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David and Goliath
17 Now the Philistines vgathered their armies for battle. And they were gathered at wSocoh, which belongs to Judah, and encamped between Socoh and xAzekah, in yEphes-dammim. 2 And Saul and the men of Israel were gathered, and encamped in zthe Valley of Elah, and drew up in line of battle against the Philistines. 3 And the Philistines stood on the mountain on the one side, and Israel stood on the mountain on the other side, with a valley between them. 4 And there came out from the camp of the Philistines a champion named aGoliath of bGath, whose height was six1 cubits2 and a span. 5 He had a helmet of bronze on his head, and he was armed with a coat of mail, and the weight of the coat was five thousand shekels3 of bronze. 6 And he had bronze armor on his legs, and a cjavelin of bronze slung between his shoulders. 7 The shaft of his spear was like a weaver’s beam, and his spear’s head weighed six hundred shekels of iron. dAnd his shield-bearer went before him. 8 He stood and shouted to the ranks of Israel, “Why have you come out to draw up for battle? Am I not a Philistine, and eare you not servants of Saul? Choose a man for yourselves, and let him come down to me. 9 If he is able to fight with me and kill me, then we will be your servants. But if I prevail against him and kill him, then you shall be our servants fand serve us.” 10 And the Philistine said, g“I defy the ranks of Israel this day. Give me a man, that we may fight together.” 11 When Saul and all Israel heard these words of the Philistine, they were dismayed and greatly afraid.
12 Now David was hthe son of an iEphrathite of Bethlehem in Judah, jnamed Jesse, kwho had eight sons. In the days of Saul the man was already old and advanced in years.4 13 The three oldest sons of Jesse had followed Saul to the battle. And lthe names of his three sons who went to the battle were Eliab the firstborn, and next to him Abinadab, and the third Shammah. 14 mDavid was the youngest. The three eldest followed Saul, 15 but David went back and forth from Saul nto feed his father’s sheep at Bethlehem. 16 For forty days the Philistine came forward and took his stand, morning and evening.
v ch. 13:5
w Josh. 15:35
x Josh. 10:10; Neh. 11:30
y [1 Chr. 11:13]
z ver. 19; ch. 21:9
a [2 Sam. 21:19; 1 Chr. 20:4]
b ch. 21:10; Josh. 11:22; 13:3
1 Hebrew; Septuagint, Dead Sea Scroll and Josephus four
2 A cubit was about 18 inches or 45 centimeters
3 A shekel was about 2/5 ounce or 11 grams
c ver. 45
d ver. 41
e ch. 8:17
f [ch. 11:1]
g ver. 25, 26, 36, 45; [2 Sam. 21:21]
h ver. 58; ch. 16:1, 18; Ruth 4:22
i Gen. 35:19
j ver. 58; ch. 16:1, 18
k ch. 16:10, 11; [1 Chr. 2:13–15]
4 Septuagint, Syriac; Hebrew advanced among men
l ch. 16:6, 8, 9; [1 Chr. 2:13]
m ch. 16:11
n ch. 16:19
17 Now the Philistines vgathered their armies for battle. And they were gathered at wSocoh, which belongs to Judah, and encamped between Socoh and xAzekah, in yEphes-dammim. 2 And Saul and the men of Israel were gathered, and encamped in zthe Valley of Elah, and drew up in line of battle against the Philistines. 3 And the Philistines stood on the mountain on the one side, and Israel stood on the mountain on the other side, with a valley between them. 4 And there came out from the camp of the Philistines a champion named aGoliath of bGath, whose height was six1 cubits2 and a span. 5 He had a helmet of bronze on his head, and he was armed with a coat of mail, and the weight of the coat was five thousand shekels3 of bronze. 6 And he had bronze armor on his legs, and a cjavelin of bronze slung between his shoulders. 7 The shaft of his spear was like a weaver’s beam, and his spear’s head weighed six hundred shekels of iron. dAnd his shield-bearer went before him. 8 He stood and shouted to the ranks of Israel, “Why have you come out to draw up for battle? Am I not a Philistine, and eare you not servants of Saul? Choose a man for yourselves, and let him come down to me. 9 If he is able to fight with me and kill me, then we will be your servants. But if I prevail against him and kill him, then you shall be our servants fand serve us.” 10 And the Philistine said, g“I defy the ranks of Israel this day. Give me a man, that we may fight together.” 11 When Saul and all Israel heard these words of the Philistine, they were dismayed and greatly afraid.
12 Now David was hthe son of an iEphrathite of Bethlehem in Judah, jnamed Jesse, kwho had eight sons. In the days of Saul the man was already old and advanced in years.4 13 The three oldest sons of Jesse had followed Saul to the battle. And lthe names of his three sons who went to the battle were Eliab the firstborn, and next to him Abinadab, and the third Shammah. 14 mDavid was the youngest. The three eldest followed Saul, 15 but David went back and forth from Saul nto feed his father’s sheep at Bethlehem. 16 For forty days the Philistine came forward and took his stand, morning and evening.
v ch. 13:5
w Josh. 15:35
x Josh. 10:10; Neh. 11:30
y [1 Chr. 11:13]
z ver. 19; ch. 21:9
a [2 Sam. 21:19; 1 Chr. 20:4]
b ch. 21:10; Josh. 11:22; 13:3
1 Hebrew; Septuagint, Dead Sea Scroll and Josephus four
2 A cubit was about 18 inches or 45 centimeters
3 A shekel was about 2/5 ounce or 11 grams
c ver. 45
d ver. 41
e ch. 8:17
f [ch. 11:1]
g ver. 25, 26, 36, 45; [2 Sam. 21:21]
h ver. 58; ch. 16:1, 18; Ruth 4:22
i Gen. 35:19
j ver. 58; ch. 16:1, 18
k ch. 16:10, 11; [1 Chr. 2:13–15]
4 Septuagint, Syriac; Hebrew advanced among men
l ch. 16:6, 8, 9; [1 Chr. 2:13]
m ch. 16:11
n ch. 16:19
The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 삼상 17:1–16.
골리앗의 출현과 그 싸움의 승리로 다윗이 대중앞에 나서게 된다. 결국 군중들의 관심과 선망으로 사울의 질투를 받게 되고, 하나님의 선택받은 왕으로서, 전투와 믿음의 삶에서 진정한 챔피언이 누구인가를 보여주는 중요한 사건이 된다.
이 싸움은 다윗의 생에 가장 중요한 사건중의 하나이다. 적군과 싸우는 내용을 가장 길고 자세하게 기록하고 있다.(골리앗의 외모, 그의 싸움을 돋우는 발언, 다윗이 가져간 치즈, 빵의 숫자, 돌맹이 숫자…) 하지만 이 이야기는 앞의 내용들과 불일치를 포함하고 있다. 앞서 16장에서 사울을 모시기로 했는데 진을 빠져 나온것이나(16:22) 사울이 그를 알아보지 못하는 것(55; 16:21)이 그것이다.
1-3절) 앞의 16장과 17장 사이에 얼마나 공백이 있는지는 알지 못하지만 소년 다윗이 장성한 것은 틀림없다. 하지만 아직 군대에 차출될만한 나이는 되지 않은 것으로 보인다.
엘라 골짜기(나무의 골짜기)
블레셋은 소고와 아세가 사이의 에베스담밈에 진쳤고, 이스라엘은 엘라 골짜기에 진을 쳤다.
4-7절) 골리앗(둘 사이의 사람, man between the two)의 외모
가드사람으로 키가 6규빗 한뼘(약 3미터), 놋투구를 썼고 몸에는 구리로 만든 오천 세겔(55kg)의 갑옷을 입었다.
다리에는 놋 각반, 어깨에는 놋 단창
창자루를 베틀 채 같아서 창날은 육백 세겔(6.6kg)로 철로 만들었고, 방패든 자가 앞섰다.
- 골리앗의 압도적인 외모는 도리어 16:7을 상기시키게 만든다. 사람은 외모를 보지만 여호와께서는 중심을 보신다. 결국 이스라엘은 골리앗의 외모에 압도되어 두려워했지만, 하나님의 사람 다윗은 하나님에 대한 열심과 의로운 분노를 보임으로 하나님께서 사용하신다.
8-11절) 골리앗의 발언
대표자 전투에 대해서 설명함, 블레셋과 사울의 군대가 각각 한사람씩을 선출하여 대표로 싸워서 지는쪽이 이기는 쪽의 종이 될 것이다. 또한 상대방을 도발하는 발언또한 서슴지 않음, 골리앗이 이스라엘의 군대를 모독하고 있고 이러니 너희는 나와 싸우자라고 말하는 것이다.
12-16절) 다윗의 족보에 대해서 설명
유다 베들레헴 에브랏 사람 이새의 아들 다윗
-
Ephrathah, an important matriarch in the Judahite clan (cf. 1 Chr 2:19; 4:4), was the mother of Hur, who was an influential figure in the history of Bethlehem, and a relative of Jesse.
Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 190.
이새는 나이가 많이 군대에 차출되지 않았지만 그의 세 아들(엘리압, 아비나답, 삼마)는 블레셋과의 싸움에 출전했다. 이에 다윗은 사울에게로 왕래하며 베들레헴에서 그의 아버지의 양을 치고 있었다.
그런데 블레셋 사람 골리앗이 40일을 아침, 저녁 나와 시위를 하고 있었던 것이다.
우리는 이제 다윗이 이스라엘의 중요 인물로 부상하는 것을 보고 있다. 앞서 16장에서 사울의 치료자(악기 연주)로 입성했고 이제는 골리앗과의 전투로 진정한 챔피언이 누구인지를 많은 백성앞에 보여주는 것이다.
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