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1-8장이 성전건축과 관련된 당면한 권면과 예언을 이야기한다면 후반부 9-14장은 먼 미래를 내다보는 종말론적 예언을 기록하고 있다.
Judgment on Israel’s Enemies
9 The oracle of the word of the Lord is against the land of Hadrach
and gDamascus is its resting place.
For the Lord has an eye on mankind
and on all the tribes of Israel,1
2 hand on Hamath also, which borders on it,
iTyre and iSidon, though jthey are very wise.
3 Tyre has built herself ka rampart
and lheaped up silver like dust,
and fine gold like the mud of the streets.
4 But behold, the Lord will strip her of her possessions
and strike down mher power on the sea,
and nshe shall be devoured by fire.
5 oAshkelon shall see it, and be afraid;
Gaza too, and shall writhe in anguish;
Ekron also, because its hopes are confounded.
The king shall perish from Gaza;
Ashkelon shall be uninhabited;
6 pa mixed people2 shall dwell in Ashdod,
and I will cut off the pride of Philistia.
7 I will take away qits blood from its mouth,
and rits abominations from between its teeth;
sit too shall be a remnant for our God;
it shall be like ta clan in Judah,
and Ekron shall be like the Jebusites.
8 Then uI will encamp at my house as a guard,
vso that none shall march to and fro;
wno oppressor shall again march over them,
xfor now I see with my own eyes.
The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2016), 슥 9:1–8.
9 The oracle of the word of the Lord is against the land of Hadrach
and gDamascus is its resting place.
For the Lord has an eye on mankind
and on all the tribes of Israel,1
2 hand on Hamath also, which borders on it,
iTyre and iSidon, though jthey are very wise.
3 Tyre has built herself ka rampart
and lheaped up silver like dust,
and fine gold like the mud of the streets.
4 But behold, the Lord will strip her of her possessions
and strike down mher power on the sea,
and nshe shall be devoured by fire.
5 oAshkelon shall see it, and be afraid;
Gaza too, and shall writhe in anguish;
Ekron also, because its hopes are confounded.
The king shall perish from Gaza;
Ashkelon shall be uninhabited;
6 pa mixed people2 shall dwell in Ashdod,
and I will cut off the pride of Philistia.
7 I will take away qits blood from its mouth,
and rits abominations from between its teeth;
sit too shall be a remnant for our God;
it shall be like ta clan in Judah,
and Ekron shall be like the Jebusites.
8 Then uI will encamp at my house as a guard,
vso that none shall march to and fro;
wno oppressor shall again march over them,
xfor now I see with my own eyes.
The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2016), 슥 9:1–8.
9:1–14:21 The Return of the King. Reference to the surrounding nations in 8:20–23 and 9:1–8 links the book’s main parts (chs. 1–8 and chs. 9–14). In the second half of the book, visions recede as does interest in Joshua and Zerubbabel as the named leaders of the community. These latter chapters comprise two blocks of oracles, both introduced as the “burden of the word of the Lord” (9:1; 12:1; cf. also Mal. 1:1, identical in Hb.). The twin themes of the purity of God’s people and the fidelity of their leaders—often termed “shepherds”—run throughout these oracles. The community and its leaders suffer turmoil: this turn to the Lord faces opposition, tearing at the fabric of society and the natural world. Ultimately, the jubilant “return of the king” (Zech. 9:9) issues in the triumph of God’s purposes and the restoration of God’s people now joined by all nations (14:9, 16; cf. 8:20–23), for salvation belongs to the Lord (12:7).
Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1761.
Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1761.
본문은 크게 제 지역에 대한 삼판으로 구분된다.
1) 수리아에 대한 심판(1-2상) - 하드락, 다메섹, 하맛, 하나님의 눈
2) 베니게에 대한 심판(2하-4절) - 두로와 시돈의 지혜, 하나님의 심판
3) 블레셋의 심판과 구원(5-8절) - 아스글론, 가사, 에그론, 아스돗, 하나님의 심판과 남은자, 하나님의 보호
1절) 여호와의 말씀의 경고, 이 본문에서 경고라고 번역된 단어는 burden, oracle로 인데 히브리어 ‘마스카’로 짐, 부담의 의미인데 신탁을 표현하는 용어이다.(9:1; 12:1; 말 1:1)
본문 1절의 해석은 이견이 있다. 하반절에 바라보는 주체가 누구인지에 따라서 다른데 개역개정은 “사람들과 이스라엘 모든 지파의 눈이 여호와를 우러러본다’라고 번역했지만 다른 번역본들(ESV 등)은 여호와의 눈이 사람들과 이스라엘의 모든 부족에게 향했다라고 번역하고 있다. 이는 이후에 8절과 연결해서 볼때 더욱 합당해 보인다.
(슥 9:1, 개정) 『여호와의 말씀이 하드락 땅에 내리며 다메섹에 머물리니 사람들과 이스라엘 모든 지파의 눈이 여호와를 우러러봄이니라』
(슥 9:1, 새번역) 『주님께서 경고하신 말씀이다. 주님의 말씀이 하드락 땅에 내리고, 다마스쿠스에 머문다. 이방 사람들과 이스라엘의 모든 지파들이 주님을 바라본다.』
(슥 9:1, 현대어) 『[이스라엘 영토 확장의 예언] 여호와께서 하드락 지역을 통과해 가셨고, 다메섹을 거처로 삼으셨다. 아람 족속의 성읍들도 이스라엘의 모든 지파들과 마찬가지로 주님의 것이기 때문이다.』
(Zch 9:1, NIV) 『The word of the LORD is against the land of Hadrach and will rest upon Damascus--for the eyes of men and all the tribes of Israel are on the LORD—』
(슥 9:1, NASB) 『The burden of the word of the LORD is against the land of Hadrach, with Damascus as its resting place (for the eyes of men, especially of all the tribes of Israel, are toward the LORD),』
(슥 9:1, KJV) 『The burden of the word of the LORD in the land of Hadrach, and Damascus shall be the rest thereof: when the eyes of man, as of all the tribes of Israel, shall be toward the LORD.』
(슥 9:1, 공동) 『야훼께서 계시하신 말씀. 야훼께서 하드락 땅을 거쳐 다마스쿠스에 머물러 계시다. 이 아람의 수도도 이스라엘 모든 지파와 마찬가지로 야훼의 것이다.』
(슥 9:1, 현대인) 『여호와께서 하드락 땅과 다마스커스에 형벌의 말씀을 선언하셨다. 이것은 여호와의 눈이 이스라엘뿐만 아니라 온 인류를 지켜보고 계시기 때문이다.』
(Zch 9:1, ESV) 『The burden of the word of the LORD is against the land of Hadrach and Damascus is its resting place. For the LORD has an eye on mankind and on all the tribes of Israel,』
위에서 보는 것처럼 번역의 두가지로 갈린다. 여기서 눈이 이방인들과 이스라엘 모든 지파의 눈으로 보면, 이들의 눈이 여호와께로 향했다고 번역될 수 있는데 이는 구원을 요청하는 기도로 이해할 수 있다. 두번째로 하나님의 눈이 이방인들과 이스라엘 지파를 바라본다라고 볼 때 수리아를 심판하시는 이유가 여호와께서 친히 자신의 눈으로 그들을 보았기 때문이다. 공의로우시고 거룩하신 하나님게서 온세상을 감찰하시며 죄가운데 있는 자들을 심판하시는 것이다. 이는 이후의 8절과 자연스럽게 연결된다.
하드락은 지리적으로 북쪽에 위치했고 다메섹은 아람의 수도로 페르시아시대의 주요도시였다.
- Zechariah 9 begins with an oracle against Hadrach, a geographic designation that does not occur elsewhere in the Old Testament. Long unknown historically, the city has been identified in Assyrian texts, including those of Tiglath-Pileser III.24 The reference to Hadrach as the first city to experience the power of the word of the Lord serves at least two purposes. First, Hadrach lies to the north of the other sites listed by Zechariah. Just as the Lord’s judgment on Judah came from the north commencing the exile, so would God’s word overrun the northern nations with a dramatic reversal. Second, Hadrach apparently lay beyond the greatest extent of either the Solomonic or Davidic kingdom.25 Thus, Zechariah predicted that the Lord’s authority would extend beyond the most expansive boundaries ever known during Old Testament times. God’s dominion would also overshadow pagan peoples.
As Zechariah’s gaze turned southward, he viewed Damascus, the capital of Aram (Syria), a center of commerce, and a major city during the Persian era. Damascus also opposed Judah bitterly during most of her history (Amos 1:3). A few commentators question precisely what Zechariah meant when he stated that “the word of the Lord … will rest upon Damascus.” While some claim that the phrase might express encouragement for Damascus,26 no evidence in the text supports this view. More likely the prophet intended that the Syrian city will submit to the Lord totally because of the power of God’s word. The march of God’s word, like a mighty army, will conquer city after city toward its southern goal of Jerusalem. The Lord declares that his kingdom will extend beyond the borders of Judah, having a universal scope encompassing even long-time foes of God and his people.27
24 ANET, 282–83.
25 C. L. Meyers and P. Meyers, Zechariah 9–14 (New York: Doubleday, 1993), 92.
26 Baldwin, Zechariah, 159.
27 Meyers and Meyers, Zechariah 9–14, 92.
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 260–261.
As Zechariah’s gaze turned southward, he viewed Damascus, the capital of Aram (Syria), a center of commerce, and a major city during the Persian era. Damascus also opposed Judah bitterly during most of her history (Amos 1:3). A few commentators question precisely what Zechariah meant when he stated that “the word of the Lord … will rest upon Damascus.” While some claim that the phrase might express encouragement for Damascus,26 no evidence in the text supports this view. More likely the prophet intended that the Syrian city will submit to the Lord totally because of the power of God’s word. The march of God’s word, like a mighty army, will conquer city after city toward its southern goal of Jerusalem. The Lord declares that his kingdom will extend beyond the borders of Judah, having a universal scope encompassing even long-time foes of God and his people.27
24 ANET, 282–83.
25 C. L. Meyers and P. Meyers, Zechariah 9–14 (New York: Doubleday, 1993), 92.
26 Baldwin, Zechariah, 159.
27 Meyers and Meyers, Zechariah 9–14, 92.
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 260–261.
2-4절) 베니게-두로와 시돈에 대한 심판
여호와의 눈, 말씀이 두로와 시돈에도 임할 것이다. 그들은 자신의 지혜를 가지고 자신을 지키기 위해서 성곽을 건축하며 은과 금을 모아 티끌과 진흙같이 쌓았지만 주님께서 그를 쫓아 내시고 그들이 의지하던 해상력도 파하시고, 불에 의해서 심판을 받을 것을 말씀하고 계신다.
지금 두로와 시돈이 가지고 있는 지혜는 하나님의 지혜가 아니라 세상의 지혜이다. 하나님께 대적하여 높아져 하나님에 대항하는 세상의 지혜로 그들이 세상속에서 성공한 삶을 살고 있지만 이 세상 나라가 아무리 강하고 부요하고 지혜롭다고 할지라도 하나님의 말씀앞에서 영원하지 못함을 보여주고 있다. 실제로 두로는 주님의 심판의 결과로 기원전 332년 알렉산더에게 정복당한다. 그럼에도 불구하고 신약은 두로와 시돈에도 메시야의 구원의 빛이 비추고 있음을 보여준다.(막 3:8)
- Zechariah’s statement “Tyre has built herself a stronghold,” functions as a word play. The Hebrew word ṣōr (“Tyre”)47 sounds like the Hebrew root of the term māṣôr (“stronghold”).48 The expression scorns Tyre’s self-sufficient actions. The arrogant and self-reliant attitude exhibited by Tyre throughout her history led other prophets to declare her doom (Isa 23:8–9). The classical prophetic condemnation of Tyre occurs in the book of Ezekiel who saw Tyre as the epitome of hubris and rejection of the Lord (see Ezek 28:2–10).
Ultimately, Alexander the Great fulfilled the Lord’s promise of abasement for Tyre, devastating the city to such an extent that she never regained her former prominence.49
47 צֹר. (ṣōr) See HALOT, 1053.
48 מָצוֹר. See HALOT, 623. See also A. Wolters, “Word Play in Zechariah,” in Puns and Pundits (S. Noegel, ed., Bethesda: CDL Press, 2000), 224.
49 For a discussion of Alexander’s fulfillment of the Lord’s prophecy against Tyre, as well as the view that Zech 9:1–8 was written as a response to the Greek general’s striking victory, see M. Delcor, “Les allusions à Alexandre le Grand dans Zach IX 1–8.” VT 1 (1951): 110–24.
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 264.
Ultimately, Alexander the Great fulfilled the Lord’s promise of abasement for Tyre, devastating the city to such an extent that she never regained her former prominence.49
47 צֹר. (ṣōr) See HALOT, 1053.
48 מָצוֹר. See HALOT, 623. See also A. Wolters, “Word Play in Zechariah,” in Puns and Pundits (S. Noegel, ed., Bethesda: CDL Press, 2000), 224.
49 For a discussion of Alexander’s fulfillment of the Lord’s prophecy against Tyre, as well as the view that Zech 9:1–8 was written as a response to the Greek general’s striking victory, see M. Delcor, “Les allusions à Alexandre le Grand dans Zach IX 1–8.” VT 1 (1951): 110–24.
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 264.
5-6절) 아스글론이 하드락, 다메섹, 두로와 시돈의 심판의 소식을 보고 무서워하고, 가사도 아파하며 했다. 5절에 이 도시들의 나열 구조를 보면 아스글론-가사-에그론-가사-아스글론의 순서이고 이후 6절에 아스돗이 언급된다.
가장 남단에 위치한 아스글론도 두로와 시돈의 소식을 들으면서 자신들을 향해 진군하고 있는 말씀의 행신앞에 크게 두려워하고 있다. 블레셋 도시중 가장 북쪽에 위치한 에그론은 침략을 막아줄 것이라고 믿었던 다메섹이나 두로가 무어지는 것을 목도하면서 또한 두려워했다.
- God would take the Philistines, whose arrogance had become proverbial, and transform them into a people for himself. Before the Lord could incorporate any of the Philistines into the remnant of Judah, however, first he had to judge their sin and cleanse them from the profane things in their midst.
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 266.
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 266.
7절) 블레셋 입에서 그 피를, 그 이빨사이에서 가증한 것을 제할텐데 이제 블레셋도 남아서 하나님께로 돌아와서 유다의 한 두목 같이 되겠고 에그론은 여부스 사람같이 될 것이다.
심판은 재앙임 동시에 희망이 될 수 있다. 블레셋의 교만을 끊는 과정은 죄에 대한 심판의 과정이면서 동시에 그들을 정결케 하는 과정으로 하나님께로 돌아롤 수 있는 기회를 제공한다. 블레셋의 남은자는 다윗시대의 여부스(삼하 5:6-10)처럼 정치, 종교적으로 이스라엘의 당당한 일원으로 편입되어 하나님의 통치를 누리게 될 것이다. 남은자 사상이 이스라엘을 뛰어 넘어 이스라엘의 가장 큰 적이었던 이방인 블레셋에게 적용되고 있는 것이다. 다윗시대에 시작된 이 통합의 역사는 그리스도의 오심으로 더불어 교회를 통하여 완전히 이루어질 것이다.(갈 3:28)
- Isaiah condemned similar practices, castigating those who ate unclean meat and sacrificed in a forbidden fashion (Isa 65:4; 66:3, 17).
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 267.
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 267.
8절) 하나님께서 자신의 집(예루살렘 성전 나아가 예루살렘 도시나 유다 백성)을 진으로 둘러 보호하심으로 적군이 왕래하지 못하게 할 것임을 약속하신다. 포학한 자가 그 지경으로 지나가지 못할 것인데 이는 여호와께서 바라보고 계시기 때문이다.
포학한 자의 언급은 보신다(출 3:7)과 아울러 하나님의 보호가 출애굽의 연장선 상에 있음을 보여준다. 하나님께서 고통가운데 있는 당신의 백성을 보시는 것은 곧 그들의 구원을 의미한다.
- However, by metonymy “house” specifies not just the land, but more importantly, the people who occupy the promised land. Of the numerous New Testament passages that portray the people of God as the Lord’s house, none relates more closely to Zech 9:8 than Heb 3:6: “But Christ is faithful as a son over God’s house. And we are his house, if we hold on to our courage and the hope of which we boast.”
The day in which alien armies defiled the promised land with their unclean feet would end because the Lord promises to keep close watch over his possession. This assurance resumes a theme introduced in Zech 2:5 where the Lord says, “I myself will be a wall of fire around it [Jerusalem].” Zechariah 1:16 expresses a similar idea.
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 267–268.
The day in which alien armies defiled the promised land with their unclean feet would end because the Lord promises to keep close watch over his possession. This assurance resumes a theme introduced in Zech 2:5 where the Lord says, “I myself will be a wall of fire around it [Jerusalem].” Zechariah 1:16 expresses a similar idea.
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 267–268.
- Verse 8 links the initial paragraph in chap. 9 to other themes throughout chaps. 1–8. First, the Lord’s declaration that he keeps watch over his land recalls 4:10 where “the eyes of the Lord range through the earth,” seeing all and controlling all. In both passages, “the Lord’s all-seeing eye purposes to defend and provide for His people.”72 Verse 1 also speaks of the eye, but the eye belongs to men who look to the Lord for protection and guidance. Zechariah 9:9 serves as the cause—because the Lord’s eye is always on his kingdom (“for now I am keeping watch”); v. 1 functions as the effect—that the inhabitants’ eyes will look to their God (“the eyes of men are on the Lord”). The initial section of the second half of the book of Zechariah presents two basic truths: the Lord will reign victoriously, and he will gather the remnant of alienated peoples to himself in his eschatological reign.
Second, both Zech 9:8 and 7:14 include the same Hebrew idiom, mēʿōbēr ûmiššāb, an unusual expression meaning “to march back and forth.”73 The phrase occurs quite infrequently, here connecting chap. 9 to chap. 7. The NIV does not communicate the identical Hebrew idiom in both passages with like English idioms. But the Hebrew text plainly links God’s message of salvation in v. 8 with a similar message in 7:14 that foretells the Lord’s judgment on all who choose not to listen to God’s call to obedience and repentance.
72 Baldwin, Zechariah, 162.
73 מֵעֹבֵר וּמִשָּׁב.
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 268.
Second, both Zech 9:8 and 7:14 include the same Hebrew idiom, mēʿōbēr ûmiššāb, an unusual expression meaning “to march back and forth.”73 The phrase occurs quite infrequently, here connecting chap. 9 to chap. 7. The NIV does not communicate the identical Hebrew idiom in both passages with like English idioms. But the Hebrew text plainly links God’s message of salvation in v. 8 with a similar message in 7:14 that foretells the Lord’s judgment on all who choose not to listen to God’s call to obedience and repentance.
72 Baldwin, Zechariah, 162.
73 מֵעֹבֵר וּמִשָּׁב.
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 268.
스가랴는 이방을 심판하시고 당신의 백성을 보호하시는 하나님을 선포한다. 이는 결국 이후 9절의 메시야의 재림을 예비한다. 하나님의 영광스런 통치에 대한 스가랴의 그림은 이후 종말론적인 완성을 향해 나아간다.
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