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The Triumphal Entry
11 iNow when they drew near to Jerusalem, to jBethphage and Bethany, at kthe Mount of Olives, Jesus1 sent ltwo of his disciples and said to them, “Go into the village in front of you, and immediately as you enter it you will find a colt tied, mon which no one has ever sat. Untie it and bring it. If anyone says to you, ‘Why are you doing this?’ say, ‘The Lord has need of it and will send it back here immediately.’ ” And they went away and found a colt tied at a door outside in the street, and they untied it. And some of those standing there said to them, “What are you doing, untying the colt?” And they told them what Jesus had said, and they let them go. And they brought the colt to Jesus and threw their cloaks on it, and he sat on it. And many nspread their cloaks on the road, and others spread leafy branches that they had cut from the fields. And those who went before and those who followed were shouting, o“Hosanna! pBlessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! 10 Blessed is qthe coming rkingdom of sour father rDavid! oHosanna tin the highest!”
11 uAnd he entered Jerusalem and went into the temple. And when he had looked around at everything, as it was already late, vhe went out to Bethany with the twelve.

i For ver. 1–10, see Matt. 21:1–9; Luke 19:29–38; John 12:12–15; [Zech. 9:9]
j Matt. 21:17; Luke 24:50; John 11:18
k Zech. 14:4; Matt. 24:3; 26:30; John 8:1; [Acts 1:12]
1 Greek he
l [ch. 14:13]
m [Luke 23:53]
n 2 Kgs. 9:13
o See Ps. 118:25 (Heb.)
p Matt. 23:39; Cited from Ps. 118:26
q See Luke 1:32
r [Ezek. 37:24, 25]
s [Acts 2:29]
r [Ezek. 37:24, 25]
o [See ver. 9 above]
t Luke 2:14; [Ps. 148:1]
u Matt. 21:10
v ver. 19; Matt. 21:17
 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), Mk 11:1–11.

11:1–13:37 Entering and Judging Jerusalem. Jesus enters Jerusalem triumphantly, he cleanses the temple, and he authoritatively teaches both opponents and disciples.
 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1917.

마가 복음의 경우 전체의 38퍼센트를 예수님의 고난에 할애하고, 특히 주님의 죽으시는 날에 20퍼센트를 할애하고 있다. 11-16장은 모두 예루살렘 근처에서 발생했는데 마가의 생각에 갈릴리가 예수님이 사람의 아들로 또한 하나님의 아들로서의 계시의 장소라면 예루살렘은 예수님에 대한 반대와 저주의 장소로 여겼다. 
Mark’s Gospel has sometimes been described as a passion narrative with a lengthy introduction. Such a description is, of course, an exaggeration. Mark had other purposes for his Gospel, but the passion was of overriding importance. Approximately 38 percent of the Gospel is devoted to the week of the passion (chaps. 11–16) and 20 percent to the day of Jesus’ death (chaps. 14–15). Everything in chaps. 11–16 takes place in or very near Jerusalem. In Mark’s thinking, Galilee was the place of the revelation of Jesus as the Son of Man and Son of God, but Jerusalem was the place of opposition to and condemnation of Jesus. Much of the account relates to controversies with the authorities (11:27–12:40). They conspired to kill Jesus (11:18; 14:1–2); he condemned the temple as a “den of robbers” (11:17) and predicted its destruction (13:2).
 James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 175–176.

마지막 한주일의 사건들 
Apparently Mark placed the entry into Jerusalem on Sunday, the cursing of the fig tree and the clearing of the temple on Monday, the observation of the withered fig tree on Tuesday, the final conspiracy against Jesus and the anointing in Bethany on Wednesday (but see the comments on 14:1), the preparation for the Passover on Thursday, the Passover meal and arrest on Thursday evening, the trials and crucifixion and burial on Friday, and the resurrection on Sunday. The time of the disputes in the temple and the eschatological discourse is uncertain, perhaps Tuesday, perhaps Wednesday.
 James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 176.

막 14-15장은 복음서의 핵심으로 예수님께서 왜 죽으셔야 했는지 그리고 어떻게 그분이 죽으셨는지를 기록하고 있다. 
Chapters 14–15 are the climax of the Gospel. Everything else leads up to them. They answer two crucial questions: Why did Jesus have to die? How did he die? Mark answered the first question by indicating that Jesus’ death was an absolute necessity, part of the divine plan, the will of God. He no doubt did this to answer the objections of opponents that the shameful death of Jesus showed he was an imposter. Members of his own community may have wondered why God did not rescue Jesus. Mark answered the second question by showing that Jesus died with dignity and integrity. His account is characterized by reserve.
 James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 177.

Jerusalem at the Time of Jesus
By the time of Jesus, Jerusalem had grown from a modest military fortress to a world-class city with a newly renovated temple that rivaled nearly any in the ancient world. Public pools were fed by the Gihon Spring and by two aqueducts that brought water to the city from as far as 7 miles (11 km) away. The towns of Bethphage and Bethany were located on the eastern slopes of the Mount of Olives, which lay to the east of Jerusalem. See also Jerusalem in the Time of Jesus.

 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1917.


1절) 위 그림에서 보는 바와 같이 감람산 왼쪽에 예루살렘이 위치하고 있고 그 남동쪽 편에 베다니가 위치하고 있었다. 이 마지막 여정의 목적지는 예루살렘인데 그 길을 향해서 한걸음씩 나아가고 계신 것이다. 

2-3절) 이에 주님께서 제자 둘을 보내시면서 맞은 편 마을로 가서 아무도 타보지 않은 매여있는 나귀새끼를 보거든 그것을 풀어서 끌고 올 것을 명하신다. 그리고 만일 사람들이 왜 그러느냐고 물으면 주가 쓰시겠다라고 대답하라고 말씀하셨다. 
여기서 마을이 벳바게인지 베다니인지 명확하지 않지만 좀더 가까운 벳바게 일 것으로 보인다. 마 21:2에서는 나귀와 그 나귀 새끼에 대한 언급이 있는데 마가는 나귀 새끼만을 언급한다. 아직 아무도 타보지 않은 나귀 새끼를 거룩한 용도로 드릴 것을 요청하고 있는 것이다. 그렇다면 제자들은 이 나귀 새끼가 아직 아무도 타보지 않은 것인지 어떻게 알 수 있었을까? 

4-6절) 주님의 명령을 받아 제자들이 가서 본즉 나귀 새끼가 문 앞 거리에 매여 있었고 그것을 풀때 근처에 서 있던 사람이 나귀 새끼를 풀어서 무엇에 쓸려고 하는가라고 물었다. 이에 제자들이 주님이 말씀해주신대로 “주가 쓰시겠다”라고 말했고 이에 이들이 이를 허락했다. 

7절) 제자들이 나귀새끼를 끌고와서 그 위에 겉옷을 얹고 이를 타시는 예수님. 이는 구약의 예언의 성취이다. 
Jesus fulfills a prophecy about the Messiah in Zech. 9:9 by riding on a donkey; see notes on Matt. 21:4–5 and John 12:15.
 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1918.

8절) 겉옷과 나무가지를 펴는 행위는 왕을 세우고 그분을 왕으로 인정하는 행동으로 매우 중요하다. 
On the significance of cloaks and branches, see 2 Kings 9:12–13 and notes on Matt. 21:8; John 12:13.
 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1918.
많은 사람들이 겉옷을 펼치고 또한 들에서 벤 나뭇가지, 요한복음 12:13에서는 감람나무 가지, 를 그분이 가시는 길에 펼쳤다. 이는 왕의 위엄을 상징하는 행동이다. 

9-10절) 무리들은 “호산나, 주의 이름으로 오시는 이여, 우리의 조상 다윗의 나라여 가장 높은 곳에서 호산나, 찬송하리로다”라고 외쳤다. 호산나는 이땅을 구원하소서, 우리를 구하소서라는 외침이다. 이는 매우 정치적인 표현으로 당시 로마의 압제 가운데 있던 이들이 유월절, 애굽에서의 탈출을 기억하며 기리는 이 날에 예수님의 예루살렘 입성을 자신들의 해방으로 여기고 환호하는 것이다. 하지만 주님은 로마의 압제로부터의 해방을 목적으로 하신 것이 아니라 죄와 죽음, 사탄의 압제로부터 당신의 사랑하시는 백성들을 해방시키시는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 
Hosanna (Hb. “Save!” or “Please save!”; see Ps. 118:25). Here “Hosanna” points to the celebration of Jesus as a political, Davidic messiah (cf. 2 Sam. 7:14; Isa. 9:1–21; 11:1–16; Jer. 23:1–8). Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord is from Ps. 118:25–26, a prayer of blessing for the coming messianic kingdom (but see also notes on Matt. 23:39; Luke 13:35). The Triumphal Entry takes place at the beginning of Passover week, which recalls the Jewish people’s liberation from Egyptian slavery (see notes on Mark 14:17; John 2:13); the pilgrims now anticipate the messianic liberation from Rome’s oppression. The claims of the disciples are ultimately true, but it will not be Rome that is defeated now but Satan, sin, and death. All enemies of righteousness will one day see the authority of Messiah. This is the only time in Mark where there is no evident tension between Jesus’ messianic identity, the messianic expectations of his disciples, and those of the people (cf. Mark 2:8–10; 8:27–31; 10:45). Jesus tolerates this brief period of celebration in fulfillment of Zech. 9:9, but with the certainty that nothing will obstruct the divinely ordained death of the Messiah.
 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1918.

11절) 이렇게 예수님께서 예루살렘에 이르러 성전에 들어가셔서 모든 것을 둘러 보셨다. 때가 저물어 12제자를 데리고 베다니로 나가셨다. 주님은 성전을 먼저 둘러보셨는데 이는 다음날 성전 청결을 위한 사전 포석이었다. 

많은 이들이 본문을 승리의 입성이라고 말하지만 마가는 지금 그러한 것에 관심이 없어 보인다. 다른 복음서와 다르게 마가는 무리들이 길에 펼친 가지가 감람나무인 것을 명기하지 않는다. 그는 지금 그러한 주제에 관심이 없었던 것이다. 
Each year Christians celebrate Jesus’ entry into Jerusalem on Palm Sunday. The palm branches we use that day symbolize victory and triumph. Some Bibles even title this passage “The Triumphal Entry.” The Gospel of Mark, however, is not interested in palm branches. In fact, Mark makes no mention of palm trees at all. The branches that people spread before Jesus in this Gospel were simply branches. Furthermore, this was no victory parade. The procession came to an inconclusive end when Jesus entered the temple, looked around and left (11:11). Mark’s interest lies elsewhere. Of the eleven verses in this passage the first seven are devoted to an unlikely event: borrowing an animal.
 Ronald J. Kernaghan, Mark, The IVP New Testament Commentary Series (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2007), 211.
도리어 나귀 새끼를 가져 오는 것에 많은 분량을 할애하고 있는데 본문을 읽다보면 그 새끼가 아무도 타보지 않은 것인지 어떻게 알았을까라는 의문이 든다. 그리고 과연 나귀 새끼를 찾는 것이 쉬운일이 이었을가라는 생각도 든다. 하지만 중요한 것은 이 모든 것을 주님이 예비하셨다는 것이다. 이삭의 배우자를 찾으러 갔던 아브라함의 종 엘리에셀은 어떤 여인이 하나님이 이삭의 아내로 정하셨는지를 하나님께서 알려주시기를 청한다.(창 24:13-14) 그는 낙타 열필을 끌고 가다가 성에 들어가 우물을 길러오는 여인들중에 자신에게 나아와 자신과 낙타에게 물을 마시우게 하는 여인을 하나님이 정하신 사람으로 여기겠다고 한다. 그러자 놀랍게도 말을 마치기도 전에 리브가가 물동이를 메고 나아왔다. 본문 속에서도 예수님께서 말씀하시고 가서 본즉 그곳에 나귀가 매여 있었다. 이처럼 하나님께서 


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The Plot to Kill Lazarus
When the large crowd of the Jews learned that Jesus4 was there, they came, not only on account of him but also to see Lazarus, owhom he had raised from the dead. 10 pSo the chief priests made plans to put Lazarus to death as well, 11 because qon account of him many of the Jews were going away and believing in Jesus.
The Triumphal Entry
12 The next day rthe large crowd that had come to the feast heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem. 13 So they took branches of spalm trees and went out to meet him, crying out, t“Hosanna! Blessed is uhe who comes in the name of the Lord, even vthe King of Israel!” 14 And Jesus found a young donkey and sat on it, just as it is written,
15 w“Fear not, daughter of Zion;
behold, your king is coming,
sitting on a donkey’s colt!”
16 xHis disciples did not understand these things at first, but ywhen Jesus was glorified, then zthey remembered that these things had been written about him and had been done to him. 17 aThe crowd that had been with him when he called Lazarus out of the tomb and raised him from the dead continued to bear witness. 18 The reason why the crowd went to meet him bwas that they heard he had done this sign. 19 So the Pharisees said to one another, c“You see that you are gaining nothing. Look, dthe world has gone after him.”

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 요 12:9–19.

9-11절) 마리아가 향유를 붓는 사건 이후 이제 에수님과 나사로가 공개석상에 등장한다. 이는 예수를 죽이려고 모의하는 이들 앞에 나선 것이다. 나사로는 예수님이 특별하신 분이심을 증거하는 살아있는 증거로 이제 나사로를 죽이려는 모의까지 하게 되는 것이다. 그런 반면에 많은 유대인들은 나사로로 인해서 자신이 믿던 곳을 떠나서 예수를 믿게 되었다. 
- 무리를 떠나 베다니에서 기름부음을 받으시고 이제 예루살렘 입성을 향해 나오실때 이미 무리들중에는 주님께서 행하신 여러 이적, 특별히 다시 살아난 나사로로 인해서 많은 이들이 주님을 따랐고 이를 두려워하는 무리들은 나사로와 예수를 죽이려고 모의하기 시작한다. 

본문의 예루살렘 입성 기사는 4복음서 모두에 기록되어 있다. 
Although the event is recorded in all four Gospels (Matt 21:1–11; Mark 11:1–11; Luke 19:29–44; as well as here in John), the focus of the stories is not the same in all of them.
 Gerald L. Borchert, John 12–21, vol. 25B, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2002), 39.

12절) 그 이튿날, 고난 주간의 주일(종려 주일)
The next day is probably Sunday of Passion Week, called “Palm Sunday” in Christian tradition
 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2048.
If the anointing took place on the evening after Sabbath concluded, this event could be understood to have occurred on Sunday
 Gerald L. Borchert, John 12–21, vol. 25B, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2002), 40.

13절) 종려나무 가지를 흔들며 “호산나 찬송하리로다 주의 이름으로 오시는 이 곧 이스라엘의 왕이시여”라고 외침, 이 외침은 구약의 슥 9:9을 연상케 한다. 무리들은 예수님을 왕으로 삼으려고 했다. 물론 그분은 만왕의 왕이시다. 하지만 무리들이 요구하는 형태의 왕은 아니다. 그분은 정치적인 왕이 아니라 십자가에 달려 죽은 왕이 되실 것이다. 이 호산나라는 외침은 “우리를 구원하소서”라는 의미로 시 118편을 떠오르게 한다. 
The crowd here obviously came out to meet a hero (12:13), “shouting” their hosannas and pronouncing a blessing on the “one who comes” in the name of the Lord—namely, “the King of Israel!”27 This statement is a composite acclamation drawn particularly from Ps 118:25–26 and Zech 9:9, where Zion/Jerusalem is called upon to rejoice at the coming of their king. The expression “he who comes” (hōerchomenos) is a familiar designation for the expectation of the coming Messiah and the initiation of the messianic age (cf. Ps 118:26 and John 1:9).28
 Gerald L. Borchert, John 12–21, vol. 25B, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2002), 42.

14-15절) 새끼 나귀를 타고 입성하시는 주님, 정복자로 건장한 말이나 낙타를 타신것이 아니라 나귀, 그것도 새끼를 타고 초라하게 입성하시는 모습은 그분의 겸손을 상징한다. 이 세상의 리더십과는 전혀 다른 형태의 리더십을 보여주고 계신 것이다. 
The crowd attached themselves to the idea of triumph in Zech 9:9.29 But when Jesus chose a young donkey for his entrance rather than a chariot and horses or a camel (the animals used by Roman and Eastern conquerors), he undoubtedly understood that there was another perspective in that text of Zechariah, a perspective that would not be warmly welcomed by the crowd. That perspective was humility.
29 See F. Bruce, “The Book of Zechariah and the Passion Narrative,” BJRL 43 (1961): 347. Cf. A. Hanson, The New Testament Interpretation of Scripture (London: S.P.C.K., 1980), 167–70.
 Gerald L. Borchert, John 12–21, vol. 25B, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2002), 42.
지금 호산나를 외치는 무리들은 자신들의 외침이 어떤 의미인지 제대로 파악하지 못했다. 하지만 주님은 구약의 말씀대로 건축자의 버린 돌(시 118:22)로 오셔서 그 일을 성취하셨다. 
In the Feast of Tabernacles, for instance, the male participants (both men and boys) waved the lūlab when the Temple singers reached the crescendo of “Hosanna.”31 The use of the psalm in connection with Passover is also well identified in the tractate on Passover in the Mishnah.32 But what is most intriguing is the irony in the call of the crowd for salvation. It was in this entrance to Jerusalem that Jesus said that his hour had come (12:23). Indeed, it would be on the cross that Jesus would fulfill the confessional prediction of the Samaritans when they called him the “Savior of the World!” (4:42). But the crowd’s idea of salvation and their idea of a messianic savior was not what John knew this entrance was about. If they had only understood the messianic implications of an earlier verse in that psalm (Ps 118:22), maybe they would have come to realize that the rejected stone would “become the head of the corner” (cf. the use in Matt 21:42; Mark 12:10; Luke 20:17; Acts 4:11; 1 Pet 2:4, 7; cf. also Eph 2:20). But they did not.
31 The lûlāb is a festive bundle of green branches usually composed of palm, myrtle, and willow limbs.
32 See M. Pesah 5.7; 9.3; 10.7.
 Gerald L. Borchert, John 12–21, vol. 25B, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2002), 43.

16절) 메시야를 열광하는 무리들 속에서 제자들은 이 일의 의미를 깨닫지 못했다. 하지만 이후에 주님이 십자가에 달려 죽으시고 부활하신 이후에 나귀를 타고 입성하시는 분이 바로 예언된 메시야임을 깨닫게 된다. 우리들도 어떤 사건속에서 그 당시에는 그 의미를 깨닫지 못하다가 이후에 그 경험속에 어떤 의미가 있는지를 깨닫게 되는 경우가 있다. 

17-18절) 이 많은 무리들 앞에서 나사로의 사건을 직접 목격한 이들이 이 이적이 얼마나 놀라운 일인지를 증거하자 무리가 예수를 열렬하게 맞이하고 있다. 결국 주님께서 나사로의 죽음이후에 의도적으로 이틀을 유하시고 나서 하나님 아버지의 영광을 타나내기 위함이라고 말씀하셨는데 이 말씀대로 나사로의 부활이 무리들앞에 하나님의 영광을 드러내고 있는 것이다. 이 표적 행하심을 듣고 무리들은 메시야에 대한 소망을 강하게 표현하고 있는 것이다. 

19절) 이러한 주님의 입성의 모습에 바리새인들은 위협을 느끼면서 “온세상이 저를 좇는다”고 하면서 자신들의 노력이 쓸데 없다라고 고백한다. 
본문의 세상의 의미는 그렇게 부정적이지 않다. 
The idea of world (kosmos) in John is not, as some Christians might have come to think, a negative term (cf. John 3:16–19). Neither is it basically a geographical or territorial designation, but rather a reference to the population of the world. Thus Jesus is the light of the people of the world (1:9; 8:12), and his coming into the world (1:10) was to take away the sin of the people of the world (1:29). But because of hard hearts and rejection, the coming of Jesus also meant the judgment of the world (9:39).
In the present text the reactive cry of the Pharisees was, of course, an exaggeration. Yet for those in the establishment, it probably seemed that their control was collapsing. But for John their statement must have seemed ironic. Jesus had not come to be a political leader, although his entrance into Jerusalem here marked a strategic step in becoming “the Savior of the World” (cf. 4:42).
 Gerald L. Borchert, John 12–21, vol. 25B, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2002), 46.





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