삼상 7:1-11절 이스라엘을 다스리는 사무엘(사사, 선지자, 제사장)

7 And the men of Kiriath-jearim came and took up the ark of the Lord and brought it to the house of ^aAbinadab on the hill. And they consecrated his son Eleazar to have charge of the ark of the Lord. ² From the day that the ark was lodged at Kiriath-jearim, a long time passed, some twenty years, and all the house of Israel lamented after the Lord. 

³ And Samuel said to all the house of Israel, ^b“If you are returning to the Lord with all your heart, then ^cput away the foreign gods and the ^dAshtaroth from among you and ^edirect your heart to the Lord ^fand serve him only, and he will deliver you out of the hand of the Philistines.” ⁴ So the people of Israel put away the Baals and the Ashtaroth, and they served the Lord only.
⁵ Then Samuel said, “Gather all Israel at ^gMizpah, and I will pray to the Lord for you.” ⁶ So they gathered at ^gMizpah ^hand drew water and poured it out before the Lord ⁱand fasted on that day and said there, ^j“We have sinned against the Lord.” And Samuel judged the people of Israel at Mizpah. ⁷ Now when the Philistines heard that the people of Israel had gathered at Mizpah, the lords of the Philistines went up against Israel. And when the people of Israel heard of it, they were afraid of the Philistines. ⁸ And the people of Israel said to Samuel, “Do not cease to cry out to the Lord our God for us, that he may save us from the hand of the Philistines.” ⁹ So Samuel took a nursing lamb and offered it as a whole burnt offering to the Lord. And ^kSamuel cried out to the Lord for Israel, and the Lord answered him. ¹⁰ As Samuel was offering up the burnt offering, the Philistines drew near to attack Israel. ^lBut the Lord thundered with a mighty sound that day against the Philistines and threw them into confusion, and they were defeated before Israel. ¹¹ And the men of Israel went out from Mizpah and pursued the Philistines and struck them, as far as below Beth-car.

^a 2 Sam. 6:3
^b 1 Kgs. 8:48; Isa. 55:7; Hos. 6:1; Joel 2:12; See Deut. 30:2–10
^c Gen. 35:2; Josh. 24:14, 23; [Judg. 10:16]
^d Judg. 2:13
^e [2 Chr. 19:3; 30:19; Ezra 7:10]
^f Deut. 6:13; 10:20; 13:4; Cited Matt. 4:10; Luke 4:8
^g [Judg. 20:1]
^g [See ver. 5 above]
^h [2 Sam. 14:14]
ⁱ ch. 31:13; Neh. 9:1
^j Judg. 10:10
^k Ps. 99:6; Jer. 15:1
^l ch. 2:10; [2 Sam. 22:14, 15; Ps. 18:13]

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 삼상 7.

2절과 3절 사이에 얼마나 시간의 간격이 있는가? 본문 2절에서 기럇여아림에 궤가 20년동안 있었는데 사무엘이 이스라엘을 다스리기 시작한 것은 어느 시점인가? 

2절)  and all the house of Israel lamented after the Lord. 하나님으로 인한 슬픔, 근심. 뉘우침. 

하나님의 궤로 인해서 모든 이스라엘이 슬퍼 뉘우침.

고후 7:10 하나님의 뜻대로 하는 근심은 후회할 것이 없는 구원에 이르게 하는 회개를 이루는 것이요 세상 근심은 사망을 이루는 것이니라

3절) 전심으로 여호와께 돌아오려거든(Returning to the Lord)

1) 우상을 제거하고, 2) 마음을 주께로 향하고, 3) 오직 그분, 주님만을 섬기라.  (온전한 회개)

Returning here is the act of repentance, i.e., a change of direction back to the Lord. Samuel gives three commands: (1) turn away from idolatry; (2) direct the heart to the Lord; and (3) serve him alone (see Deut. 6:4–15; Josh. 24:14–28; Judg. 10:6–16). Foreign gods and the Ashtaroth refers to the totality of idols. The Baals and the Ashtaroth has the same meaning.

 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 502.

3-6절) 사무엘의 요청에 바알과 아스다롯을 제거하고 이제 미스바에 모인 이스라엘 백성들, 그곳에서 물을 길어 여호와께 붓고 종일 금식하며 회개함, 이어 사무엘이 미스바에서 이스라엘을 다스림/ 하나님의 온전한 다스림을 받기 위해서는 반드시 자신의 죄를 온전히 회개해야만 한다. 미스바에서의 사무엘의 행동은 모세의 행동(출 17-18)과 비슷하다. 

7-8절) 미스바에 모인 이스라엘을 치러 올라오는 블레셋, 이로 인해 사무엘에게 구원을 청하는 이스라엘 백성들, 이로써 사무엘은 사사이자 선지자로서의 역할을 온전히 수행한다. 

9-11절) 이제 사무엘은 제사장의 역할도 수행한다. 어린양을 가져다 온전한 번제를 하나님께 드리고 이스라엘을 위하여 부르짖으매 여호와께서 블레셋에게 큰 우레를 발하심으로 전쟁을 승리로 이끄셨다. 

Because the peoples of the ancient Near East believed that every military combat involved a conflict being played out on two planes, the human (terrestrial) and the divine (atmospheric), any unusual meteorological phenomenon during a military operation would naturally be interpreted as evidence of a deity at work (cf. Josh 10:11; Judg 5:4, 20–21). The loud, unexpected thunder was immediately understood by the Philistines as a bad omen, and it “threw them into such a panic that they were routed before the Israelites.”

 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 108.

본장은 이제 본격적으로 사무엘이 이스라엘의 사사요, 제사장이요 선지자로의 역할을 공식적으로 수행하는 장면이다. 이스라엘에 공식적으로 회개를 촉구하고 하나님께 온전한 번제를 드리고 또한 이스라엘의 구원을 위해서 전심으로 간구함으로 하나님께서 역사하시는 것이다. 결국 하나님의 역사는 물리적인 궤의 유무에 있는 것이 아니라 당신의 백성이 얼마나 하나님을 의뢰하고 죄에서 돌이키느냐에 달려있다는 것을 보여준다.