삼상 20:24-42 요나단과의 이별

²⁴ So David hid himself in the field. And when the new moon came, the king sat down to eat food. 25 The king sat on his seat, as at other times, on the seat by the wall. Jonathan sat opposite,⁵ and Abner sat by Saul’s side, ^kbut David’s place was empty.
26 Yet Saul did not say anything that day, for he thought, “Something has happened to him. ^lHe is not clean; surely he is not clean.” 27 But on ^mthe second day, the day after the new moon, ^kDavid’s place was empty. And Saul said to Jonathan his son, “Why has not the son of Jesse come to the meal, either yesterday or today?” 28 Jonathan answered Saul, ⁿ“David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem. 29 He said, ‘Let me go, for our clan holds a sacrifice in the city, and my brother has commanded me to be there. So now, if I have found favor in your eyes, let me get away and see my brothers.’ For this reason he has not come to the king’s table.”
30 Then Saul’s anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said to him, “You son of a perverse, rebellious woman, do I not know that you have chosen the son of Jesse to your own shame, and to the shame of your mother’s nakedness? 31 For as long as the son of Jesse lives on the earth, neither you nor your kingdom shall be established. Therefore send and bring him to me, for he shall surely die.” 32 Then Jonathan answered Saul his father, ^o“Why should he be put to death? What has he done?” 33 ^pBut Saul hurled his spear at him to strike him. So Jonathan knew ^qthat his father was determined to put David to death. 34 And Jonathan rose from the table in fierce anger and ate no food the second day of the month, for he was grieved for David, because his father had disgraced him.
35 In the morning Jonathan went out into the field to the appointment with David, and with him a little boy. 36 And he said to his boy, “Run and find the arrows that I shoot.” As the boy ran, he shot an arrow beyond him. 37 And when the boy came to the place of the arrow that Jonathan had shot, Jonathan called after the boy and said, ^r“Is not the arrow beyond you?” 38 And Jonathan called after the boy, “Hurry! Be quick! Do not stay!” So Jonathan’s boy gathered up the arrows and came to his master. 39 But the boy knew nothing. Only Jonathan and David knew the matter. 40 And Jonathan gave his weapons to his boy and said to him, “Go and carry them to the city.” 41 And as soon as the boy had gone, David rose from beside the stone heap⁶ and fell on his face to the ground and bowed three times. And they kissed one another and wept with one another, David weeping the most. 42 Then Jonathan said to David, ^s“Go in peace, because we have sworn both of us in the name of the Lord, saying, ^t‘The Lord shall be between me and you, ^uand between my offspring and your offspring, forever.’ ” And he rose and departed, and Jonathan went into the city.⁷

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 삼상 20:24–42.

26절) 사울은 다윗이 이 식사 자리에 나오지 못할 이유(부정한 상황)가 있을 것이라고 생각했다. 

-  David, for the king assumed that David would follow Torah regulations as a matter of course. David, a devout man, was absent at a ritual meal; the Torah prohibited the consumption of a ritual meal during times of ritual uncleanness (Lev 7:20–21), so “surely he is unclean.” This ceremonial uncleanness could be caused by accidental contact with anything ritually unclean or detestable, including such diverse things as forbidden insects (Lev 11:24), moist seeds that had come in contact with a dead animal (Lev 11:38), another unclean person (Lev 15:11), and a human corpse (Num 19:14–16), to name but a few. Seminal emissions, including those resulting from routine marital contact (Lev 15:16, 18) as well as certain skin diseases (Lev 13:11, 36), would also have caused David to be in a state of ritual uncleanness.

 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 217.

- 금지된 벌레나 죽은 동물과 접촉한 씨앗, 부정한 사람이나 시체를 만질때 혹은 성관계를 가졌거나 어떤 피부병이 있을때 부정하다 여겨서 이런 자리에 참석할 수 없었다. 

27-29절) 이튿날도 다윗이 없는 것을 인지한 사울이 가장 친한 친구이자 아들인 요나단에게 묻는다. 이때부터 사울은 굉장히 적대적인 자세로 아들을 추궁한다. 이에 요나단은 자신의 허락하에 가족의 제사일로 베들레헴으로 돌아가 이자리에 참석하지 못했다고 해명하지만 이를 탐탁하게 여기지 않는다. 

30-34절) 요나단의 대답에 대단히 화를 내는 사울, 다윗을 두둔하는 요나단에게 그 어머니를 거론하면서 까지 화를 내고 있다. 사울은 다윗의 존재가 자신뿐만 아니라 아들의 왕위에 걸림돌이 될 것이라 여겨 그를 죽이려고 하고 있는 것이다. 이에 대해 요나단이 다윗을 왜 죽이려고 하는지 묻자 사울은 다윗에게 했던 것과 같이 자신의 단창을 던져 요나단을 죽이려고 한다. 이에 요나단은 왕의 마음이 다윗을 죽이기로 결심했음을 알고 이제 노하여 식탁을 떠나 그날 금식하며 슬퍼하였다. 

33절) 화평이 아니라 검을 주러 오신 주님, 집안 식구가 원수가 되는 상황

-  The conflict with Jonathan prefigures the conflict within households over loyalty to Christ (Matt. 10:34–39).

 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 526.

35-42절) 다윗과 약속한대로 종을 데리고 들판에 나가서 화살을 쏘며 이것을 종으로 하여금 주워오게 시킨다. 이어 “지체말고 빨리 달음질 하라”고 덧붙인다. 종은 영문도 모르고 화살을 주워왔고 이제 돌아간 후에 다윗과 요나단이 마지막으로 서로 작별인사를 하게 된다. 이과정에 다윗은 세번 절한후에 입맞추고 서로 울며 “여호와께서 함께 하시기를”하며 평안을 빈다. 이들 사이의 약속은 둘만이 아니라 이후 자손대대로 이어질것을 맹세한다. 

-  “Hurry! Be quick! Do not stay!” 원래 약속에도 없던 말을 하는데 이는 상태의 심각성과 시급함을 드러낸다. 

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 삼상 20:38.

-  “Go in peace, because we have sworn both of us in the name of the Lord, saying, ^t‘The Lord shall be between me and you, ^uand between my offspring and your offspring, forever.’ ” 요나단이 마지막으로 다윗에게 한 인사. 서로 이제 얼굴과 얼굴을 맛대고 보는 것은 마지막이라는 생각에 안타까와하며 복을 빌고 하나님의 은혜가 자신들 둘만이 아니라 대대로 이어질것을 바라고 있는 것이다. 

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 삼상 20:42.

사울의 위협과 반대, 적극적인 시도속에도 하나님의 구원 계획은 실패하거나 멈추지 않는다. 그리고 이 과정에서 다윗과 요나단의 우정은 더욱 빛나 보이고, 이들의 우정때문에 이후에 사울 가문이 보호를 받게 된다. 

이런 친구를 가질 수 있다면, 나는 이런 친구가 되어주었는가?