삼상 29:1-11 다윗을 거부하는 블레셋

The Philistines Reject David
29 ^dNow the Philistines had gathered all their forces at ^eAphek. And the Israelites were encamped by ^fthe spring that is in ^gJezreel. 2 As ^hthe lords of the Philistines were passing on by hundreds and by thousands, and David and his men were passing on in the rear ⁱwith Achish, 3 the commanders of the Philistines said, “What are these Hebrews doing here?” And Achish said to the commanders of the Philistines, “Is this not David, the servant of Saul, king of Israel, who has been with me ^jnow for days and years, and since he deserted to me ^kI have found no fault in him to this day.” 4 But ^hthe commanders of the Philistines were angry with him. And the commanders of the Philistines said to him, “Send the man back, that he may return ^lto the place to which you have assigned him. He shall not go down with us to battle, ^mlest in the battle he become an adversary to us. For how could this fellow reconcile himself to his lord? Would it not be with the heads of the men here? 5 Is not this David, of whom they sing to one another in dances,
ⁿ‘Saul has struck down his thousands,
and David his ten thousands’?”
⁶ Then Achish called David and said to him, ^o“As the Lord lives, you have been honest, and to me it seems right that ^pyou should march out and in with me in the campaign. For I have found nothing wrong in you from the day of your coming to me to this day. Nevertheless, the lords do not approve of you. ⁷ So go back now; and go peaceably, that you may not displease the lords of the Philistines.” ⁸ And David said to Achish, “But what have I done? What have you found in your servant from the day I entered your service until now, that I may not go and fight against the enemies of my lord the king?” ⁹ And Achish answered David and said, “I know that you are as blameless in my sight ^qas an angel of God. Nevertheless, ^rthe commanders of the Philistines have said, ‘He shall not go up with us to the battle.’ ¹⁰ Now then rise early in the morning ^swith the servants of your lord who came with you, and start early in the morning, and depart as soon as you have light.” ¹¹ So David set out with his men early in the morning to return to the land of the Philistines. But the Philistines went up to ^tJezreel.

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 삼상 29:1–11.

1절) 본문의 내용은 28:1-2절과 연결된다. 블레셋이 아벡에 진치고 이스라엘 사람들은 이스르엘의 아마도 하롯 샘에 진 친 것으로 보인다.(삿 7:1) 이 상황에서 앞서 사울은 블레셋의 침공이 두려원 신접한 여인을 찾아갔고 블레셋의 방백들은 사울의 신하인 다윗을 거부하고 있는 것이다. 

3-4절) 블레셋 방백들은 지금 아기스에게 나아와서 사울의 신하인 다윗을 고소한다. 하지만 아기스는 자신과 함께 있는동안 다윗의 충성을 보았기에 그를 좋게 여기고 있다. 하지만 블레셋 방백들이 그를 싫어하고 두려워하여 다윗을 돌려보내게 된다. 지금 다윗은 아기스의 부하로 충성을 보이는 상황에서 이스라엘과의 전투가 벌어지면 내부 반란을 통해서 자신들을 해할 것을 두려워하고 있는 것이다. 지금 하나님께서는 대적들을 통해서 다윗의 고민을 해결해주고 계시는 것이다. 다윗 또한 이 전투가 벌어지면 자신이 이스라엘과 싸워야 하는지에 대해서 고민하고 있었다. 그런데 블레셋이 다윗을 거부하여 자연스럽게 아기스 왕의 휘하에서 벗어날 수 있게 된다. / 다윗이 사울의 휘하에 들어가기 위해서 자신들의 머리를 취할 것이라고 생각하며 두려워하고 있다. 

-  One can see the hand of the Lord working even through the Philistine commanders to keep David from fighting the Lord’s people, which he had managed to avoid doing so far. That would probably have shut him off from being accepted by Israel as king (27:8–12) and would have been a terrible evil (see note on 25:32–35).

 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 537.

블레셋이 다윗 일행을 두려워하는 이유, 이미 14:20-21에서 자신들의 본진에 들어와 혼란을 일으켜 서로 죽게 만드는 사건을 경험한 바있다. 

-  However, when the other Philistine commanders learned that “Hebrews” (v. 3) were in their ranks, they immediately raised some serious questions—and with good reason. In a previous battle against Saul and the Israelites, the Philistines had allowed some Hebrews who had been under their protection to join their army, and the results had been catastrophic. Hebrew soldiers wearing Philistine markings and armed with Philistine weapons had turned against their hosts in the heat of battle and had begun killing them (cf. 14:21). The chaos and confusion that resulted from that mistake caused the Philistines to kill many of their own men (cf. 14:20).

 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 271.

David Recovers Plunder from the Amalekites

As David and his men sought refuge in Philistia, the Philistines gathered their forces at Aphek to attack the Israelites. The Philistine commanders, skeptical of David’s loyalty in battle against his fellow Israelites, sent him to his home in Ziklag. When David arrived, he discovered that the Amalekites had raided the Negeb and burned Ziklag to the ground, carrying away many captives and belongings. David and his men pursued them, crossing the Besor Brook and attacking the Amalekites. He recovered all that had been taken, returned to Ziklag, and sent a portion of the spoils to the leaders of towns in the region (the locations of Bethel, Siphmoth, Racal, and Athach are unknown).

 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 537.

7절) 다윗에게 세가지 명령을 하는 아기스 

-  Achish issued three brief orders to David: “return” to Ziklag, “go peacefully,” and “do nothing the Philistine rulers would consider evil” (v. 7).

 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 272.

8절) 아기스와의 대화에서 다윗이 말하는 내 주 왕은 누구인가? 보편적으로 아기스이면서 동시에 사울을 의미할 수도 있다. / 아기스와 사울은 매우 비슷하고 대조가 된다. 다윗은 둘의 호위대장, 보디가드의 역할을 했다. 둘을 위해 싸워 많은 업적을 세웠지만 결국 파면당하는 신세가 되기도 한다. 가장 신뢰받았던 인물이면서 동시에 가장 위험한 대적이 되기도 한 것이다. 

10-11절) 결국 다윗과 일행은 새벽에 아기스의 진영을 떠나 블레셋 사람의 땅으로 돌아가고 블레셋 사람들은 이스르엘로 올라가게 된다. 서로의 위치가 바뀌는 것이다. 

결국 이 사건을 통해서 하나님께서는 다윗에게 신적인 알리바이를 제공해주고 계신 것이다. 만약에 블레셋 방백들의 반대와 거부가 없었다면 다윗은 사울 왕가의 몰락에 개입되고 동족들의 피를 손에 묻혔을 것이다. 결국 사울이 죽던 날 다윗과 그의 일행들은 멀리 떨어진 곳에서 아말렉을 공격하여 하나님의 율법을 성취하고 있었던 것이다.

- The events of this chapter must be viewed as the providential supply of an alibi, excusing David from any involvement in the death of king Saul. This chapter answers any who might have accused David of conspiring with the Philistines to bring about the downfall of the Saulide dynasty. The events indicate that David could not and did not assist the Philistines in armed hostilities against the Israelites or their king. In fact, on the day of Saul’s death David and his men were a hundred miles away killing Amalekites,¹⁵⁸ fulfilling a Torah command that Saul had neglected (cf. 15:18–19; Exod 17:15–16; Deut 25:17–19).
¹⁵⁸ Cf. chart at 2 Samuel 1.

 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 273.