요 5:30-47 예수님의 자신에 대한 증거와 증인들

Witnesses to Jesus
^30 d“I can do nothing on my own. As I hear, I judge, and ^emy judgment is just, because ^fI seek not my own will ^gbut the will of him who sent me. ^31 hIf I alone bear witness about myself, my testimony is not true. ³² There is ⁱanother who bears witness about me, and ^jI know that the testimony that he bears about me is true. ^33 kYou sent to John, and he has borne witness to the truth. ³⁴ Not that ^lthe testimony that I receive is from man, but I say these things so that you may be saved. ³⁵ He was a burning and ^mshining lamp, and ⁿyou were willing to rejoice for a while in his light. ³⁶ But ^lthe testimony that I have is greater than that of John. For ^othe works that the Father has given me ^pto accomplish, the very works that I am doing, ^qbear witness about me that ^rthe Father has sent me. ³⁷ And the Father who sent me ^shas himself borne witness about me. His voice you have never heard, ^this form you have never seen, ³⁸ and ^uyou do not have his word abiding in you, for you do not believe the one whom he has sent. ^39 vYou search the Scriptures because you think that in them you have eternal life; and ^wit is they that bear witness about me, ⁴⁰ yet ^xyou refuse to come to me that you may have life. ^41 yI do not receive glory from people. ⁴² But ^zI know that you do not have ^athe love of God within you. ⁴³ I have come ^bin my Father’s name, and ^cyou do not receive me. ^dIf another comes in his own name, you will receive him. ⁴⁴ How can you believe, when you receive glory from one another and ^edo not seek the glory that comes from ^fthe only God? ⁴⁵ Do not think that I will accuse you to the Father. There is one who accuses you: Moses, ^gon whom you have set your hope. ⁴⁶ For if you believed Moses, you would believe me; for ^hhe wrote of me. ⁴⁷ But ⁱif you do not believe his writings, how will you believe my words?”

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 요 5:30–47.

30절) 이 짧은 구절에 일인칭 단수 형태로 주님께서 직접 증거하신다. 영어에서는 8번( “By myself,” “I can do nothing,” “I judge,” “I hear,” “my judgment,” “I seek,” “not to please myself,” “who sent me.”), 헬라어에서는 9번이 사용된다. 

31절) 셀프 증거는 참된 증거로 인정 받을 수 없다. 그래서 구약에서도 다수의 증인을 요구했다. 

-  Jesus’ statement is in keeping with OT teaching regarding the need for multiple witnesses (Deut. 17:6; 19:15; cf. Num. 35:30).

 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2032.

32절) 결국 이후 구절 속에서 예수님께서 증인으로 소환한 대상은 먼저는 세례 요한(33-35)이고, 예수의 역사(36) 또한 하나님 아버지(37), 성경(39) 특별히 모세 율법(45)이다. 

33-35절) 첫 증인은 바로 세례요한이다. 

예수님께서 직접 말씀하신 요한의 정체성은 바로 불타고 비추이는(burning and shining lamp) 등불이다. 요한 본인이 빛이 아님을 잘 알고 있었다.( 3:28-30) 결국 그 빛은 그분의 오심을 예비하고 비추이는 역할을 하는 것이다. 신랑이 오기를 기다리며 등불을 준비해야 하는 것이다.(마 25:3-4)

-  The first stories of this Gospel involved John the Baptizer, whose role was defined as that of witness (1:7) and who uttered the first significant testimony concerning Jesus, “the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world” (1:29). In reintroducing this witness, the opponents were reminded that they had sought out John and that he “testified to the truth” (5:33). Their own investigation should have prepared them for this truth. But although they listened to John and willingly rejoiced (ēthelēsate agalliathēnai) during his hour (hōra), his burning testimony (5:35)⁴³ obviously had no lasting effect upon them.

The themes of witness, light, and truth are all linked here in support of the claims of Jesus. But the reader is quickly reminded that the authority of Jesus is not dependent on human acknowledgment. If that were the case, then the hope of human salvation would be in trouble (5:34). But salvation is from God and is not based on mere human testimony.

 Gerald L. Borchert, John 1–11, vol. 25A, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 244–245.

36절) 요한의 증거보다 더 큰 증거는 바로 예수께서 직접 행하신 역사이다. 왜냐하면 그 역사가 아버지께서 예수님을 보내신 것을 증거하기 때문이다. 수많은 이들이 예수의 역사와 가르침을 보고 들으며 이러한 권세와 능력이 하나님으로 말미암지 않으면 불가능하다는 것을 고백했다.(니고데모, 사마리아 여인의 증거) 

37-38절) 세번째 증인은 바로 아버지 하나님이시다. 하지만 이 증인은 인간들로서 인식하기 어렵다. 왜냐하면 하나님과 직접적으로, 육체적으로 보고 듣는 것은 구약을 통해서 일부 증거되기는 했지만 불가능하기 때문이다. 뿐만 아니라 그 말씀이 이들 속에 거하지 않기때문이다. 구약에 직접 족장들과 선지자들에게 말씀하셨지만 중간기를 거치면서 하나님의 직접적인 음성이 없었다. 따라서 유대인들은 전통을 의지하게 되었고 그들의 삶가운데 꿰뚫고 들어오신 하나님이신 주님을 받아들수가 없었던 것이다. 

-  In other words, Jesus turned a defense into a charge. His testimony, he argued, would not work with them because they would not let it work. Accordingly, they were unable to experience the kind of encounters (“hear” and “see” God) that marked the lives of the patriarchs, Moses, and the prophets. The maxim that often has been applied to the post-Old Testament (intertestamental) era and could apply to these opponents was: There was no new word from God to them.⁴⁶ They relied on tradition and could not accept the testimony of the in-breaking of God into their lives.
⁴⁶ R. H. Charles categorized the period following the OT canon and the development of the apocalyptic period by this designation. Cf. the similar idea at the time of Eli in 1 Sam 3:1 (see The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha [Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913], 2. viii–ix, and esp. p. 163).

 Gerald L. Borchert, John 1–11, vol. 25A, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 245–246.

* 예수의 증인들

1. John the Baptist	5:32–36; cf. 1:7–8, 15, 19, 32–34; 3:26
2. Jesus’ own works	5:36; cf. 10:25, 32, 37–38; 15:24
3. God the Father	5:37–38; 8:18
4. The Scriptures, esp. by Moses	5:39, 45–47
5. Jesus himself	3:11, 32; 8:14, 18; 18:37
6. The Spirit	14:26; 15:26; 16:8–11, 13–14
7. The disciples, esp. John	15:27; 19:35; 21:24

39-40절) 성경연구 자체가 영생을 보장하지는 않는다. 바로 성경이 생명을 주시는 분, 바로 예수님을 증거하고 있는 것이다. 따라서 우리는 성경연구를 통해서 성경 지식만을 얻는 것이 아니라 예수에 대한 올바른 믿음과 이에 따라 그 말씀에 순종하고 변화된 삶을 살게 된다. 

-  Eleven texts of Matthew are formula texts concerning Jesus (1:22; 2:15, 17, 23; 4:14; 8:17; 12:17; 13:35; 21:4; 26:56; 27:9). Two are virtually formula texts (2:5; 21:42), and two additional texts are related to fulfillment (5:17; 21:16). Also three fulfillment texts are related to John the Baptist (3:3; 11:10; 17:10–12), and two are related to others (13:14; 15:7).

 Gerald L. Borchert, John 1–11, vol. 25A, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996).

여기서 이야기하는 성경은 어떤 성경을 말하는 것인가? 우리는 지금 신,구약 66권의 성경을 가지고 이것을 통해서 영생의 말씀을 상고하지만 이들이 말하는 성경은 “모세와 선지자들의 글”이었다. 

43-44절) 예수에 대한 올바른 지식과 믿음, 성경 연구가 선행되지 않을때 우리는 거짓 선지자를 따르게 된다. 예수를 송사하는 이들이 주님을 믿을 수 없는 이유는 하나님께로부터 오는 영광을 구하지 않고 서로 영광을 취하기 때문이다. 

45-47절) 모세를 믿었다면 예수를 믿었을 것이다. 왜냐하면 모세가 주님에 대하여 기록하고 있기 때문이다. 그렇기에 모세의 글을 믿지 않는다면 예수의 말을 믿을 수 없는 것이다.