삼상 17:17-37 다윗의 분노와 큰형 엘리압의 반응

¹⁷ And Jesse said to David his son, “Take for your brothers an ephah⁵ of this parched grain, and these ten loaves, and carry them quickly to the camp to your brothers. 18 ^oAlso take these ten cheeses to the commander of their thousand. ^pSee if your brothers are well, and bring some token from them.”
19 Now Saul and they and all the men of Israel were in the Valley of Elah, fighting with the Philistines. 20 And David rose early in the morning and left the sheep with a keeper and took the provisions and went, as Jesse had commanded him. And he came to ^qthe encampment as the host was going out to the battle line, shouting the war cry. 21 And Israel and the Philistines drew up for battle, army against army. 22 And David left the ^rthings in charge of the keeper of the ^rbaggage and ran to the ranks and went and greeted his brothers. 23 As he talked with them, behold, ^sthe champion, the Philistine of Gath, Goliath by name, came up out of the ranks of the Philistines and spoke ^tthe same words as before. And David heard him.
24 All the men of Israel, when they saw the man, fled from him and were much afraid. 25 And the men of Israel said, “Have you seen this man who has come up? Surely he has come up to ^udefy Israel. And the king will enrich the man who kills him with great riches ^vand will give him his daughter and make his father’s house free in Israel.” 26 And David said to the men who stood by him, “What shall be done for the man who kills this Philistine and takes away ^wthe reproach from Israel? For who is this ^xuncircumcised Philistine, that he should ^udefy the armies of ^ythe living God?” 27 And the people answered him in the same way, ^z“So shall it be done to the man who kills him.”
28 Now Eliab his eldest brother heard when he spoke to the men. And Eliab’s anger was kindled against David, and he said, “Why have you come down? And with whom have you left those few sheep in the wilderness? I know your presumption and the evil of your heart, for you have come down to see the battle.” 29 And David said, “What have I done now? Was it not but a word?” 30 And he turned away from him toward another, and spoke ^bin the same way, and the people answered him again as before.
31 When the words that David spoke were heard, they repeated them before Saul, and he sent for him. 32 And David said to Saul, ^c“Let no man’s heart fail because of him. ^dYour servant will go and fight with this Philistine.” 33 And Saul said to David, “You are not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him, for you are but a youth, and he has been a man of war from his youth.” 34 But David said to Saul, “Your servant used to keep sheep for his father. And when there came a lion, or a bear, and took a lamb from the flock, 35 I went after him and struck him and delivered it out of his mouth. And if he arose against me, I caught him by his beard and struck him and killed him. 36 Your servant has struck down both lions and bears, and this uncircumcised Philistine shall be like one of them, ^efor he has defied the armies of the living God.” 37 And David said, ^f“The Lord who delivered me from the paw of the lion and from the paw of the bear will deliver me from the hand of this Philistine.” And Saul said to David, “Go, ^gand the Lord be with you!”

⁵ An ephah was about 3/5 bushel or 22 liters
^o [ch. 16:20]
^p [Gen. 37:14]
^q ch. 26:5, 7
^r [Isa. 10:28; Acts 21:15]
^r [Isa. 10:28; Acts 21:15]
^s ver. 4
^t ver. 8
^u ver. 10, 36, 45
^v [Josh. 15:16]
^w ch. 11:2
^x See Judg. 14:3
^u [See ver. 25 above]
^y Deut. 5:26; Josh. 3:10
^z ver. 25
^b ver. 26, 27
^c [Deut. 20:3]
^d [ch. 16:18]
^e ver. 10, 26
^f [2 Tim. 4:17]
^g [ch. 20:13; 1 Chr. 22:11, 16]

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 삼상 17:17–37.

16-24절) 이스라엘과 블레셋과의 대치가 40일간 이어지고 있었기에 군수물자가 부족해져서 각 지파나 가정에서 필요한 물품을 공급해줄 필요가 있었을 것이다. 이에 이새는 자신의 아들들을 위해서 볶은 곡식 한 에바(22리터)와 떡 열덩이를 준비하고, 지휘관(천부장)을 위해서 치즈 열덩이를 보내고 형들의 안부를 묻고 형들이 안전하다는 증표를 받아올 것을 다윗에게 부탁한다. 

20절) 다윗은 아침 일찍 일어나 양들을 맡기고 형들을 향해 출발한다. 전장까지의 거리가 24km정도 되었으니 하루 종일 걸어야 했을 것이다. 다윗이 도착한 시간은 양 군대가 전장에 나와 싸움을 돋우는 시간으로 아침 일찍 이었을 것이다. 

22절) 짐 지키는 자 : 이 사람은 이처럼 군수물자를 관리하는 사람으로 보인다. 

- 다윗은 지금 골리앗의 망언을 전장에서 처음 듣는다. 그리고 이에 대한 이스라엘 백성들의 반응을 처음 복 있는 것이다. 

David heard Goliath’s words, and perhaps for the first time in his life he heard the Lord being ridiculed. David also saw his fellow Israelites’ reactions to this desecration: “they all ran from him in great fear” (v. 24).

 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 192.

25-30절) 사울왕은 이 골리앗을 죽이는 사람에게 많은 재물과 딸, 그리고 가문의 세금을 면제해 주겠다라고 했다. 살아계시는 하나님의 군대를 모욕하는 것에 대한 분노를 말하는 다윗. 이러한 다윗의 발언에 대해서 큰형 엘리압은 부정적인 반응을 보인다. 엘리압은 막내 다윗을 곱지 않은 시선으로 보고 있다. 자신이 감당해야 하는 양 치는 일을 뒤로하고 전쟁을 구경하기 위해서 왔다라고 여겼으며, 골리앗을 향해서 말하는 그의 태도속에 교만함과 완악함이 있다고 본것이다. 도리어 가까운 가족, 형제가 다윗의 중심을 제대로 평가하지 못하는 것이다. 이는 창세기에서 요셉의 형제들이 요셉을 시기했던 것과 비슷해 보인다. 형의 이러한 반응에 대해서 다윗은 약간은 억울하다는 반응을 보인다. “내가 지금 어떤 잘못된 행동이라도 했나요? 그리고 이런 상황에 내가 이야기하지 못할 이유가 무엇인가요?”라고 말이다. 

31-37절) 이 다윗의 말이 사울에게 전달되고 사울앞에선 다윗은 자신이 나아가 골리앗과 싸우겠다고, 그러니 낙담하지 말것을 말한다. 하지만 사울은 골리앗은 장수이고 다윗은 어린 소년이기에 그럴 수 없다 말한다. 이에 다윗은 자신의 경험, 양을 지킬때 사자나 곰이 새끼를 물어가면 그것을 치고 새끼를 구해냈고 그것을 쳐 죽였다는 사실을 이야기한다. 

36절) 다윗은 골리앗의 위용에 압도되기는 커녕 살아계시는 하나님의 군대를 모욕한 이 골리앗은 자신이 쳐죽인 짐승과 같이 될 것이다라고 확신한다. 그리고 자신이 사자와 곰을 이길 수 있었던 이유도 하나님이시기에 이 블레셋의 골리앗도 이길 수 있다고 말한다. 이에 사울의 마음도 바뀌어서 그를 축복하며 나아가 싸울 것을 명한다. 

- 골리앗과의 싸움에 대한 다윗의 생각

To David’s way of thinking, “the uncircumcised Philistine” had reduced himself to the level of a brutish animal “because he … defied the armies of the living God” (v. 36). Thus, fighting Goliath would be just another fight with a wild beast. The Lord had delivered David “from the hand [“paw”] of the lion and the hand [“paw”] of the bear,” and he would deliver him “from the hand of this Philistine” (v. 37).

 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 193–194.