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The Crucifixion
So they took Jesus, 17 and ohe went out, pbearing his own cross, to the place called The Place of a Skull, which in Aramaic is called Golgotha. 18 qThere they crucified him, and with him two others, one on either side, and Jesus between them. 19 Pilate ralso wrote an inscription and put it on the cross. It read, “Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews.” 20 Many of the Jews read this inscription, for sthe place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and it was written in Aramaic, in Latin, and in Greek. 21 So the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, “Do not write, ‘The King of the Jews,’ but rather, ‘This man said, I am King of the Jews.’ ” 22 Pilate answered, t“What I have written I have written.”
23 uWhen the soldiers had crucified Jesus, they took his garments and divided them into four parts, one part for each soldier; also his tunic.4 But the tunic was seamless, woven in one piece from top to bottom, 24 so they said to one another, “Let us not tear it, but cast lots for it to see whose it shall be.” vThis was to fulfill the Scripture which says,
w“They divided my garments among them,
and for my clothing they cast lots.”
So they took Jesus, 17 and ohe went out, pbearing his own cross, to the place called The Place of a Skull, which in Aramaic is called Golgotha. 18 qThere they crucified him, and with him two others, one on either side, and Jesus between them. 19 Pilate ralso wrote an inscription and put it on the cross. It read, “Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews.” 20 Many of the Jews read this inscription, for sthe place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and it was written in Aramaic, in Latin, and in Greek. 21 So the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, “Do not write, ‘The King of the Jews,’ but rather, ‘This man said, I am King of the Jews.’ ” 22 Pilate answered, t“What I have written I have written.”
23 uWhen the soldiers had crucified Jesus, they took his garments and divided them into four parts, one part for each soldier; also his tunic.4 But the tunic was seamless, woven in one piece from top to bottom, 24 so they said to one another, “Let us not tear it, but cast lots for it to see whose it shall be.” vThis was to fulfill the Scripture which says,
w“They divided my garments among them,
and for my clothing they cast lots.”
So the soldiers did these things, 25 xbut standing by the cross of Jesus were his mother and his mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene. 26 When Jesus saw his mother and ythe disciple whom he loved standing nearby, he said to his mother, z“Woman, behold, your son!” 27 Then he said to the disciple, “Behold, your mother!” And from that hour the disciple took her to ahis own home.
The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2016), 요 19:17–27.
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17절) 예수께서 자기의 십자가를 지시고 골고다(해골)로 나아가셨다. 십자가형(사형)을 위해서는 진밖으로 나가야하는 것이 그들의 율법이기에 이를 위해서 십자가를 지게 한 것이다. 예수께서 직접 십자가를 지고 가시는 것은 아브라함이 자신의 아들을 희생제물로 바칠때 이삭이 번제에 쓸 나무를 직접 지고 가던 것을 떠오르게 한다.
본문에는 다른 공관복음에서 다루는 십자가의 길(비아 돌로로사)에 대한 기록이 없다. 또한 구레네 시몬에 대한 언급도 없다.
18절) 골고다(갈보리)에서 예수를 십자가에 못밖을때 좌우편에 강도들이 있었다. 이또한 구약의 예언의 성취이다.
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On crucifixion, see notes on 18:32; Matt. 27:35. Jesus’ crucifixion between two criminals is reminiscent of Ps. 22:16 (“a company of evildoers encircles me”) and Isa. 53:12 (“numbered with the transgressors”).
Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2065.
19절) 빌라도가 “나사렛 예수 유대인의 왕”이라고 기록된 패를 십자가위에 붙였다. 범죄자들에게 이렇게 패를 붙이는 이유는 사람들에게 이 죄인의 죄목을 알림으로 이런 죄를 짓지 못하도록 하게 하기 위해서 이다. 그런데 빌라도의 입을 통해서 그리스도가 유대인의 왕임이 선포되고 있는 것이다.
20절) 골고다가 성에서 가까움으로 많은 유대인들이 이 자리에 참석하였다. 그들은 이 패에 기록된 내용을 읽을 수 있었는데 이 내용은 히브리, 로마, 헬라말로 기록되었다. 세가지의 언어로 동시에 기록된 것은 유대인들뿐 아니라 모든 이들에게 예수의 죽음의 이유를 알리기 위해서이다.
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Aramaic was the language most widely understood by the Jewish population of Palestine; Latin was the official language of the Roman occupying force; and Greek was the “international language” of the empire, understood by both Jews and Gentiles. The trilingual nature of the inscription thus ensured the widest possible awareness of the official reason why Jesus was being crucified.
Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2065.
21-22절) 제사장들이 패의 내용을 “자칭 유대인의 왕”이라고 고쳐줄 것을 요청하지만 빌라도는 이를 거절한다. 제사장들의 입장에서 패의 내용을 인정하기 싫었기에 이런 요청을 한 것이다. 하지만 하나님께서는 불의한 지도자를 통해서 그 십자가의 길을 완성해 가신다
23-24절) 군병들이 예수를 십자가에 못박고 그의 옷을 네조각으로 나누고, 속옷을 취했는데 이것은 통으로 만들어진 것으로 나누지 않고 제비뽑아 이것을 가져가는 게임을 제안한다. 죄인의 죽음앞에 그의 물품을 나누는 극악한 군병들을 통해서도 하나님께서는 당신의 말씀을 이루시고 성취하신다.(시 22:18)
25절) 예수의 십자가 곁에 있던 여인들, 어머니 마리아와 이모, 글로바의 아내 마리아와 막달라 마리아
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On Jesus’ mother, see vv. 26–27 and 2:1–5. His mother’s sister may be Salome, the mother of the sons of Zebedee mentioned in Matthew and Mark. On Mary the wife of Clopas, cf. Luke 24:18. Regarding Mary Magdalene, see John 20:1–18 (cf. Luke 8:2–3).
Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2065.
26-27절) 사랑하시는 제자는 누구인가? 명확하지는 않지만 이 복음서를 쓰고 있는 요한일 것이다. 이제 죽음을 앞두고 예수님께서 요한에게 모친을 부탁하고 계시는 것이다. 당시 장자가 부모를 봉양해야할 책임이 있는데 자신의 죽음을 앞두고 장자로서의 책임을 지기 위한 것이다.
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In addition to the women, one man is also mentioned as a friend of Jesus standing near. That man is identified as the disciple whom he loved and who was so designated earlier (cf. 13:23–25). That disciple is then linked to the mother of Jesus both by the fact that the Johannine evangelist identified them as standing together in Jesus’ sight and by the testamentary-type disposition that follows.
Jesus’ statement “Woman,137 here is your son!” spoken to his mother p 269 and the subsequent one spoken to the disciple, “Here is your mother,” are undoubtedly intended to be testamentary formulas.138 The statements are also akin to common practice, nonlegal adoption formulas such as in Tob 7:12.139
The significance of those statements is further defined by the evangelist’s editorial note that “from that time on this disciple took her into his home.” The traditional role of the oldest son in a Jewish family was to provide for the care of the mother when the husband or father of the house was no longer around to care for the mother. It seems clear that Jesus here fulfilled his family responsibility as a dutiful son.
137 The NIV translators in rendering the text “Dear woman” were obviously attempting to indicate that Jesus was not being impolite to his mother. The TEV completely omits the vocative “Woman” for the same reason. Cf. Newman and Nida, Translator’s Handbook, 589.
138 Cf. E. Stauffer, Jesus and His Story (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1960), 113; R. de Vaux, Ancient Israel (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1961), 112–13.
139 The statement in Ps 2:7 is not unrelated to such formulas though there the statement is a divine decree.
Jesus’ statement “Woman,137 here is your son!” spoken to his mother p 269 and the subsequent one spoken to the disciple, “Here is your mother,” are undoubtedly intended to be testamentary formulas.138 The statements are also akin to common practice, nonlegal adoption formulas such as in Tob 7:12.139
The significance of those statements is further defined by the evangelist’s editorial note that “from that time on this disciple took her into his home.” The traditional role of the oldest son in a Jewish family was to provide for the care of the mother when the husband or father of the house was no longer around to care for the mother. It seems clear that Jesus here fulfilled his family responsibility as a dutiful son.
137 The NIV translators in rendering the text “Dear woman” were obviously attempting to indicate that Jesus was not being impolite to his mother. The TEV completely omits the vocative “Woman” for the same reason. Cf. Newman and Nida, Translator’s Handbook, 589.
138 Cf. E. Stauffer, Jesus and His Story (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1960), 113; R. de Vaux, Ancient Israel (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1961), 112–13.
139 The statement in Ps 2:7 is not unrelated to such formulas though there the statement is a divine decree.
Gerald L. Borchert, John 12–21, vol. 25B, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2002), 268–269.
본문은 골고다로의 여정, 십자가상의 패의 기록, 예수님의 물건을 탐하는 군병들, 여인들과 함께 하는 이들이 등장한다.
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