요 12:44-50 무엇을 보고, 무엇을 믿고 있습니까?

Jesus Came to Save the World
⁴⁴ And Jesus cried out and said, ^z“Whoever believes in me, believes not in me but ^ain him who sent me. 45 And ^bwhoever ^csees me sees him who sent me. 46 ^dI have come into the world as light, so that whoever believes in me may not remain in darkness. 47 If anyone ^ehears my words and does not keep them, ^fI do not judge him; for ^gI did not come to judge the world but to save the world. 48 ^hThe one who rejects me and does not receive my words has a judge; ⁱthe word that I have spoken will judge him ^jon the last day. 49 For ^kI have not spoken on my own authority, but the Father ^lwho sent me has himself given me ^ma commandment—what to say and what to speak. 50 And I know that his commandment is eternal life. What I say, therefore, I say as the Father has told me.”

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 요 12:44–50.

44-45절) “나를 믿는 자는 나를 믿는 것이 아니라 나를 보내신 이를 믿는 것이며 / 나를 보는 자는 나를 보내신 이를 보는 것이다” 본문은 믿는 것과 보는 것에 대해서 이야기 하고 있다. 요한복음 전체에서 아버지와 아들과의 관계를 밝히는데 둘은 하나이면서(10:30), 아들의 사명은 바로 보내신 분, 하나님을 알게 하는 것이다. 

-  Moreover, the idea that Jesus had been sent on mission to   p 68  represent God and to “make him known” is a theme that is introduced in the concluding verse of the Prologue (1:8). The verbs for “sent” (apostellein and pempein) form a continual refrain in the Gospel (e.g., 3:17, 34; 4:34; 5:23, 24, 30, 36–38; 6:29, 38–39, 44, 57; etc.). Behind this type of statement stands a concept of Jesus as an agent of God in the carrying out of God’s purposes on earth.^92
92 For an excellent dissertation on the subject of Jesus as God’s agent in John see J. R. Venema, “An Apologetic Role for Agency in John Five,” Ph.D. diss, Golden Gate Baptist Theological Seminary, 1995.

 Gerald L. Borchert, John 12–21, vol. 25B, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2002), 67–68.

“믿는것과 보는 것”은 요한복음에 매우 중요한 주제이다. 

-  The important themes of seeing and believing are clearly interrelated in this Gospel and are basic to understanding what accepting Jesus is all about. The presence of believing in this Gospel is so fundamental that John builds his purpose statement around its necessity (20:31). The idea of seeing is nuanced in a number of ways. It is used as the means for focusing on the signs of Jesus (2:23), serves as a bridge to believing (9:35–38), and acts as a symbol and powerful contrast to blindness and its consequent judgment (9:39–41). As one reaches the conclusion of the Gospel, one is reminded again by the risen Jesus that mere physical sight is not the intention of this presentation (20:29; cf. 2:23–25).

 Gerald L. Borchert, John 12–21, vol. 25B, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2002), 68.

46절) 빛으로 세상에 오신 주님, 그러므로 주님을 믿는 자는 어두움에 거하지 않는다. 

- 우리는 빛이신 주님을 믿기에 어두움에 거할 수 없고, 거해서도 안된다. 또한 주님이 오신 이유가 바로 우리를 어둠에 거하지 않게 하기 위해서 이다. 

47-48절) 예수님이 세상에 오신 이유는 요 3:17에 분명하게 언급된다. 

(요 3:17, 개정) 『하나님이 그 아들을 세상에 보내신 것은 세상을 심판하려 하심이 아니요 그로 말미암아 세상이 구원을 받게 하려 하심이라』

본문 48절의 경우 번역본에 따라서 ‘나를 저버리고 내 말을 받지 않는 자는 심판을 받게 된다’로 번역되기도 하고 ‘나를 저버리고 내 말을 받지 않는 자를 심판하는 자가 있다’로 번역될 수도 있다. 그리고 결국 주님이 하신 말씀이 마지막 날에 심판하게 될 것이다. 

-  It is possible to agree with Brown that 12:48 contains a sense of both realized and futuristic eschatology.⁹³ If a person who rejects Jesus already is judged by his words, then I would argue that, in agreement with the evangelist’s statement at 3:18, such a person is already condemned and the wrath of God remains or stays upon him (3:36). On the other hand, John states that there is a sense in which judgment will be finalized on “the last day.” As one might expect, Bultmann cannot envisage a futuristic eschatology and therefore assigns the “last day” statement here to an “ecclesiastical editor” in the same manner as he dismissed the futuristic statements of John concerning the resurrection to life and to judgment (5:29).⁹⁴ But future reward and punishment, though not at center stage here as in the book of Revelation, are nonetheless fundamental realities for the evangelist. This world and the present are not the only realities of existence, and the reader is forthrightly warned here not to forget the future.
⁹³ Cf. Brown, John, 1.491.
⁹⁴ See Bultmann, John, 345, n.6.

 Gerald L. Borchert, John 12–21, vol. 25B, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2002), 69.

49-50절) 예수님께서 자신의 메시지가 어디로부터 온 것인지를 다시 밝히고 있다. 그분은 철저히 보냄을 받은 자로서 하나님께서 주시는 메시지를 전달하고 있다. 주님은 세상에 영생을 주러 오셨는데 자신의 말이나 행동을 하지 않았다. 

-  The message of Jesus did not originate with him. Like a shaliach, “sent one,” “messenger,” or “agent,” he was the unique Son of God who was sent by God to provide the world with eternal life (3:16; cf. the purpose statement at 20:31). He did not speak or act on his own (5:19). Like a faithful representative, he acted in conformity to the will of the one who sent him (5:30; 7:16–17).

 Gerald L. Borchert, John 12–21, vol. 25B, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2002), 69.

하나님께서 아들 예수님께 주신 명령이 바로 영생이다. 이 영생을 주기 위해서, 말씀을 듣고 이를 통해 그분을 알고 믿게 하기 위해서 오신 것이다. 주님께서도 하나님께서 주신 명령을 가감없이 전하기 위해서 노력하시는데 하물며 우리들은 더욱 노력해야 한다. 하나님의 말씀에 우리의 생각을 투사하거나 도리어 나의 생각을 강화하기 위한 수단으로 말씀을 사용하는 것은 죄다.