삼상 25:23-44 아비가일을 아내로 맞는 다윗

²³ When Abigail saw David, she hurried ^uand got down from the donkey ^vand fell before David on her face and bowed to the ground. 24 She fell at his feet and said, ^w“On me alone, my lord, be the guilt. Please let your servant speak in your ears, and hear the words of your servant. 25 Let not my lord regard ^qthis worthless fellow, Nabal, for as his name is, so is he. Nabal³ is his name, and folly is with him. But I your servant did not see the young men of my lord, whom you sent. 26 Now then, my lord, ^xas the Lord lives, and as your soul lives, because ^ythe Lord has restrained you from bloodguilt and from ^zsaving with your own hand, now then ^alet your enemies and those who seek to do evil to my lord be as Nabal. 27 And now let this ^bpresent that your servant has brought to my lord be given to the young men who follow my lord. 28 Please forgive the trespass of your servant. For the Lord will certainly make my lord ^ca sure house, because my lord ^dis fighting the battles of the Lord, and evil shall not be found in you so long as you live. 29 If men rise up to pursue you and to seek your life, the life of my lord shall be bound in the bundle of the living in the care of the Lord your God. And the lives of your enemies ^ehe shall sling out as from the hollow of a sling. 30 And when the Lord has done to my lord according to all the good that he has spoken concerning you and has appointed you prince⁴ over Israel, 31 my lord shall have no cause of grief or pangs of conscience for having shed blood without cause or for my lord ^zworking salvation himself. And when the Lord has dealt well with my lord, then remember your servant.”
32 And David said to Abigail, ^f“Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel, who sent you this day to meet me! 33 Blessed be your discretion, and blessed be you, ^ywho have kept me this day from bloodguilt ^zand from working salvation with my own hand! 34 For as surely ^gas the Lord, the God of Israel, lives, ^ywho has restrained me from hurting you, unless you had hurried and come to meet me, truly by morning there had not been left to Nabal so much as one male.” 35 Then David received from her hand what she had brought him. And he said to her, ^h“Go up in peace to your house. See, I have obeyed your voice, and I have granted your petition.”
36 And Abigail came to Nabal, and behold, ⁱhe was holding a feast in his house, like the feast of a king. And Nabal’s heart ^jwas merry within him, for he was very drunk. So she told him nothing ^kat all until the morning light. 37 In the morning, when the wine had gone out of Nabal, his wife told him these things, and his heart died within him, and he became as a stone. 38 And about ten days later ^lthe Lord struck Nabal, and he died.
39 When David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, ^f“Blessed be the Lord who has ^mavenged the insult I received at the hand of Nabal, ⁿand has kept back his servant from wrongdoing. ^oThe Lord has returned the evil of Nabal on his own head.” Then David sent and ^pspoke to Abigail, to take her as his wife. 40 When the servants of David came to Abigail at Carmel, they said to her, “David has sent us to you to take you to him as his wife.” 41 And she rose ^qand bowed with her face to the ground and said, “Behold, your handmaid is a servant to wash the feet of the servants of my lord.” 42 And Abigail hurried and rose and mounted a donkey, and her five young women attended her. She followed the messengers of David and became his wife.
43 David also took Ahinoam of ^rJezreel, ^sand both of them became his wives. 44 Saul had given Michal his daughter, David’s wife, to Palti the son of Laish, who was of Gallim.

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 삼상 25:23–44.

아비가일과 다윗의 만남을 성경에 가장 인상적인 여성 주도적인 만남이라고 할 수 있다. 

-  Other significant female-initiated contacts between genders include Adam and Eve (Gen 3), Judah and Tamar (Gen 38), Deborah and Barak (Judg 4), Ruth and Boaz (Ruth 3), and the woman who anointed Jesus with perfume (Matt 26:6–13).

 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996).

23절) 아비가일은 다윗과의 만남에서 먼저 행동으로 이야기했다. 이런 비 언어적인 행동이 더 큰 영향을 줄 수 있다. 그녀는 다윗을 보자마자 나귀에서 내려서 그의 발앞에 엎드려 얼굴을 땅에 대고 말한다. 이러고나서 하는 그녀의 말은 더욱 신뢰감을 주었을 것이다. 여기서 아비가일의 대화가 성경에서 가장 길게 나오는 여인의 대화이다.(153단어) 24-31절

-  The so-called Song of Deborah (Judg 5:2–31) is actually longer (352 Hb. words), but the words of the song were sung by Deborah and Barak—not Deborah alone.

 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996).

아비가일의 행동의 의미

Abigail did three remarkable things: (1) she successfully interceded in behalf of her husband, (2) she prophetically revealed David’s destiny as the founder of a dynasty and vanquisher of enemies, and (3) she prevented David from bringing judgment down on himself through an egregious violation of the Torah.

 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 250.

아비가일은 다윗에게 용서와 평화를 구할뿐만 아니라 예언자적인 어조로 그의 미래를 이야기한다. 여호와께서 그의 왕국을 든든히 세우실것을 이야기하는데 이것은 이스라엘을 향한 라합의 예언과 연관성이 있다. 이스라엘과 다윗의 관계를 좀더 깊이 생각해 볼 필요가 있다.

-  Polzin notes the similarity that exists between Abigail’s words here regarding David’s destiny and Rahab’s words regarding Israel’s destiny (Samuel and the Deuteronomist, 208; cf. Josh 2:9). The parallel is real and reinforces the connection between Israel and David as the metaphorical representative of Israel.

 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996).

29절) 본문의 생명 싸개에서 사용된 bundle는 가방이라는 의미만이 아니라 document, book라는 의미를 가지고 있다. 그래서 이것은 생명책에 기록되어 있다라는 의미로 해석될 수 있다. / 또한 아비가일이 물매라는 단어를 사용한 것도 의도적이고 상징적인 의미를 가지고 있다. 

-  The term “bundle” (Hb. צְרוֹר) is believed by some to mean “document” and thus is the equivalent to the Book of Life (cf. Phil 4:3; Rev 3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12, 15; 21:27; 22:19).

 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996).

31절) 아비가일은 자신의 대화 마지막에 “내 주의 여종을 생각하소서,  then remember your servant”라고 말한다. 이것이 의미하는 바가 무엇일까? 지금 다른 남자의 아내인 아비가일에게 다윗이 할 수 있는 것이 무엇인가? 지금 이 순간 아비가일이 다윗의 아내가 될 것을 계획하거나 생각했을리는 없다. 아마도 자신의 자녀들을 부탁하는 의미로 사용했을 것이다. 하지만 하나님의 섭리속에서 이 요청은 다윗의 아내가 되는 것으로 이루어지게 된다. 

-  One of the most unusual aspects of Abigail’s remarkable speech was her request that David “remember your handmaid” (NIV, “servant”). As used here the term “remember” (Hb. zākar) means to “act favorably in behalf of.” It is uncertain, however, what sort of favor David could have bestowed on another man’s wife in that society, except perhaps the granting of special privileges for her children (cf. 2 Kgs 4:13–37; Matt 20:20–21).

One of the most noteworthy aspects of Abigail’s speech was her repeated use of the term translated “my lord” (Hb. ʾădonî). Her fourteen uses of the term are both ironic and prophetic since the word also means “my husband.”

 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 250–251.

32-33절) 아비가일의 이야기를 듣고 자신의 맹세(22절, 내일 아침까지 나발 집안의 모든 남자들을 죽이겠다는 맹세)를 돌이킨다. 

-  Giving up vengeance meant breaking the vow made in v. 22. If one vows to sin, however, it is better in the eyes of the Lord to break the vow than to commit the sin vowed, a principle that Jephthah (Judg. 11:29–40) and Herod the tetrarch (Matt. 14:7–9) should have heeded. (Of course, making a rash oath in the first place was a sin that needed to be compensated for, as Lev. 5:4–6 requires.)

 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 533.

다윗은 아비가일의 말을 듣고 그녀를 칭찬한다. 먼저는 그녀를 보내주신 하나님을 찬양하고, 그녀의 지혜를 칭찬하며 이어 자신이 복수로 인해서 피흘릴 것을 막은 것을 칭찬하고 있다. 

35절) 아비가일의 청을 듣고 자신의 복수를 철회하는 다윗, 사울의 모습과 대조된다. 

this providential intervention sharpened the contrast between David and Saul: David spared the clan of those who offended him, but Saul wiped the clan out that offended him (cf. chap. 22:6–23).

 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 251.

36절) 그녀가 다윗과 만남을 마치고 집으로 돌아왔을때 엄청나게 화려한 잔치가 열리고 있었고 남편인 나발은 술에 취해서 대화가 불가능한 지경이었다. 왕처럼 잔치를 했다고 하는데 의도적으로 사울과 나발을 생각나게 하고 있다. 둘다 부자이고 권력이 있고 다윗의 도움을 받았음에도 다윗에게 적대적인 태도를 취하고 있다. 두 집안의 여인들이 모두 다윗을 도왔다.(미갈과 아비가일) 

37-38절) 나발이 술이 깨고 제정신이 돌아온 후에 아비가일이 자초지종을 말하자 낙담하고 10일후에 하나님이 그를 치신다. 

When he heard these words, “his heart/mind/intellect/emotions [Hb. lēb] died inside of him” (NIV, “his heart failed him”), “and he became like a stone.” In more contemporary medical terms, Nabal may have experienced a stroke that resulted in a coma. Whatever the case, “ten days later” Nabal died (v. 38). But the writer was careful to note that the ultimate cause of Nabal’s death was not an unfortunate medical problem: “The Lord struck Nabal.” His death came as the direct result of personally administered divine judgment (cf. Acts 12:23); David’s oath was fulfilled (1 Sam 25:22, Hb. text).

 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 252.

39절) 나발의 죽음후에 아비가일을 자신의 아내로 맞이하는 다윗, 가까운 친족으로 기업을 무르는(고엘) 자로서의 역할을 수행하는 의미도 깊다. 

42절) 아비가일을 아내로 맞이하여 합법적으로 다윗은 나발의 지위, 재산을 보유하게 되었고 이것은 이후 그의 행보에 큰 도움이 되었다. 

-  Indicative of David’s growing prestige and power, Abigail was technically his third wife. Marrying Nabal’s widow gave David legitimate claim to Nabal’s position and wealth (cf. 2 Sam 12:8; 16:21–22) and thus probably was of strategic importance in David’s later rise to power in Hebron (2 Sam 2:4), a town in the vicinity of Carmel.

 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 253.

43절) 아히노암을 아내로 맞은 다윗, 다윗의 맞아들 암논의 어머니이다. 

44절) 사울이 다윗의 아내인 미갈을 라이스의 아들 발디에게 주었다. 

아비가일이 다윗의 아내가 되는 이 과정에 여인의 노력과 하나님의 섭리가 교묘하게 함께 교차하며 어우러진다. 그녀가 자신의 지혜로 자신의 집안을 멸하러 오는 다윗의 분노를 멈추려고 했던 행동과 말을 통해서 결국 그녀는 다윗의 아내가 되는 것이다. 그녀가 이것을 의도하지 않았지만 본인에게 주어진 상황속에서 최선을 다하는 열심을 통해서 하나님께서 그 일을 이루신 것이다.