삼상 27:1-12 사울을 피해 블레셋으로 피신하는 다윗

David Flees to the Philistines
27 Then David said in his heart, “Now I shall perish one day by the hand of Saul. There is nothing better for me than that I should escape to the land of the Philistines. Then Saul will despair of seeking me any longer within the borders of Israel, and I shall escape out of his hand.” ² So David arose and went over, he and ^uthe six hundred men who were with him, ^vto Achish the son of Maoch, king of Gath. 3 And David lived with Achish at Gath, he and his men, every man with his household, and David with ^whis two wives, Ahinoam of Jezreel, and Abigail of Carmel, Nabal’s widow. 4 And when it was told Saul that David had fled to Gath, he no longer sought him.
5 Then David said to Achish, “If ^xI have found favor in your eyes, let a place be given me in one of the country towns, that I may dwell there. For why should your servant dwell in the royal city with you?” 6 So that day Achish gave him ^yZiklag. Therefore Ziklag has belonged to the kings of Judah to this day. 7 ^zAnd the number of the days that David lived in the country of the Philistines was a year and four months.
8 Now David ^aand his men went up and made raids against ^bthe Geshurites, ^cthe Girzites, and ^dthe Amalekites, for these were the inhabitants of the land from of old, ^eas far as Shur, to the land of Egypt. 9 And David would strike the land and would leave neither man nor woman alive, but would take away the sheep, the oxen, the donkeys, the camels, and the garments, and come back to Achish. 10 When Achish asked, “Where have you ^fmade a raid today?” David would say, “Against the Negeb of Judah,” or, “Against the Negeb of ^gthe Jerahmeelites,” or, “Against the Negeb of ^hthe Kenites.” 11 And David would leave neither man nor woman alive to bring news to Gath, thinking, “lest they should tell about us and say, ‘So David has done.’ ” Such was his custom all the while he lived in the country of the Philistines. 12 And Achish trusted David, thinking, “He has made himself an utter stench to his people Israel; therefore he shall always be my servant.”

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 삼상 27:1–12.

1절) 사울과의 병적인 싸움을 마치기 위해서 다윗은 이스라엘 땅을 떠나 블레셋으로 가게 된다. 갓은 십 광야에서 북동쪽으로 40km지점에 있는 곳이다. 

1-4절) 사울을 피해서 갓으로 도망한 것이 이번이 처음이 아니다. 하지만 처음에는 단신으로 갔었고 그때는 그 의중을 모르던 아기스왕이 적대적이었지만 이번에는 사울로부터 쫓기는 것을 알고 있기에 다윗을 반겼다. 원수의 원수는 친구다라는 말이 적용되는 지점이다. 

/ 다윗은 자신을 따르던 600여명과 그 식솔들을 데리고 이곳으로 왔다. 가족들을 두고 왔을때 사울이 어떤 일을 하는지 알고 있었기에 두 아내를 대동했고 이 사실을 알고 사울은 이제 다윗을 추격하는 것을 그쳤다.

- David’s latest action marked the second time he had fled to Gath in order to escape Saul (cf. 21:10). Yet this time both David’s circumstances and his reception were different. The first time he had entered Gath armed and alone from the royal household in Gibeah—a circumstance that appeared threatening to Achish, who knew nothing of the conflict between Saul and David.

However, this time David was entering as an infamous outlaw—a would-be usurper of Saul’s throne who was so feared by the Israelite monarch that he had repeatedly sent thousands of men into the desert to track David down. The Philistines’ awareness of this conflict is evidenced by their timing a raid on Israel to coincide with one of Saul’s forays against David (cf. 23:27–28). Acting in accordance with the timeless dictum “My enemy’s enemy is my friend,” the Philistine ruler welcomed David, his men, and their families into his territory and probably considered them to be mercenaries (cf. 28:1).

 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 260.

5-7절) 아기스왕에게 지방 성읍 시글락을 구하는 다윗, 그곳에서 1년 4개월을 거주했다. 

-  Achish, who probably was both flattered by David’s words and relieved to have an excuse to move the group of foreigners away from his city’s food and water resources, “gave him Ziklag” (v. 6). Ziklag (modern Tel Seraʿ?)¹⁴¹ was located about twenty-five miles southwest of Gath in what was technically territory assigned to both the tribes of Simeon (cf. Josh 19:5) and Judah (cf. Josh 15:31). Though the city was allotted to the Israelites, they had never conquered it. Yet David’s cleverness did what previous military campaigns failed to do; it brought Ziklag into Israelite hands, “and it has belonged to the kings of Judah ever since.” Thus David redeemed his time in exile, using it to resume Israel’s conquest of Canaan.
¹⁴¹ The location of Ziklag is much disputed. Proposed sites include Tel Ḥ̣alif (so F. M. Abel), Tel Seraʿ (so B. Mazar, Y. Aharoni, Z. Kallai, and E. D. Oren), Tel Massos, and Tell es-Sebaʿ (so V. Fritz). Cf. J. D. Seger, “Halif, Tel,” in New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993), 553–59; E. D. Oren, “Sera, Tel,” idem, 1329–35; and V. Fritz, “Where Is David’s Ziklag?” BAR 19 (1993): 58–61.

 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 261.

8-12절) 다윗 일행이 올라가 그술, 기르스, 아말렉을 쳐서 멸하고 전리품을 취함, 누구를 침노하였느냐는 아기스의 질문에 유다 네겝, 여라무엘 네겝, 겐 네겝을 쳤다라고 했다. 

-  In his visits to the Philistine royal city David would have a personal audience with Achish. As the king was receiving his share of David’s spoils, he would ply the Israelite warlord with questions regarding the location of his plundering activities. David’s cunning and deceitful answers suggested that he was raiding territories in the Promised Land that were under Israel’s control—“the Negev of Judah,” “the Negev of Jerahmeel,” and “the Negev of the Kenites” (v. 10). The answer seemed credible to Achish, for none of David’s victims survived who “might inform” the king to the contrary.
David’s scheme was ingenious and effective. His conscious use of deceit was arguably the lesser of two evils: granted that lying is wrong and to be avoided (cf. Lev 19:11; Col 3:9), in this case David’s deception saved lives and thus fulfilled the Spirit of the Torah. Not only did it enable hundreds of Israelites to avoid a deadly confrontation with Saul, but it also helped Israel fulfill military assignments left undone since the days of Moses.<sup>145

145</sup> Cf. discussion at 20:4 regarding the tension between the biblical mandate to speak the truth and the need to preserve life.

 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 262.