728x90
David Spares Saul’s Life
24 1 yWhen Saul returned from following the Philistines, he was told, “Behold, David is in the wilderness of Engedi.” 2 Then Saul took zthree thousand chosen men out of all Israel and went to seek David and his men in front of the Wildgoats’ Rocks. 3 And he came to the sheepfolds by the way, where there was a cave, and Saul went in ato relieve himself.2 Now David and his men were sitting in the innermost parts bof the cave. 4 And the men of David said to him, c“Here is the day of which the Lord said to you, ‘Behold, I will give your enemy into your hand, and you shall do to him as it shall seem good to you.’ ” Then David arose and stealthily cut off a corner of Saul’s robe. 5 And afterward dDavid’s heart struck him, because he had cut off a corner of Saul’s robe. 6 He said to his men, e“The Lord forbid that I should do this thing to my lord, the Lord’s anointed, to put out my hand against him, seeing he is fthe Lord’s anointed.” 7 So David persuaded his men with these words gand did not permit them to attack Saul. And Saul rose up and left the cave and went on his way.
8 Afterward David also arose and went out of the cave, and called after Saul, “My lord the king!” And when Saul looked behind him, David bowed with his face to the earth and paid homage. 9 And David said to Saul, “Why do you listen to the words of men who say, ‘Behold, David seeks your harm’? 10 Behold, this day your eyes have seen how the Lord gave you today into my hand in the cave. hAnd some told me to kill you, but I spared you.3 I said, ‘I will not put out my hand against my lord, ffor he is the Lord’s anointed.’ 11 See, my father, see the corner of your robe in my hand. For by the fact that I cut off the corner of your robe and did not kill you, you may know and see that ithere is no wrong or treason in my hands. I have not sinned against you, though jyou hunt my life to take it. 12 kMay the Lord judge between me and you, may the Lord avenge me against you, but my hand shall not be against you. 13 As the proverb of the ancients says, ‘Out of the wicked comes wickedness.’ But my hand shall not be against you. 14 After whom has the king of Israel come out? After whom do you pursue? lAfter a dead dog! mAfter a flea! 15 kMay the Lord therefore be judge and give sentence between me and you, and see to it and nplead my cause and deliver me from your hand.”
16 As soon as David had finished speaking these words to Saul, Saul said, o“Is this your voice, my son David?” And Saul lifted up his voice and wept. 17 He said to David, “You are more righteous than I, pfor you have repaid me good, whereas I have repaid you evil. 18 And you have declared this day how you have dealt well with me, in that you did not kill me when the Lord put me into your hands. 19 For if a man finds his enemy, will he let him go away safe? So may the Lord reward you with good for what you have done to me this day. 20 And now, behold, qI know that you shall surely be king, and that the kingdom of Israel shall be established in your hand. 21 rSwear to me therefore by the Lord that you will not cut off my offspring after me, and sthat you will not destroy my name out of my father’s house.” 22 And David swore this to Saul. Then Saul went home, but David and his men went up tto the stronghold.
24 1 yWhen Saul returned from following the Philistines, he was told, “Behold, David is in the wilderness of Engedi.” 2 Then Saul took zthree thousand chosen men out of all Israel and went to seek David and his men in front of the Wildgoats’ Rocks. 3 And he came to the sheepfolds by the way, where there was a cave, and Saul went in ato relieve himself.2 Now David and his men were sitting in the innermost parts bof the cave. 4 And the men of David said to him, c“Here is the day of which the Lord said to you, ‘Behold, I will give your enemy into your hand, and you shall do to him as it shall seem good to you.’ ” Then David arose and stealthily cut off a corner of Saul’s robe. 5 And afterward dDavid’s heart struck him, because he had cut off a corner of Saul’s robe. 6 He said to his men, e“The Lord forbid that I should do this thing to my lord, the Lord’s anointed, to put out my hand against him, seeing he is fthe Lord’s anointed.” 7 So David persuaded his men with these words gand did not permit them to attack Saul. And Saul rose up and left the cave and went on his way.
8 Afterward David also arose and went out of the cave, and called after Saul, “My lord the king!” And when Saul looked behind him, David bowed with his face to the earth and paid homage. 9 And David said to Saul, “Why do you listen to the words of men who say, ‘Behold, David seeks your harm’? 10 Behold, this day your eyes have seen how the Lord gave you today into my hand in the cave. hAnd some told me to kill you, but I spared you.3 I said, ‘I will not put out my hand against my lord, ffor he is the Lord’s anointed.’ 11 See, my father, see the corner of your robe in my hand. For by the fact that I cut off the corner of your robe and did not kill you, you may know and see that ithere is no wrong or treason in my hands. I have not sinned against you, though jyou hunt my life to take it. 12 kMay the Lord judge between me and you, may the Lord avenge me against you, but my hand shall not be against you. 13 As the proverb of the ancients says, ‘Out of the wicked comes wickedness.’ But my hand shall not be against you. 14 After whom has the king of Israel come out? After whom do you pursue? lAfter a dead dog! mAfter a flea! 15 kMay the Lord therefore be judge and give sentence between me and you, and see to it and nplead my cause and deliver me from your hand.”
16 As soon as David had finished speaking these words to Saul, Saul said, o“Is this your voice, my son David?” And Saul lifted up his voice and wept. 17 He said to David, “You are more righteous than I, pfor you have repaid me good, whereas I have repaid you evil. 18 And you have declared this day how you have dealt well with me, in that you did not kill me when the Lord put me into your hands. 19 For if a man finds his enemy, will he let him go away safe? So may the Lord reward you with good for what you have done to me this day. 20 And now, behold, qI know that you shall surely be king, and that the kingdom of Israel shall be established in your hand. 21 rSwear to me therefore by the Lord that you will not cut off my offspring after me, and sthat you will not destroy my name out of my father’s house.” 22 And David swore this to Saul. Then Saul went home, but David and his men went up tto the stronghold.
The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 삼상 24:1–22.
위 사건은 시 57, 142편의 모티브가 된다.
-
The reference to David and his men in the cave connects this series of events with Pss 57; 142. Both of those psalms express David’s profound reliance upon and exultant faith in God. In those compositions David confesses that Yahweh, not the natural fortification, is his refuge (Pss 57:1; 142:5)—one which in fact proved most secure.
Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996).
3절) 발을 가리운다는 표현은 화장실을 간다는 표현이다.(
Judg. 3:24)
-
This Hebrew idiom refers to the Israelite practice of disposing of human excrement in a sanitary manner through covering it over with dirt (cf. Deut 23:13).
Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996).
4절) 다윗의 부하들이 다윗에게 한 이야기 “여호와께서 당신에게 이르시기를 내가 원수를 네 손에 붙이리니 네 소견에 선한대로 그에게 행하라”, 이 내용은 실제로 성경에 등장하지 않는다. 실제로 우리는 우리의 생각과 하나님의 말씀을 제대로 분간하지 못한다. 때로 이렇게 많은 사람들을 통해서 하나님의 일이라고 이야기하지만 성경과 무관한 것들, 도리어 하나님의 의지와는 관계 없는 행동, 선택들을 보게 된다. 하지만 문제는 우리가 이런 선택을 하는 상황에서도 이것이 하나님의 뜻이라는 확신가운데 행동하고 있다는 것이다.
-
“I will give your enemy into your hands for you to deal with as you wish” (v. 4; Hb. v. 5). This prophecy is not mentioned elsewhere in Scripture and probably represents an example of false prophecy (cf. 1 Kgs 22:11–16); alternatively, it may have been a genuine prophecy relating to non-Israelite enemies misapplied to Saul.
Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 239.
5절) 사울의 옷자락을 벤 행동에 대해서 깊이 회개 하는 다윗. 그리고 이어 자신의 부하들에게 하나님께 기름부음을 받은 자를 손대지 못할 것을 명한다.
6절) 하나님께서 기름 부으신 사울을 해하지 않는 다윗, 이미 하나님의 성령이 그를 떠났지만 하나님께서 왕으로 기름부으셨고 아직 그가 그 직위에 있기에 그에게 손을 대지 않았다. 왜냐하면 이것이 하나님의 뜻이기 때문이다.
-
David respects Saul as the Lord’s anointed because Saul is still on the royal throne as king over Israel, even though the Spirit of the Lord has already left him. The Lord had previously anointed Saul as king (10:1), and in David’s eyes Saul still retains that status. The anointed of the Lord should not be killed or even cursed (cf. 26:9; Ex. 22:28; 2 Sam. 1:14; 19:21).
Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 530.
- 빌라도는 하나님께서 세우신 예수님의 왕으로서의 권위를 인정하지 않았다.
8-15절) 다윗과 사울의 대화, 왕에게 충성을 맹세하며 자신이 사울을 절대로 해하지 않는 다는 것을 고백하는 다윗과 그의 행동을 보고 자신의 입으로 다윗이 이스라엘의 다음 왕이 될 것이라고 고백하는 사울.
-
David’s most passionate affirmation of loyalty to the king and Saul’s confession that David would be Israel’s next king.
Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 240.
- 다윗은 마치 유능한 변호사와 같이 자신의 결백을 주장하고 있다. 사울의 겉옷 자락을 보여주며, 또한 자신이 한 행동을 토대로 왕을 해하려는 의도도 없으려니와 해할 수 있는 절호의 기회가 있었어도 그일을 행하지 않았다라고 고백한다. 다윗 자신이 사울에게 어떤 위협도 되지 않기에 사울에게도 자신을 죽이려는 노력을 그칠 것을 촉구하고 있다.
10절) 다윗은 사울을 왕으로 정당하게 인정하고 있다. 단지 그가 행한 어떤 행동때문이 아니라 하나님게서 세우신 권위를 인정하기 때문이다.
12절) 다윗은 이 모든 일에 대한 판단, 심판이 하나님께 달려있다고 고백하고 있다.
15절) 여호와가 어떤 분인지에 대한 다윗의 고백.
-
그런즉 여호와께서 재판장이 되어 나와 왕 사이에 판결하사 나의 사정을 살펴 신원하시고 나를 왕의 손에서 건지시기를 원하나이다
The Holy Bible: Korean Revised Version, electronic ed. (South Korea, n.d.), 삼상 24:15.
-
He appealed to the Lord to (1) “be our judge, (2) “decide” the dispute, (3) “consider” his cause, (4) “uphold” it, and finally (5) “vindicate” him
Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 241.
17절) 사울에게 은혜를 베푸는 다윗, 이는 그리스도를 대적하는 우리들에게 은혜를 베푸시는 그리스도를 예표한다.
-
David shows mercy to Saul, prefiguring the mercy of Christ even toward those who have opposed him (1 Tim. 1:13–16).
Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 531.
다윗의 이야기를 듣고 감정적으로 격동하는 사울, 다윗의 행동은 선하고 자신의 행동은 악했다라고 고백한다. 또한 다윗이 이후에 왕이 될 것을 인정하고 두가지 약속을 구한다. 첫째는 자신의 후손을 멸하지 말것과 자신의 이름을 멸하지 말 것을 구하는데 이것에 대해서 다윗은 즉각적으로 그러겠다고 응답한다.
자신을 죽이려고 혈안이 되어서 수많은 군대를 거느리고 찾아온 사울을 선대하는 다윗, 그가 그렇게 행동할 수 있었던 이유는 바로 하나님께서 그의 보호자가 되실 것에 대한 확신이 있었기 때문이다. 그리아니하실 지라도 그의 믿음으로 인해서 그는 사울을 해할 수가 없었다. 다윗은 여호와 하나님께서 자신의 재판장이시며, 판결자이시고 자신을 주목하고 계시면 원수를 갚으실 뿐만 아니라 자신을 위협에서 건지실 것을 믿었다.
나는 하나님을 어떻게 믿고 있는가? 믿고 싶은 대로가 아니라 하나님 자신을 바르게 믿는 믿음이 우리에게 필요하다.
'성경묵상 > 사무엘상' 카테고리의 다른 글
삼상 25:1-22 사무엘의 죽음과 그리고 나발, 아비가일과의 만남 (0) | 2016.03.16 |
---|---|
삼상 23:15-29 다윗을 쫓는 사울 (0) | 2016.03.14 |
삼상 23:1-14 그일라를 구하는 다윗 (0) | 2016.03.08 |
삼상 22:11-23 아히멜렉 가문을 죽이는 사울 (0) | 2016.03.08 |
삼상 22:1-10 아둘람에 피신한 다윗 (0) | 2016.03.04 |