삼상 30:16-31 아말렉을 치는 다윗

David Defeats the Amalekites
¹⁶ And when he had taken him down, behold, they were spread abroad over all the land, eating and drinking and dancing, because of all the great spoil they had taken from the land of the Philistines and from the land of Judah. 17 And David struck them down from twilight until the evening of the next day, and not a man of them escaped, except four hundred young men, who mounted camels and fled. 18 ^jDavid recovered all that the Amalekites had taken, and David rescued his two wives. 19 Nothing was missing, whether small or great, sons or daughters, spoil or anything that had been taken. ^jDavid brought back all. 20 David also captured all the flocks and herds, and the people drove the livestock before him,³ and said, “This is David’s spoil.”
21 Then David came to ^kthe two hundred men who had been too exhausted to follow David, and who had been left ^kat the brook Besor. And they went out to meet David and to meet the people who were with him. And when David came near to the people he greeted them. 22 Then all the wicked and worthless fellows among the men who had gone with David said, “Because they did not go with us, we will not give them any of the spoil that we have recovered, except that each man may lead away his wife and children, and depart.” 23 But David said, “You shall not do so, my brothers, with what the Lord has given us. He has preserved us and given into our hand the band that came against us. 24 Who would listen to you in this matter? ^lFor as his share is who goes down into the battle, so shall his share be who stays by the baggage. They shall share alike.” 25 And he made it a statute and a rule for Israel from that day forward to this day.
26 When David came to Ziklag, he sent part of the spoil to his friends, the elders of Judah, saying, “Here is a present for you from the spoil of the enemies of the Lord.” 27 It was for those in ^mBethel, in Ramoth of the Negeb, in ⁿJattir, 28 in ^oAroer, in Siphmoth, in ^pEshtemoa, 29 in Racal, in the cities of ^qthe Jerahmeelites, in the cities of ^rthe Kenites, 30 in ^sHormah, in Bor-ashan, in Athach, 31 in ^tHebron, for all the places where David and his men had roamed.

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 삼상 30:16–31.

16-20절) 애굽 노예가 다윗을 아말렉의 진영으로 인도한다. 이때 아말렉인들은 블레셋과 유다땅에서 크게 약탈한 것을 가지고 승리에 도취되어 술잔치를 벌이고 있었다. 이를 틈타 다윗의 일행이 피곤한 여정에도 불구하고 새벽부터 저물때까지 그들을 쳤는데 낙타를 타고 도망간 400명의 젊은 이들을 빼고 모두 죽였다. 그리고 다윗 일행이 빼앗겼던 모든 것과 사람들을 되찾고 이에 더해 아말렉으로부터 많은 전리품을 얻게 된다. 

21-25절) 브솔 시내에서 피곤하여 전투에 합류하지 못했던 200명을 만나 그들을 영접한다. 그들을 비난한 것이 아니라 그들이 회복되었는지를 진심으로 묻고 있다. 하지만 전투에 함께 했던 사람들중에 일부가 이를 못마땅히 여기며 이탈자들과 전리품을 함께 나누지 말것을 제안한다. 하지만 이에 대해 단호히 반대하며 율례와 규례를 세운다. 

22절) 악한자와 불량배, 

-  Worthless is also used variously to describe a supposedly drunken woman (1:16), Eli’s sons (2:12), the men who opposed Saul (10:27), Nabal (25:25), David as described by Shimei (2 Sam. 16:7), and the rebel Sheba (2 Sam. 20:1).

 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 539.

23절) 다윗은 이 싸움에서 얻은 승리와 전리품이 누구로부터 온것인지 정확히 인식하고 있다. 이 모든 것이 하나님께서 주신 것이라고 고백한다. 그렇기에 이것을 전투에 참여한 자나 그렇지 않은 자들과 함께 나누도록 규례를 세우고 있다. 

25절) 이스라엘의 율례와 규례를 삼음( a statute and a rule for Israel) 

-  Rule (Hb. mishpat) is translated elsewhere as “custom” (2:13), “ways” (8:11), and “rights and duties” (10:25).

 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 539.

-  מִשְׁפָּט mishpat (1048b); from 8199; judgment:—arrangements(1), case(5), case*(1), cause(7), charge(1), claim(1), court(2), crimes(1), custom(11), customs(2), decide(1), decision(2), decisions(1), deserving(1), destruction(1), due(1), injustice*(2), judge(1), judged(1), judgment(62), judgments(40), just(4), justice(118), justly(3), kind(1), manner(3), matters of justice(1), mode of life(1), order(1), ordinance(29), ordinances(79), plan(1), plans(1), practice(1), procedure(4), properly(2), regulation(1), right(8), rightful place(1), rights(2), rule(1), sentence(2), sentenced(1), standard(1), trial(1), unjustly*(1), verdict(1), way prescribed(2), what is right(2), worthy(1).

 Robert L. Thomas, New American Standard Hebrew-Aramaic and Greek Dictionaries : Updated Edition (Anaheim: Foundation Publications, Inc., 1998).

다윗이 세운 규례의 원칙 : 첫번째로 승리가 하나님께로부터 왔다는 것이다. 전장에 내려갔던 자의 분깃이나 소유물 곁에 머물렀던 자의 분깃이 동일할지니 같이 분배할 것이니라(24) / 둘째로 전리품은 개인적인 안전과 대적들을 무찌른 것에 비하면 작은 것이다. /셋째로 앞서 전장에서 싸운자나 후방에서 위치해 있는자나 모두 전투를 위해서 필요한 역할을 수행한 것이라는 인식이다.(현장 사역자와 행정 인력들)

26-31절) 다윗이 탈취한 전리품을 시글락에서 유다 장로들과 여러 지역의 사람들에게 보낸다. 악한 재물로 사람들을 얻고 있다.  / 다윗은 지금 남유다지역의 14개 도시와 부족들에게 전리품을 보내고 있는 것이다. 이중에 저명한 지역도 있지만 일부는 알 수 없는 지역들도 있다. 

-  When David returned to the war-scarred village of Ziklag, he wisely chose to invest some of his newly acquired resources in building relationships with “the elders” (v. 26) who controlled settlements located throughout southern Judah. Perhaps he did so with the intention of creating a network of treaties that would allow him to move his sizable band of soldiers and their families back into Judahite territory, away from the bad memories and destruction of Ziklag.

 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 280.

26절) 다윗은 단순히 아말렉과의 싸움을 복수로 생각한 것이 아니라 성전으로 여기고 싸운 것이다. 

- David’s use of the phrase “the Lord’s enemies” in preference to “the Amalekites” provides the key to this interpretation. It casts David’s military exploits as a “crusade”—that is, essentially theological in nature—not a “conquest”—that is, fundamentally profane and secular. His actions against the Amalekites were not vengeance for burned houses and displaced families; rather, they were acts of spiritual obedience—the fulfillment of ancient Torah mandates and the fulfillment of timeless prophecies.
 Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 280.

 

아말렉과의 싸움의 본질을 제대로 파악하고 있는 다윗, 이것이 그에게 커다란 위기였지만 이 위기를 잘 극복하여 큰 승리로 이끌었고 이 전리품을 잔류자들과 나누고 다른 지역의 장로들과 관대하게 나누면서 이제 실제적으로 왕으로서의 등극을 준비하고 있는 것이다.