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13 Then David went over to the other side and stood far off on the top of the hill, with a great space between them. 14 And David called to the army, and to Abner the son of Ner, saying, “Will you not answer, Abner?” Then Abner answered, “Who are you who calls to the king?” 15 And David said to Abner, “Are you not a man? Who is like you in Israel? Why then have you not kept watch over your lord the king? For one of the people came in to destroy the king your lord. 16 This thing that you have done is not good. kAs the Lord lives, you deserve to die, because you have not kept watch over your lord, the Lord’s anointed. And now see where the king’s spear is and the jar of water that was lat his head.”
17 Saul recognized David’s voice and said, m“Is this your voice, my son David?” And David said, “It is my voice, my lord, O king.” 18 And he said, n“Why does my lord pursue after his servant? For what have I done? What evil is on my hands? 19 Now therefore let my lord the king hear the words of his servant. If it is the Lord who has stirred you up against me, may he accept an offering, but if it is men, may they be cursed before the Lord, ofor they have driven me out this day that I should have no share in pthe heritage of the Lord, saying, ‘Go, serve other gods.’ 20 Now therefore, let not my blood fall to the earth away from the presence of the Lord, for the king of Israel has come out to seek qa single flea like one who hunts a partridge in the mountains.”
21 Then Saul said, r“I have sinned. Return, my son David, for I will no more do you harm, because my life was precious in your eyes this day. Behold, I have acted foolishly, and have made a great mistake.” 22 And David answered and said, “Here is the spear, O king! Let one of the young men come over and take it. 23 sThe Lord rewards every man for his righteousness and his faithfulness, for the Lord gave you into my hand today, and I would not put out my hand against the Lord’s anointed. 24 Behold, as your life was precious this day in my sight, so may my life be precious in the sight of the Lord, and may he deliver me out of all tribulation.” 25 Then Saul said to David, “Blessed be you, my son David! You will do many things and will tsucceed in them.” So David went his way, and Saul returned to his place.
17 Saul recognized David’s voice and said, m“Is this your voice, my son David?” And David said, “It is my voice, my lord, O king.” 18 And he said, n“Why does my lord pursue after his servant? For what have I done? What evil is on my hands? 19 Now therefore let my lord the king hear the words of his servant. If it is the Lord who has stirred you up against me, may he accept an offering, but if it is men, may they be cursed before the Lord, ofor they have driven me out this day that I should have no share in pthe heritage of the Lord, saying, ‘Go, serve other gods.’ 20 Now therefore, let not my blood fall to the earth away from the presence of the Lord, for the king of Israel has come out to seek qa single flea like one who hunts a partridge in the mountains.”
21 Then Saul said, r“I have sinned. Return, my son David, for I will no more do you harm, because my life was precious in your eyes this day. Behold, I have acted foolishly, and have made a great mistake.” 22 And David answered and said, “Here is the spear, O king! Let one of the young men come over and take it. 23 sThe Lord rewards every man for his righteousness and his faithfulness, for the Lord gave you into my hand today, and I would not put out my hand against the Lord’s anointed. 24 Behold, as your life was precious this day in my sight, so may my life be precious in the sight of the Lord, and may he deliver me out of all tribulation.” 25 Then Saul said to David, “Blessed be you, my son David! You will do many things and will tsucceed in them.” So David went his way, and Saul returned to his place.
The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 삼상 26:13–25.
자신의 사람 다윗을 보호하시기 위해서 적들을 깊은 잠에 빠뜨리시는 하나님, 도저히 상상할 수 없는 일이 적진 한가운데서 일어난 것이다. 바로 주님이 하셨다.
13-16절) 다윗이 건너편 산 꼭대기에 올라서 넬의 아들 아브넬을 부른다. 깊은 잠에 빠져있던 아브넬과 이스라엘 군사들은 정신을 차리고 그 부름을 듣는 것이다.
다윗의 질문 : 1) 네가 용사가 아니냐? 2) 이스라엘에 너 같은 자가 누가 있느냐? 3) 그런데 어찌 네가 왕을 보호하지 않느냐? 4) 왕의 창과 물병이 어디 있느냐? / 다윗은 지금 아브넬을 책망하고 있다. 왕을 보호하고 전쟁의 임무를 수행하는 장수로서 어찌 마땅히 감당해야할 일들을 하지 못하고 있ㄴ냐는 것이다. 그리고 이렇게 자신에게 맡겨진 임무를 제대로 수행하지 못한 것은 옳지 못하고 죽어 마땅하다라고 선포하고 있다.
17-20절) 다윗은 사울 앞에서 다시금 자신을 변호하고 있다. 자신을 쫓는 이유가 무엇인지를 묻고 있다. 그가 기도하는 형태로 묻고 있는 요지는 두가지 이다. 첫째로 사울을 충동시켜서 자신을 죽이라고 한 분이 하나님이시라면 기꺼이 그 제물이 되겠다. 하지만 둘째로, 자신을 죽이려고 하는 사람이 사람들이라면 그들은 여호와앞에서 저주를 받게 될 것이다. / 지금 다윗은 자신이 하나님의 백성으로 하나님의 기업에 참여하지 못하도록 다른 신을 섬기라고 말하는 거짓 선지자와 같은 이들을 고발하고 있다. 하나님의 기업은 땅과 언약백성으로서의 신분, 관계를 모두 의미한다. 그러므로 하나님의 기업이 되지 못한다는 것을 그 땅을 유산으로 받지 못하는 것만이 아니라 하나님의 백성 공동체에 함께 하지 못하는 것을 말하는 것이다.
19절) 자신을 해하려는 사람들은 다윗에게 가서 다른 신들을 섬기라고 하며 여호와의 기업에 참여하지 못하게 하는데 이에 대해서 다윗은 분노하고 있다. 이는 근동 지역의 사상으로 자신이 살고 있는 땅에서 그 땅의 신을 섬길수 있다는 생각에 바탕을 둔다.
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David seems to be near the end of his endurance. “Serve other gods” reflects the common Near Eastern idea that a god could be worshiped only on its own soil (2 Kings 5:17) and also perhaps the idea that one worships the god of the people among whom one lives. This is not David’s own view, but his report of the views of others who were saying this.
Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 534.
20절) 자신은 죄가 없으니 이제 나를 해하려고 하지 말라고 당부한다. 자신을 잡기 위해서 수많은 이스라엘의 군대를 동원하는 것은 마치 메추라기나 벼룩을 잡기 위해서 군대를 동원하는 것과 같다는 것이다. / 여기에 앞서 24;14에 사용되었던 내용이 반복되어서 표현된다.
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Reiterating a theme expressed in his first encounter with Saul in the Desert of Ziph (cf. 24:14), David asked Saul to put his present actions in proper perspective. The king was squandering precious national resources “to look for a flea,” to hunt “a partridge,”139 and he should stop it.
139 McCarter correctly notes (I Samuel, 408) that David was making a wordplay using הַקֹּרֵא (here = “partridge”). In v. 14 Abner used the same term to mean “who calls.” Thus David became “the partridge”/“the one who calls” in the mountains.
139 McCarter correctly notes (I Samuel, 408) that David was making a wordplay using הַקֹּרֵא (here = “partridge”). In v. 14 Abner used the same term to mean “who calls.” Thus David became “the partridge”/“the one who calls” in the mountains.
Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 258.
21-25절) 이제 다윗의 이야기를 듣고 사울은 자신이 범죄 하였음을 인정한다. / 다윗은 한 소년을 보내어 왕의 물건(창과 물병)을 가져가게 한다.
23절) 공의와 신실을 따라서 갚으시는 하나님 / 뿌린대로 거둘 것에 대한 매우 중요한 다윗의 고백.
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This gracious offer by the triumphant David was accompanied by a brief discourse on the “law of spiritual sowing and reaping,” the last recorded words spoken by David to his royal father-in-law. The major premise in David’s closing words is that “Yahweh returns to a man his righteousness and faithfulness” (v. 23; NIV, “the Lord rewards every man for his righteousness and faithfulness”), a statement that foreshadows Paul’s assertion in Gal 6:7. Because David acted righteously and faithfully by sparing “the Lord’s anointed” when “the Lord delivered” him into David’s hands, David could humbly expect and pray that the Lord would “value [his] life and deliver [him] from all trouble” (v. 24; cf. Ps 54:7).
Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 259.
실제로 다윗이 사울을 선대하였고 이 공의롭고 신실한 행동으로 하나님께서 그를 환난에서 구하신다. 이 사건 이후 사울과 다윗은 서로 만나지 않는다. 공의(righteousness, 체다크)와 신실함(faithfulness, 에무나) / 하나님께서는 지금 이땅 가운데 하나님을 향해서 신실한고 그분의 의를 따르는 이를 찾고 계신다.
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