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David’s Wives Are Captured
30 Now when David and his men came to uZiklag on the third day, vthe Amalekites had wmade a raid against the Negeb and against Ziklag. They had overcome Ziklag and burned it with fire 2 and taken captive the women and all1 who were in it, both small and great. They killed no one, but carried them off and went their way. 3 And when David and his men came to the city, they found it burned with fire, and their wives and sons and daughters taken captive. 4 Then David and the people who were with him raised their voices and wept until they had no more strength to weep. 5 David’s xtwo wives also had been taken captive, Ahinoam of Jezreel and Abigail the widow of Nabal of Carmel. 6 And David was greatly distressed, for the people spoke yof stoning him, because all the people were bitter in soul,2 each for his sons and daughters. But David strengthened himself in the Lord his God.
7 zAnd David said to Abiathar the priest, the son of Ahimelech, “Bring me the ephod.” So Abiathar brought the ephod to David. 8 aAnd David inquired of the Lord, “Shall I pursue after this bband? Shall I overtake them?” He answered him, “Pursue, for you shall surely overtake cand shall surely rescue.” 9 So David set out, and dthe six hundred men who were with him, and they came to the brook Besor, where those who were left behind stayed. 10 But David pursued, he and four hundred men. eTwo hundred stayed behind, who were too exhausted to cross the brook Besor.
11 They found an Egyptian in the open country and brought him to David. And they gave him bread and he ate. They gave him water to drink, 12 and they gave him a piece of a cake of figs and two clusters of raisins. And when he had eaten, fhis spirit revived, for he had not eaten bread or drunk water for three days and three nights. 13 And David said to him, “To whom do you belong? And where are you from?” He said, “I am a young man of Egypt, servant to an Amalekite, and my master left me behind because I fell sick three days ago. 14 gWe had made a raid against the Negeb of hthe Cherethites and against that which belongs to Judah and against the Negeb of Caleb, and we burned Ziklag with fire.” 15 And David said to him, “Will you take me down to this band?” And he said, “Swear to me by God that you will not kill me or deliver me into the hands of my master, and I will take you down to this iband.”
30 Now when David and his men came to uZiklag on the third day, vthe Amalekites had wmade a raid against the Negeb and against Ziklag. They had overcome Ziklag and burned it with fire 2 and taken captive the women and all1 who were in it, both small and great. They killed no one, but carried them off and went their way. 3 And when David and his men came to the city, they found it burned with fire, and their wives and sons and daughters taken captive. 4 Then David and the people who were with him raised their voices and wept until they had no more strength to weep. 5 David’s xtwo wives also had been taken captive, Ahinoam of Jezreel and Abigail the widow of Nabal of Carmel. 6 And David was greatly distressed, for the people spoke yof stoning him, because all the people were bitter in soul,2 each for his sons and daughters. But David strengthened himself in the Lord his God.
7 zAnd David said to Abiathar the priest, the son of Ahimelech, “Bring me the ephod.” So Abiathar brought the ephod to David. 8 aAnd David inquired of the Lord, “Shall I pursue after this bband? Shall I overtake them?” He answered him, “Pursue, for you shall surely overtake cand shall surely rescue.” 9 So David set out, and dthe six hundred men who were with him, and they came to the brook Besor, where those who were left behind stayed. 10 But David pursued, he and four hundred men. eTwo hundred stayed behind, who were too exhausted to cross the brook Besor.
11 They found an Egyptian in the open country and brought him to David. And they gave him bread and he ate. They gave him water to drink, 12 and they gave him a piece of a cake of figs and two clusters of raisins. And when he had eaten, fhis spirit revived, for he had not eaten bread or drunk water for three days and three nights. 13 And David said to him, “To whom do you belong? And where are you from?” He said, “I am a young man of Egypt, servant to an Amalekite, and my master left me behind because I fell sick three days ago. 14 gWe had made a raid against the Negeb of hthe Cherethites and against that which belongs to Judah and against the Negeb of Caleb, and we burned Ziklag with fire.” 15 And David said to him, “Will you take me down to this band?” And he said, “Swear to me by God that you will not kill me or deliver me into the hands of my master, and I will take you down to this iband.”
The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 삼상 30:1–15.
1-5절) 아벡으로부터 시글락까지는 80km의 거리이다. 아마도 아말렉 인들이 다윗의 군대가 멀리 아벡으로 출군 한 것을 알고 그곳을 노략하러 온 것이다. / 젊고 늙은 모든 여인들을 다 사로잡아 갔고 성읍을 불태웠다. 이로 인해서 돌아온 군인들이 자신의 아내와 자녀가 잡혀간 것을 알고 울 기력이 없도록 소리내어 울었다. / 다윗의 두 아내 아히노암과 아비가일도 모두 잡혀 갔다.
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Before the Amalekites burned the city, however, they had taken captive all its inhabitants (v. 2). In doing this the Amalekites’ actions were reminiscent of ancient Mesopotamian invaders, who also had attacked a city in the territorial region of Judah (cf. Gen 14:11–12), and invite a comparison of David’s actions with those of Abraham in a previous day. None of the Amalekites’ captives had been killed, perhaps because they were intended as bargaining chips with David or for sale in slave markets (cf. Amos 1:6, 9). Their act of kidnapping, however, was a capital offense according to the Torah (cf. Exod 21:16), and David would not countenance this especially personal violation of the Lord’s revealed will.
Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 275.
6절) 백성들이 가족, 자녀들이 아말렉에 잡혀감을 인하여 슬퍼하고 분노하여 다윗을 돌로 치고자 하였다. 이로 인해 다윗이 크게 위축되고 다급하였으나 하나님으로 인하여 힘을 얻고 용기를 얻게 된다. 내부적으로 큰 문제가 있을때 우리는 반드시 이 일에 대한 책임을 질 사람을 찾게 된다. 이것이 정당한 경우도 있지만 대부분은 희생양을 찾는 것이고 단지 표출되어야할 감정이나 분노의 대상을 내부에서 찾는 것이다. 문제의 본질을 깨닫고 이것을 해결하기 위해서 정직하게 반응하는 것이 필요하다. / 중요한 것은 다윗은 지금 이 상황이 자신을 압도하도록 허락하지 않았다는 것이다. 그는 이 문제를 하나님 앞으로 가지고 나아갔다. / 본문속에서 사울과 다윗이 대조를 이룬다. 극심한 어려움, 대적들의 위협속에서 한 사람은 신접한 자에게 도움을 청했고 다른 한 사람은 제사장을 통해 에봇을 이용해서 하나님의 인도하심을 구하고 있다. 그 결과는 죽음과 승리였다.
- 시 56:3-4 내가 두려워하는 날에는 내가 주를 의지하리이다 / 내가 하나님을 의지하고 그 말씀을 찬송하올지라 내가 하나님을 의지하였은즉 두려워하지 아니하리니 혈육을 가진 사람이 내게 어찌하리이까
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30:6 But David strengthened himself in the Lord his God, and God comforts and strengthens him. Rather than despairing, David turns to God in prayer and worship (cf. Ps. 56:3–4).
30:6 David through the strength of God acts as deliverer, prefiguring Christ the deliverer of captives (Luke 4:18–19).
Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 538.
7-8절) 아비아달(아히멜렉의 아들 제사장)을 통해서 여호와께 아말렉을 추격하여 잡을 지를 묻고 있는 다윗, 하나님께서 그를 쫓아가서 잡고 다시 찾아올 것을 명령하심.
9-10절) 하나님의 승리의 약속을 듣고 다시 600여명이 추격을 시작하여 브솔 시내에 도착을 한다. 이 브솔 시내는 남유다지역에 가장 크고 깊은 강으로 200여명의 사람들은 피곤하여 그곳을 건너기가 어려워서 다윗은 200명을 머물게 하고 나머지 400명을 이끌고 추격을 계속 한다. 앞서 아벡에서 시글락까지 오랜 여정을 했고, 게다가 가족들을 잃은 감정적인 어려움 가운데 있는 사람들을 계속 이끌고 나아가는 것을 어려운 일이다.
11-15절) 행군중에 죽어가는 애굽 사람 한명을 만나고 다윗은 그를 극진히 대접하여 그에게 아말렉의 정보를 얻어낸다. 지금 이러한 극박한 상황가운데 애굽 사람에게 호의를 베푼 이 내용을 이렇게 자세하게 기록하는 이유는 무엇인가?
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The writer’s detailed description of an Egyptian captive’s meal in the midst of one of the most tension-filled narratives in 1 Samuel certainly seems odd and perhaps inappropriate. In fact, if this narrative was intended only to be a record of David’s military exploits it would be. However, the writer possessed multiple agendas in putting this narrative together. By showing David’s kind and gracious treatment of this Egyptian sojourner, the author demonstrated that even in the midst of personal tragedy David was sensitive to Torah injunctions regarding the treatment of aliens, particularly Egyptians (cf. Exod 22:21; 23:9; Lev 19:34; Deut 23:7).
This incident with the unnamed Egyptian sojourner thus measures the circumference of David’s soul. David was wracked with emotional pain, but he was not so wrapped up in his own problems that he could not help another person in need. The greatness of David’s character is seen in the greatness of his provision for an alien in need.
Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 277.
다윗의 위대함은 자신의 어려움가운데 압도되지 않고 다른 사람의 필요를 돕는 모습속에서 찾아볼 수 있다.
이 애굽 소년은 아말렉 사람의 종으로 이전에 그렛 남방과 유다지방, 갈렙 남방을 침노했던 일행이었는데 이 소년에게 다윗은 본진의 행방을 묻는다. 그리고 이 소년은 다윗에게 자신의 안전을 보장해줄 것을 하나님께 맹세할 것을 요청한다.
자신을 돌로 치려는 아군, 부하들을 보면서 다윗이 느끼는 부담은 어땠을까? 그도 동일하게 두 아내를 빼앗긴 상태에서 그를 향해서 분노를 표출하는 부하들을 보면서 그가 평정심을 유지하고 하나님께 나아갈 수 있었던 이유는 무엇인가? 결국 우리의 영성은 한순간에 이루어지는 것이 아니다. 일상의 삶가운데 축적된 영성이 우리의 삶의 결정적인 순간가운데 드러나게 되는 것이다. 나의 힘으로 아무것도 할 수 없는 것 같은 상황가운데서 사울이 아니라 다윗이 한 선택을 할 수 있기 위해서 날마다 하나님앞에 나아가는 것을 힘써야 할 것이다.
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