the Lord?” 20 And Saul said to Samuel, ^u“I have obeyed the voice of the Lord. I have gone on the mission on which the Lord sent me. I have brought Agag the king of Amalek, and I have devoted the Amalekites to destruction. 21 ^vBut the people took of the spoil, sheep and oxen, the best of the things devoted to destruction, to sacrifice to the Lord your God in Gilgal.” 22 And Samuel said,
^w“Has the Lord as great delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices,
as in obeying the voice of the Lord?
Behold, ^xto obey is better than sacrifice,
and to listen than the fat of rams.
23  For rebellion is as the sin of divination,
and presumption is as iniquity and ^yidolatry.
Because ^zyou have rejected the word of the Lord,
^ahe has also rejected you from being king.”

^c ch. 9:16
^d See Ex. 17:8–16; Deut. 25:17–19
^e Lev. 27:28, 29; Josh. 6:17, 21
¹ That is, set apart (devote) as an offering to the Lord (for destruction); also verses 8, 9, 15, 18, 20, 21
^f [ch. 22:19]
^g ch. 27:10; Judg. 1:16
^h [Ex. 18:10, 19; Num. 10:29, 32]
ⁱ ch. 14:48
^j Gen. 2:11; 25:18
^k ch. 27:8; [Gen. 16:7; Ex. 15:22]
^l [ch. 27:8, 9; 30:1]
^m ver. 15, 21; [ch. 28:18]
² The meaning of the Hebrew term is uncertain
ⁿ See Gen. 6:6
³ See also verses 29, 35
^o ver. 3, 9; [ch. 13:13]
^p Josh. 15:55
^q See Ruth 2:20
^r ver. 9, 21
^s [ch. 9:21]
^t ch. 14:32
^u ver. 13
^v ver. 15
^w Ps. 40:6–8; 50:8, 9; Prov. 21:3; Isa. 1:11–13, 16, 17; Jer. 7:22, 23; Mic. 6:6–8; Heb. 10:6–9
^x Eccles. 5:1; Hos. 6:6; Matt. 9:13; 12:7; Mark 12:33
^y See Gen. 31:19, 34
^z ver. 26
^a ch. 13:14

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 삼상 15:1–23.

2-3절) 하나님께서 사울에게 이전에 모세가 백성을 이끌고 애굽을 나올때에 그들을 대적했던 아말렉을 진멸할 것을 명하심(모든 소유 : 남녀, 소아와 젖먹는 아이, 우양과 낙타와 나귀), 이는 여호와앞에 가증한 일을 행한 이들의 죄악이 퍼지지 않도록 하기 위한 것이었다. 

“completely blot out the memory of Amalek from under heaven” (Exod 17:15) 14절로 수정

 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 168.

-  The destruction was to include “men and women, children and infants, cattle and sheep, camels and donkeys.” This kind of warfare, called ḥerem, was practiced only against peoples who had come under the Lord’s severest judgment (e.g., Jericho).⁴ It required the destruction of all people and possessions captured in battle. The task was a solemn and holy one since those Israelites who carried it out functioned as the Lord’s agents of judgment.
⁴ For further information regarding ḥerem cf. D. Kidner, “Old Testament Perspectives on War,” EvQ 57 (1985): 99–113, and R. Gordon’s treatment in his commentary (I and II Samuel [Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1986], 147–48). Gordon suggests that this concept is applicable for Christians only in a spiritualized sense, in doing battle with nonphysical “principalities” and “powers” (cf. Eph 6:12). Also see L. Lohfink, “חָרַם ḥāram; חֵרֶם ḥērem,” TDOT 5:180–99.

 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7,The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 168.

6절) 겐사람을 살리는 사울, 겐 사람은 모세의 장인 이드로의 지파고 아말렉과 함께 살고 있었다. 

-  Moses’ father-in-law Jethro was a Kenite (Judg. 1:16), and he and his son had been helpful to the Israelites (Exodus 18; Num. 10:29–32).

 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 515.

11절) 사울을 왕으로 세운 것을 후회하시는 하나님(참조 창 6:6)

12절) 아말렉과의 전쟁후에 갈멜로 가서 자기를 위하여 기념비를 세운 사울, 이 기념비가 의미하는 것은 결국 전쟁의 승리에 대한 공을 자신에게 돌리는 사울의 모습이다. 이런 믿음없음이 결정적으로 하나님께 버림받음으로 나타난 것이다. 

15절) 모든 소유를 진멸할 것을 명령했음에도 불구하고 백성이 하나님께 제사하기 위해서 좋은 소와 양을 남겼다라고 말하는 사울, 이 과정에서 책임을 백성들에게 돌리고 있는 모습도 엿보인다. 

17절) 이스라엘 백성이 왕을 원함으로 사울이 왕이 되었지만 중요한 것은 이스라엘의 왕으로 그는 하나님의 말씀에 순종해야만 했다. 그러나 하나님의 음성보다 사람들의 음성을 더욱 의식하고 듣게 될때 문제가 생긴 것이다 

22-23절) 순종이 제사보다 낫다.( Eccles. 5:1; Hos. 6:6; Matt. 9:13; 12:7; Mark 12:33)

사울이 여호와 하나님의 말씀을 버렸으므로 하나님께서도 사울을 버려 왕이 되지 못하게 하셨다. 

God’s rejection of Saul’s position of authority was caused by Saul’s rejection of God’s authoritative Word

 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 173.

하나님의 말씀에 순종한다는 것, 말씀이 우리의 삶을 주장하게 하는 것. 하지만 실제로 많은 부분 하나님의 말씀을 말씀으로 인정하지 못하는 것이 우리의 모습이다. 수양의 기름이란 순종의 행위를 우리의 일상의 영역으로 눈에 보이는 것으로 가져온 것이다. 우리는 보이지 않는 하나님께는 서원하고 순종한다고 하지만 실제로 내 눈에 보이는 일상의 영역을 그분께 맡겨 드리는데 있어서는 느리고 부족한 것이 사실이다. 

온전히 하나님만을 두려워하는 삶을 살게 하소서.