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David at the Cave of Adullam
22 David departed from there and escaped to hthe cave of iAdullam. And when his brothers and all his father’s house heard it, they went down there to him. 2 jAnd everyone who was in distress, and everyone who was in debt, and everyone who was bitter in soul,1 gathered to him. And he became commander over them. And there were with him kabout four hundred men.
3 And David went from there to Mizpeh of Moab. And he said to the king of Moab, “Please let my father and my mother stay2 with you, till I know what God will do for me.” 4 And he left them with the king of Moab, and they stayed with him all the time that David was in the stronghold. 5 Then the prophet lGad said to David, “Do not remain in the stronghold; depart, and go into the land of Judah.” So David departed and went into the forest of Hereth.
Saul Kills the Priests at Nob
6 Now Saul heard that David was discovered, and the men who were with him. Saul was sitting at Gibeah under mthe tamarisk tree on the height with his spear in his hand, and all his servants were standing about him. 7 And Saul said to his servants who stood about him, “Hear now, people of Benjamin; will the son of Jesse ngive every one of you fields and vineyards, will he make you all commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds, 8 that all of you have conspired against me? No one discloses to me owhen my son makes a covenant with the son of Jesse. None of you pis sorry for me or discloses to me that my son has stirred up my servant against me, qto lie in wait, as at this day.” 9 Then answered rDoeg the Edomite, who stood by the servants of Saul, “I saw the son of Jesse scoming to Nob, to tAhimelech the son of Ahitub, 10 uand he inquired of the Lord for him and vgave him provisions and gave him the sword of Goliath the Philistine.”
22 David departed from there and escaped to hthe cave of iAdullam. And when his brothers and all his father’s house heard it, they went down there to him. 2 jAnd everyone who was in distress, and everyone who was in debt, and everyone who was bitter in soul,1 gathered to him. And he became commander over them. And there were with him kabout four hundred men.
3 And David went from there to Mizpeh of Moab. And he said to the king of Moab, “Please let my father and my mother stay2 with you, till I know what God will do for me.” 4 And he left them with the king of Moab, and they stayed with him all the time that David was in the stronghold. 5 Then the prophet lGad said to David, “Do not remain in the stronghold; depart, and go into the land of Judah.” So David departed and went into the forest of Hereth.
Saul Kills the Priests at Nob
6 Now Saul heard that David was discovered, and the men who were with him. Saul was sitting at Gibeah under mthe tamarisk tree on the height with his spear in his hand, and all his servants were standing about him. 7 And Saul said to his servants who stood about him, “Hear now, people of Benjamin; will the son of Jesse ngive every one of you fields and vineyards, will he make you all commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds, 8 that all of you have conspired against me? No one discloses to me owhen my son makes a covenant with the son of Jesse. None of you pis sorry for me or discloses to me that my son has stirred up my servant against me, qto lie in wait, as at this day.” 9 Then answered rDoeg the Edomite, who stood by the servants of Saul, “I saw the son of Jesse scoming to Nob, to tAhimelech the son of Ahitub, 10 uand he inquired of the Lord for him and vgave him provisions and gave him the sword of Goliath the Philistine.”
The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 삼상 22:1–10.
1-5절) 아둘람은 갓과 베들레헴의 중간에 위치한 동굴이다. 이곳은 유다지파의 땅으로 갓으로부터 16km정도 동쪽에 위치했다. 이곳의 험한 삶을 노부가 견디기 힘들었기에 다윗은 자신의 부모를 모압왕에게 맡긴다. 아마도 다윗이 사울을 피해서 도망했고 이로 인해서 사울이 가족들을 위협할 것이 분명했기에 함께 피신시킨 것이다. 모압은 이새의 할머니인 룻의 고향이기도 한다.
- 다윗에게 모인 400명의 사람들은 모두 환난당하고 빚지고 마음이 원통한 자들이었다.
3절) 모압왕이 다윗의 요청을 받아들인 이유, 당시 원수의 원수에게 피할 곳을 제공해주는 것은 관습이었고 뿐만 아니라 다윗의 증조할머니 룻이 모압인이었기 때문이다.
5절) 선지자 갓이 다윗으로 유다땅으로 돌아갈 것을 이야기한 이유는 율법에 모압과 우호적인 조약을 맺는 것이 금지되어 있었기 때문이다(신 23:2-6)
8절) 사울은 지금 자신의 신하들을 신뢰하지 못하고 두려움에 휩싸여있다. 요나단도, 신하들도 모두 다윗의 편이고 자신을 도우려는 이가 없다는 피해망상을 가지고 있어서 하나님을 신뢰하지 못하고 있는 것이다.
9-10절) 에돔사람 도엑이 다윗이 놉에 와서 아히멜렉으로부터 음식과 무기를 공급받았고 아히멜렉이 다윗을 위하여 여호와께 물었다고 말했다. 이를 통해서 다윗이 하나님께 도움을 구하고 의지하고 있다는 것과 아히멜렉이 사울왕의 적에게 자신이 가지고 있는 고유한 권한을 사용한것을 알 수 있다.
선지자 갓
1) 다윗에게 모압에서 유다로 피난처를 옮길 것을 명함(삼상 22장)
2) 하나님의 뜻에 반하여 인구조사를 한 다윗을 책망하고 3가지 재앙중에 선택하게 함(삼하 24장, 7년 기근, 석달 도망, 사흘의 전염병)
3) 다윗이 여부스 사람 아리우나의 타작마당에 제단을 쌓음(삼하 24:18-)
- 하나님의 사람으로 잘못한 일에 대해서 명백하게 지적하는 갓
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