삼상 28:1-14 엔돌에서 신접한 여인을 만나는 사울

Saul and the Medium of En-dor
28 In those days ⁱthe Philistines gathered their forces for war, to fight against Israel. And Achish said to David, “Understand that you and your men are to go out with me in the army.” ² David said to Achish, “Very well, you shall know what your servant can do.” And Achish said to David, “Very well, I will make you my bodyguard for life.”
3 Now ^jSamuel had died, and all Israel had mourned for him and buried him kin Ramah, his own city. And Saul had put lthe mediums and the necromancers out of the land. 4 The Philistines assembled and came and encamped ^mat Shunem. And Saul gathered all Israel, and they encamped nat Gilboa. 5 When Saul saw the army of the Philistines, he was afraid, and his heart trembled greatly. 6 And when Saul inquired of the Lord, ^othe Lord did not answer him, either pby dreams, or qby Urim, or by prophets. 7 Then Saul said to his servants, ^r“Seek out for me a woman who is a medium, that I may go to her and inquire of her.” And his servants said to him, “Behold, there is a medium at sEn-dor.”
8 So Saul ^tdisguised himself and put on other garments and went, he and two men with him. And they came to the woman by night. And he said, u“Divine for me by a spirit and bring up for me whomever I shall name to you.” 9 The woman said to him, “Surely you know what Saul has done, ^lhow he has cut off the mediums and the necromancers from the land. Why then are you laying a trap for my life to bring about my death?” 10 But Saul swore to her by the Lord, ^v“As the Lord lives, no punishment shall come upon you for this thing.” 11 Then the woman said, “Whom shall I bring up for you?” He said, “Bring up Samuel for me.” 12 When the woman saw Samuel, she cried out with a loud voice. And the woman said to Saul, “Why have you deceived me? You are Saul.” 13 The king said to her, “Do not be afraid. What do you see?” And the woman said to Saul, “I see a god coming up out of the earth.” 14 He said to her, “What is his appearance?” And she said, “An old man is coming up, and he is wrapped ^win a robe.” And Saul knew that it was Samuel, and he bowed with his face to the ground and paid homage.

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 삼상 28:1–14.

1-2절) 블레셋 사람들이 이제 이스라엘과 싸우려고 군대를 모십한다. 이에 아기스가 다윗에게 이 전투에 함께 참전할 것을 요구하고 특별히 자신의 보디가드가 되어 달라고 말한다. 

3-4절) 사무엘의 죽음, 그를 라마에 장사지내고 사울은 이스라엘땅에 신접한 자와 박수(무당)을 몰아낸다. 이와 동시에 수넴에 진을 친 블레싯으로 인해서 사울의 군대는 길보아에 진치고 싸움을 준비한다. 

5절) 블레셋 군대를 보고 두려워하는 사울(무엇을 보느냐, 우리의 시야가 중요하다.) / 블레셋의 침공이 임박하자 두려워진 사울은 하나님의 뜻을 구하지만 주께서 꿈이나, 우림, 선지자를 통해서 말씀하시지 않자 신접한 자를 찾는다. 자신이 신접한 자나 무당을 모두 없앴으면서 자신이 다시 찾고 있는 것이다. 결국 이것이 사울의 죽음의 원인중에 하나가 된다. / 사울은 신접한 자를 만나는 것은 분명히 하나님앞에서 죄라는 사실을 잘 알고 있었다. 하지만 그에게 지금 하나님의 법보다 블레셋의 군대가 더 위협적으로 보이는 것이다. 

-  Chronicler specifically mentions this incident as one reason for Saul’s death: “So Saul died for his breach of faith … in that he did not keep the command of the Lord, and also consulted a medium, seeking guidance. He did not seek guidance from the Lord” (1 Chron. 10:13–14).

 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 536.

8-11절) 신접한 여인을 만나기 위해서는 블레셋의 캠프를 통과해야 했기에 사울은 다른 옷으로 변장하고 두사람만을 대동하여 밤에 그 여인을 찾아간다. / 이여인에게 면죄부를 주는 사울, 하지만 이것이 그의 발목을 잡는다. 하나님께서 금지한 일을 허용하는 것은 어리석을 뿐만 아니라 하나님을 모독하는 일이다. 

여기서 등장하는 사무엘은 어떤 존재인가? 정말 사무엘인가 아니면 악한 영의 존재인가?

-  Rabbinic interpretations include: (1) an actual raising of Samuel by the wicked means of necromancy; (2) a deception perpetrated by the necromancer; (3) God causing either Samuel or a demon to appear; and (4) a demon acting apart from God to deceive Saul. Additional suggestions include (5) a vision produced by hallucinatory drugs; (6) a psychologically induced illusion; and (7) a Satanic impersonation.

 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996).

-  First, the plain statement of the Hebrew text is that she did in fact see Samuel. Second, the medium reacted to Samuel’s appearance as though it was a genuine—and terrifying—experience: she “cried out at the top of her voice.” Her strong reaction also suggests that Samuel’s appearance was unexpected; perhaps this was the first time she had ever actually succeeded in contacting the dead. Third, the speeches attributed to Samuel contained allusions to a prior interchange between the two, allusions that would have been appropriate only for the real Samuel to have made. Fourth, Samuel’s role and message as a prophet, so much a part of his ministry in life, was unchanged in his encounter with Saul here.

 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 267.

-  An alternative reading of this passage suggests that it was not the skill of the medium but rather a unique act of God that brought Saul into contact with Samuel. The medium did not possess the capacity to disturb a dead saint; but God, as “a sign of his grace,”¹⁵¹ permitted Saul to have one last encounter with the prophet who had played such a determinative role in the king’s career.

¹⁵¹ Payne, I and II Samuel, 145.

 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 267.

12-14절) 사무엘의 등장을 통해서 사울을 알아보는 여인 / 영이 땅에서 올라오는 것을 보는 여인 / 사울이 그의 모습이 어떤 지를 요구하자 한 노인이 겉옷을 입고 올라오는 모습을 설명한다. 이에 그를 사무엘로 여기고 그에게 예를 표하는 사울

과연 이 존재를 어떻게 볼 것인가? 정말 죽은 자로서의 사무엘인가 악한 영의 등장인가? 이후의 대화의 내용을 통해서 더 깊이 생각해볼 필요가 있다.