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The Death of Samuel
25 uNow Samuel died. And all Israel assembled vand mourned for him, and they buried him win his house at xRamah.
David and Abigail
Then David rose and went down to ythe wilderness of Paran. 2 And there was a man in zMaon whose business was in aCarmel. The man was very rich; he had three thousand sheep and a thousand goats. bHe was shearing his sheep in Carmel. 3 Now the name of the man was Nabal, and the name of his wife Abigail. The woman was discerning and beautiful, but the man was harsh and badly behaved; che was a Calebite. 4 David heard in the wilderness that Nabal bwas shearing his sheep. 5 So David sent ten young men. And David said to the young men, “Go up to Carmel, and go to Nabal and greet him in my name. 6 And thus you shall greet him: d‘Peace be to you, and peace be to your house, and peace be to all that you have. 7 I hear that you have shearers. Now your shepherds have been with us, and we did them no harm, eand they missed nothing all the time they were in Carmel. 8 Ask your young men, and they will tell you. Therefore let my young men find favor in your eyes, for we come fon a feast day. Please give whatever you have at hand to your servants and to your son David.’ ”
9 When David’s young men came, they said all this to Nabal in the name of David, and then they waited. 10 And Nabal answered David’s servants, g“Who is David? Who is the son of Jesse? hThere are many servants these days who are breaking away from their masters. 11 Shall I take imy bread and my water and my meat that I have killed for my shearers and give it to jmen who come from I do not know where?” 12 So David’s young men turned away and came back and told him all this. 13 And David said to his men, “Every man strap on his sword!” And every man of them strapped on his sword. David also strapped on his sword. And kabout four hundred men went up after David, kwhile two hundred lremained with the baggage.
14 But one of the young men told Abigail, Nabal’s wife, “Behold, David sent messengers out of the wilderness to greet our master, and he railed at them. 15 Yet the men were very good to us, and we suffered no harm, nand we did not miss anything when we were in the fields, as long as we went with them. 16 They were oa wall to us both by night and by day, all the while we were with them keeping the sheep. 17 Now therefore know this and consider what you should do, pfor harm is determined against our master and against all his house, and he is such qa worthless man that one cannot speak to him.”
18 Then Abigail made haste and took two hundred loaves and two skins of wine and five sheep already prepared and five seahs1 of parched grain and a hundred clusters of raisins and two hundred cakes of figs, and laid them on donkeys. 19 And she said to her young men, “Go on before me; behold, I come after you.” But she did not tell her husband Nabal. 20 And as she rode on the donkey and came down under cover of the mountain, behold, David and his men came down toward her, and she met them. 21 Now David had said, “Surely in vain have I guarded all that this fellow has in the wilderness, rso that nothing was missed of all that belonged to him, and he has sreturned me evil for good. 22 tGod do so to the enemies of David2 and more also, if by morning I leave so much as one male of all who belong to him.”
25 uNow Samuel died. And all Israel assembled vand mourned for him, and they buried him win his house at xRamah.
David and Abigail
Then David rose and went down to ythe wilderness of Paran. 2 And there was a man in zMaon whose business was in aCarmel. The man was very rich; he had three thousand sheep and a thousand goats. bHe was shearing his sheep in Carmel. 3 Now the name of the man was Nabal, and the name of his wife Abigail. The woman was discerning and beautiful, but the man was harsh and badly behaved; che was a Calebite. 4 David heard in the wilderness that Nabal bwas shearing his sheep. 5 So David sent ten young men. And David said to the young men, “Go up to Carmel, and go to Nabal and greet him in my name. 6 And thus you shall greet him: d‘Peace be to you, and peace be to your house, and peace be to all that you have. 7 I hear that you have shearers. Now your shepherds have been with us, and we did them no harm, eand they missed nothing all the time they were in Carmel. 8 Ask your young men, and they will tell you. Therefore let my young men find favor in your eyes, for we come fon a feast day. Please give whatever you have at hand to your servants and to your son David.’ ”
9 When David’s young men came, they said all this to Nabal in the name of David, and then they waited. 10 And Nabal answered David’s servants, g“Who is David? Who is the son of Jesse? hThere are many servants these days who are breaking away from their masters. 11 Shall I take imy bread and my water and my meat that I have killed for my shearers and give it to jmen who come from I do not know where?” 12 So David’s young men turned away and came back and told him all this. 13 And David said to his men, “Every man strap on his sword!” And every man of them strapped on his sword. David also strapped on his sword. And kabout four hundred men went up after David, kwhile two hundred lremained with the baggage.
14 But one of the young men told Abigail, Nabal’s wife, “Behold, David sent messengers out of the wilderness to greet our master, and he railed at them. 15 Yet the men were very good to us, and we suffered no harm, nand we did not miss anything when we were in the fields, as long as we went with them. 16 They were oa wall to us both by night and by day, all the while we were with them keeping the sheep. 17 Now therefore know this and consider what you should do, pfor harm is determined against our master and against all his house, and he is such qa worthless man that one cannot speak to him.”
18 Then Abigail made haste and took two hundred loaves and two skins of wine and five sheep already prepared and five seahs1 of parched grain and a hundred clusters of raisins and two hundred cakes of figs, and laid them on donkeys. 19 And she said to her young men, “Go on before me; behold, I come after you.” But she did not tell her husband Nabal. 20 And as she rode on the donkey and came down under cover of the mountain, behold, David and his men came down toward her, and she met them. 21 Now David had said, “Surely in vain have I guarded all that this fellow has in the wilderness, rso that nothing was missed of all that belonged to him, and he has sreturned me evil for good. 22 tGod do so to the enemies of David2 and more also, if by morning I leave so much as one male of all who belong to him.”
The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 삼상 25:1–22.
1절) 사무엘의 죽음으로 인해서 온 이스라엘이 슬퍼하였고 당시 이스라엘의 풍습과는 다르게 그를 그의 집에 장사지냈다. 사무엘의 죽음이후에 다윗은 사울이 혹시 자신을 다시 죽이려할까 두려워 바란 광야로 내려가게 된다.
2-3절) 나발은 마온사람으로 갈멜에서 양 삼천마리, 염소를 천마리 소유한 부자였다. 그리고 지금은 양털을 깍는 시기였다. 일반적으로 봄과 가을에 털을 깍는다. / 나발이름의 뜻은 어리석은, 불량한 이라는 의미이다. 나발은 갈렙 족속으로 완고하고 행실이 악한 사람이었다. 그의 아내 아비가일은 총명하고 아름다운 여인이었다. 아비가일의 이름의 뜻은 나의 아버지는 기쁨이다(My father is joy)라는 뜻이다.
- 본문은 나발을 갈렙지파라고 말한다. 갈렙은 유다지파로 다윗과 친족관계인 것이다. 말하자면 나발은 다윗과 가까운 관계로 kinsman의 역할을 해야하는 사람이었는데 다윗의 호의를 받아들이지 않고 있는 것이다.
4-8절) 다윗은 나발이 광야에서 양털을 깍는다는 이야기를 듣고 자신의 사람들을 보내서 최대한 정중하게 그에게 문안하고 도움을 청한다. 실제로 광야에서 그들에게 해를 끼치지 않았을 뿐만 아니라 그들을 보호하였다는 사실을 말하고 있다. 지금 다윗은 나발로부터 자발적인 도움을 얻기 위해서 노력하고 있는 중이다.
9-13절) 다윗의 요구를 들은 나발의 반응, 나발은 다윗을 무시하며 그를 도망간 종으로 취급한다. 그러면서 내떡과 내 물, 내 고기를 어디서 온지도 모르는 사람들에게 줄 수 없다고 말한다. 11절을 보면 원어상에는 8개의 일인칭의 단어들이 사용된다. 이는 나발이 얼마나 자기중심적인 이기적인 사람인지를 강조하는 것이다. 이로 인해서 다윗은 자신을 따르는 이들중 2/3인 400명의 군사들을 무장하여 바로 출발한다.
14-19절) 위의 다윗의 반응과 동시에 아비가일도 이 상황을 하인중 하나에게 듣고 반응한다. 그녀는 급히 떡 200덩이, 포도주 2부대, 양 5마리, 볶은 곡식 5세아와 건포도 백송이와 무화가 200충치를 준비하여 다윗에게 나아간다. 남편에게 말하지 않고 이런 행동을 하는 것은 매우 일반적인 행동은 아니다.
20-22절) 다윗의 분노에 찬 반응. 나발의 소유를 지키고 보호한 것이 이제 허사가 되었다. 나의 선을 악으로 갚는 이 행동을 그냥 두지 않겠다. 내일 아침까지 그 집안의 모든 남자들을 멸하겠다라고 맹세하고 있는 것이다.
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first, he evaluated the efforts he put forth to protect Nabal’s property to have been “useless” (v. 21; Hb. laššeqer—lit., “to the lie”); second, he analyzed his interaction with Nabal as being a matter of “good” being paid back with “evil”; finally, he vowed to kill every “male of all who belong to” Nabal.
Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 248.
22절) 이는 저주의 공식인데 만약 어떻게 행동하거나, 그렇지 않다면 이렇게 하나님께서 벌을 내리실 것이다라는 것이다. 그런데 70인역은 "다윗의 원수들”로 되어있다. 아침까지 그들을 멸하지 않으면 하나님께서 나 다윗에게 그와 같은 벌을 내리실 것이다라고 해석 할 수도 있고, 다윗의 원수들에게 벌을 내리실 것이다라고도 해석이 가능하다.
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God do so to the enemies of David and more also is a common conditional curse formula (as in 3:17 and 14:44).
Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 532.
나발의 어리석음 : 나발이 정말 다윗을 몰랐을까? 그럴리가 없다. 수많은 전투에서 승리를 거둔 다윗의 명성을 모를리가 없는데 그는 지금 사울에 의해서 추격당하는 다윗을 멸시하고 있는 것이다. 가까운 친족으로서의 의무를 거부했을뿐만 아니라 정세를 읽거나, 하인들로부터의 이야기에 귀 기울이지 않았고 문제는 제대로 파악하지 못하고 있는 것이다. 이처럼 시세를 읽어내지 못하는 이에게 부와 권력이 있을때는 이것이 오히려 그에게 저주가 될 수 있다.
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