삼상 13:8-23 잘못된 희생 재물을 드리는 사울

Saul’s Unlawful Sacrifice
^8 sHe waited seven days, the time appointed by Samuel. But Samuel did not come to Gilgal, and the people were scattering from him. 9 So Saul said, “Bring the burnt offering here to me, and the peace offerings.” And he offered the burnt offering. 10 As soon as he had finished offering the burnt offering, behold, Samuel came. And Saul went out to meet him and greet him. 11 Samuel said, “What have you done?” And Saul said, “When I saw that the people were scattering from me, and that you did not come within the days appointed, and that the Philistines had mustered at Michmash, 12 I said, ‘Now the Philistines will come down against me at Gilgal, and I have not sought the favor of the Lord.’ So I forced myself, and offered the burnt offering.” 13 And Samuel said to Saul, ^t“You have done foolishly. ^uYou have not kept the command of the Lord your God, with which he commanded you. For then the Lord would have established your kingdom over Israel forever. 14 But now ^vyour kingdom shall not continue. The Lord has sought out a man ^wafter his own heart, and the Lord has commanded him to be prince² over his people, because you have not kept what the Lord commanded you.” 15 And Samuel arose and went up from Gilgal. The rest of the people went up after Saul to meet the army; they went up from Gilgal³ to ^xGibeah of Benjamin.
And Saul numbered the people who were present with him, ^yabout six hundred men. 16 And Saul and Jonathan his son and the people who were present with them stayed in ^zGeba of Benjamin, but the Philistines encamped in Michmash. 17 And ^araiders came out of the camp of the Philistines in three companies. One company turned toward Ophrah, to the land of Shual; 18 another company turned toward ^bBeth-horon; and another company turned toward the border that looks down on the Valley of ^cZeboim toward the wilderness.
19 ^dNow there was no blacksmith to be found throughout all the land of Israel, for the Philistines said, “Lest the Hebrews make themselves swords or spears.” 20 But every one of the Israelites went down to the Philistines to sharpen his plowshare, his mattock, his axe, or his sickle,⁴ 21 and the charge was two-thirds of a shekel⁵ for the plowshares and for the mattocks, and a third of a shekel⁶ for sharpening the axes and for setting the goads.⁷ 22 So on the day of the battle ^ethere was neither sword nor spear found in the hand of any of the people with Saul and Jonathan, but Saul and Jonathan his son had them. 23 And ^fthe garrison of the Philistines went out to the ^gpass of ^hMichmash.

^s ch. 10:8
^t 2 Sam. 24:10; 1 Chr. 21:8; 2 Chr. 16:9
^u ch. 15:11
^v ch. 15:28
^w Cited Acts 13:22
² Or leader
³ Septuagint; Hebrew lacks The rest of the people … from Gilgal
^x ver. 2
^y ch. 14:2
^z ver. 3; ch. 14:5
^a ch. 14:15
^b See Josh. 10:10
^c Neh. 11:34
^d [2 Kgs. 24:14]
⁴ Septuagint; Hebrew plowshare
⁵ Hebrew was a pim
⁶ A shekel was about 2/5 ounce or 11 grams
⁷ The meaning of the Hebrew verse is uncertain
^e [Judg. 5:8]
^f ch. 14:1, 4, 6, 11; 2 Sam. 23:14
^g ch. 14:4, 5; Isa. 10:28, 29
^h Isa. 10:28

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 삼상 13:8–23.

11-12절) 사무엘의 질문 “왕이 행한 것이 무엇인가?”(What have you done?) 이에 대해서 사울은 세가지로 방어적인 대답을 한다. 백성은 자신에게서 흩어지고, 사무엘은 정한 시간에 오지 않고, 자신을 치려는 블레셋은 믹마스에 진쳤다는 것이다. 그래서 어쩔 수 없이 백성이 흩어지는 막고, 하나님께 은혜를 구하기 위해서 어쩔 수 없이 번제를 드렸다는 것이다. 지금 사울은 자신의 행동을 통해서 하나님의 은혜를 얻을 수 있다고 착각하고 있는 것이다. 이것은 하나님에 대한 오해, 영적인 둔감함 때문이다. 우리가 내가 믿는 하나님이 어떤 분인지를 제대로 안다면 이렇게 행동해서는 안되고, 이런 선택을 할 수 없는 것이다. 어떤 이유에서도 하나님의 명령에 대한 불순종을 정당화 할 수는 없다. 

- 사울과 사무엘의 만남은 아이러니하다. 사울은 평안을 묻지만 사무엘을 지금 왕이 대체 무슨 일을 행한것이냐고 꾸짖는 투로 말하고 있다. 

14절) 사울의 불순종은 결과적으로 그의 나라(왕권)이 유지되지 못하게 했고 단기적으로 그를 대신하여 하나님의 마음에 합한 사람이 지도자로 선출되게 했다. 

사울의 불순종은 창3장의 아담의 불순종과 비교된다. 

- The events included in the telling of this episode serve to create a tragic parallel between Saul and Adam (cf. Gen 3). Both men were the heads of their respective social institutions; both violated commands given them by the Lord; both expressed an unwillingness to take personal responsibility for their actions. Because of sin Adam lost the opportunity for eternal life in the garden; for the same cause Saul lost the opportunity for an enduring dynasty in the Promised Land. These parallels are not accidental but result from a consistent theological perspective that views loss of position and privilege as inevitable consequences of violating the Lord’s commandments.

 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 151.

17-18절) 블레셋은 이스라엘을 압박하기 위해서 자신들의 병력을 세대로 나누어서 압박은 하고 있다. 

21절) 

13:21 곧 그들이 괭이나 삽이나 쇠스랑이나 도끼나 쇠채찍이 무딜 때에 그리하였으므로

 박기모, 개역개정, n.d., 삼상 13:21.

-13:21 블레셋의 대장장이들은 쟁기와 괭이를 날카롭게 가는 데 은 삼분의 이 세겔 을 받았고, 낫이나 도끼나 소를 몰 때 쓰는 쇠막대기를 가는 데 은 삼분의 일 세겔 을 받았습니다.

 박기모, 쉬운성경, n.d.

개역개정에는 농기구를 가는데 드는 비용이 빠져 있다. 실제로 이 비용은 터무니 없이 높은 비용이다. 블레셋은 철을 연마하는 기술을 통해서 이스라엘을 압박했다. 

결국 조건적인 명령, 하나님의 명령에 순종하면 복을 얻을 것이라는 이 명령을 사울이 지키지 못함으로 그의 가문은 왕권을 빼앗기고 만다. 하나님의 말씀을 따르는 것은 절대적인 명령이다. 바로 하나님의 말씀, 명령에 대한 순종 여부가 우리의 미래를 좌우한다.