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18 And the word of the Lord of hosts came to me, saying, 19 “Thus says the Lord of hosts: The fast of the vfourth month and the fast of the wfifth and the fast of the xseventh and the fast of the ytenth shall be to the house of Judah zseasons of joy and gladness and cheerful feasts. Therefore love atruth and peace.
20 “Thus says the Lord of hosts: Peoples shall yet come, even the inhabitants of many cities. 21 The inhabitants of one city shall go to another, saying, b‘Let us go at once cto entreat the favor of the Lord and to seek the Lord of hosts; I myself am going.’ 22 bMany peoples and strong nations shall come to seek the Lord of hosts in Jerusalem and cto entreat the favor of the Lord. 23 Thus says the Lord of hosts: In those days dten men efrom the nations of every tongue shall take hold of the robe of a Jew, saying, ‘Let us go with you, for fwe have heard that God is with you.’ ”
The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2016), 슥 8:18–23.
20 “Thus says the Lord of hosts: Peoples shall yet come, even the inhabitants of many cities. 21 The inhabitants of one city shall go to another, saying, b‘Let us go at once cto entreat the favor of the Lord and to seek the Lord of hosts; I myself am going.’ 22 bMany peoples and strong nations shall come to seek the Lord of hosts in Jerusalem and cto entreat the favor of the Lord. 23 Thus says the Lord of hosts: In those days dten men efrom the nations of every tongue shall take hold of the robe of a Jew, saying, ‘Let us go with you, for fwe have heard that God is with you.’ ”
The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2016), 슥 8:18–23.
18절) 7장에서 벧엘 사람 사레셀과 레겜멜렉이 질문한 사람은 여호와의 성전에 있는 제사장들과 선지자들이다.(7:2-3) 그러나 그들에게 여호와의 말씀이 임한 것이 아니고 스가랴 선지자에게 그 대답의 말씀이 임하였다.
19절) 넷째달, 다섯째달, 일곱째 달, 열째 달의 금식이 변하여 유다 족속에게 기쁨과 즐거움과 희락의 절기가 될 것이다. 그러므로 너희는 진리와 화평을 사랑해야 한다.(16절) 각각의 금식의 날을 이스라엘의 역사상 비극적인, 슬픔의 순간들이다. 그런데 이 금식이 변하여 기쁨과 즐거움과 희락의 절기가 될 것이다라고 말하고 있다. 7장에서는 5월과 7월의 금식만을 말하는데 여기에는 4월과 10월의 금식을 추가했다. 이 모두 예루살렘의 멸망과 관계있는 것으로 이제 예루살렘의 회복을 말하고 있는 것이다.
- Formerly, the people fasted in the fourth month, when the walls of Jerusalem were breached (2 Kings 25:3–4; Jer. 39:2; 52:6–7); in the fifth, when the city fell (Jer. 52:12–15); in the seventh, when Gedaliah was assassinated (2 Kings 25:25; Jer. 41:1–3); and in the tenth, when the siege of the city first began (2 Kings 25:1; Ezek. 24:1–2). Yet in the days ahead, these fast days would be turned to feast days, seasons of joy and gladness, celebrating the salvation and transformation that the Lord had accomplished for them. In view of this, the people are called to love truth and peace: “love” implies commitment and devotion rather than being simply an emotional response.
Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1761.
Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1761.
기쁨이라는 말은 히브리어로 ‘사손’인데 이는 잔치에서 즐겁게 먹는 것과 연관되어 있고(사 22:13) 기쁨의 잔치에도 쓰였다.(에 8:16-17) 즐거움, ‘심카’도 함께 모여 기쁨을 나눌때 쓰인 단어이다.(삼상 18:6; 왕상 1:40; 사 9:3)
본문은 슬픔의 금식의 날이 기쁨과 즐거움의 절기가 될 것이다. 그러므로 진리와 화평을 사랑하라고 말한다. 이는 이 기쁨과 즐거움의 절기를 계속해서 유지해나가기 위해서 진리와 화평을 이루고 추구해야할 것을 말하는 것이다. 8장 전체에서 진리와 화평을 말한다.(3, 8, 16-17) 모든 관계, 사람들과의 관계와 하나님과의 관계에서 진실과 화평은 대단히 중요한 주제이다. 진리, 진실이 없으면 참된 관계가 이루어질 수 없고 나아가 사회적 관계, 특히 공평을 실현해야할 법제가 위협받게 되고 사회 제도가 위협받고 약자들이 아픔을 당하게 된다. 그러기에 우리는 진리와 화평을 추구하고 사랑해야 한다.
- After a repeated, emphatic assertion that his sermon was of divine origin, Zechariah quoted God as saying that all of the former fasts would become times for rejoicing in Israel’s relationship with the Lord (see Jer 31:10–14). Zion’s great joy will cause episodes of judgment and deprivation to recede into a faded memory. Up to this point in Zechariah’s revelation, the prophet had declared that the Lord will “restore the nation” (1:16–17; 2:10; 3:9; 4:9; 8:3–8, 11–13), appoint his messianic leaders (3:5, 7–8; 4:7–8, 14; 6:12–13), and rule as sovereign over the nation of Judah as well as govern all the other nations of the world (1:10–11; 2:5, 10–11; 6:7–8; 8:8).151
151 Merrill, Zechariah, 231.
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 245.
151 Merrill, Zechariah, 231.
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 245.
- Zechariah strongly conveyed the rejoicing that the future will bring by using three synonyms for joyfulness. The term “joyful” (śāśôn) means “exultation or rejoicing,” especially in light of the Lord’s favor (see Ps 51:8).156 Likewise, the Hebrew term for “glad occasions” (śimḥāh) signifies “mirth.”157 This latter expression, when describing gladness in a social setting, may refer to the fellowship that family and friends share around a meal (see Gen 31:27). If this is the case, it presents a particularly pregnant connotation in light of Zechariah’s transformation from fast to feast. Last, the Hebrew phrase for “happy festivals” (mōʿădîm) does not occur elsewhere in the Old Testament, but the expression speaks of good or pleasant assemblies. Whereas past memories of Jerusalem brought lament and pain, future memories of Zion will focus on the feasting within the city: “Look upon Zion, the city of our festivals” (Isa 33:20).
Verse 19 concludes with the imperative, “love truth and peace.” Although the injunction to love occurs in many truly significant theological texts, the command does not appear frequently in the Old Testament. In Lev 19:18, 34 (see also Matt 22:39; Mark 12:31; Luke 10:27; Rom 13:9; Gal 5:14; Jas 2:8) God commands his faithful to “love your neighbor as yourself.” Further, Deut 6:5, the Shema, requires believers to “love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength.” Neither admonition refers to an “emotional” response that God expected Israel to direct either to one another or to himself. Rather, the faithfulness or obedience to the covenant God had made with his people represents the essential idea of “love.” Furthermore, the biblical use harmonizes nicely with the ancient Near Eastern covenants that use similar vocabulary to require obedience to the covenant.158 Thus, v. 19 concludes with the command for every Judahite to show covenantal faithfulness both to God and man.
156 שָׂשׂוֹן. HALOT, 1363.
157 שִׂמְחָה. HALOT, 1336–37.
158 W. L. Moran, “The Ancient Near Eastern Background of the Love of God in Deuteronomy,” CBQ 25 (1963): 77–87. Also, D. J. McCarthy, Treaty and Covenant (Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 1963).
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 246–247.
Verse 19 concludes with the imperative, “love truth and peace.” Although the injunction to love occurs in many truly significant theological texts, the command does not appear frequently in the Old Testament. In Lev 19:18, 34 (see also Matt 22:39; Mark 12:31; Luke 10:27; Rom 13:9; Gal 5:14; Jas 2:8) God commands his faithful to “love your neighbor as yourself.” Further, Deut 6:5, the Shema, requires believers to “love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength.” Neither admonition refers to an “emotional” response that God expected Israel to direct either to one another or to himself. Rather, the faithfulness or obedience to the covenant God had made with his people represents the essential idea of “love.” Furthermore, the biblical use harmonizes nicely with the ancient Near Eastern covenants that use similar vocabulary to require obedience to the covenant.158 Thus, v. 19 concludes with the command for every Judahite to show covenantal faithfulness both to God and man.
156 שָׂשׂוֹן. HALOT, 1363.
157 שִׂמְחָה. HALOT, 1336–37.
158 W. L. Moran, “The Ancient Near Eastern Background of the Love of God in Deuteronomy,” CBQ 25 (1963): 77–87. Also, D. J. McCarthy, Treaty and Covenant (Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 1963).
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 246–247.
20-22절) 앞서 금식이 기쁨의 절기가 된 것을 보고 여러 백성과 많은 성읍의 거민이 올 것이다. 이 성읍 거민이 저 성읍 거민에게 가서 만군의 여호와를 찾고 여호와께 은혜를 구자하라고 할 것이고 그것을 보고 다른 성읍의 사람들도 나도 여호와께 가겠다라고 할 것이다. 나아가 많은 백성과 강대한 나라들이 예루살렘으로 와서 만군의 여호와를 찾고 여호와께 은혜를 구할 것이다.
본문은 앞서 2:11절에 선포된 내용이다.
본문은 이제 개인적인 차원이 아니라 성읍, 민족적인 차원에서 하나님앞에 나아올 것을 말한다. 과거 어느 성읍 백성이 다른 성읍 백성을 찾아간다는 것은 전쟁하러 나아가는 것 밖에 없었다. 이렇게 수많은 성읍들이 공경당하고 훼파되던 것을 경험했던 이들이 다른 성읍에도 여호와의 은혜를 구하러 간다는 것이다. 또한 22절의 나라는 이방인을 가리키는 ‘고임’이라는 단어를 사용했다.
이스라엘이 이렇게 이방인들의 축복의 통로가 되는 것은 아브라함 언약에서 이미 선포되었다.
- The Abrahamic covenant assured Israel that she will become the channel of blessing between the Lord and the nations of the world. Further, Gen 1–11 develops the theme of “why all the families of the earth need the blessing” the Lord offers.
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 247.
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 247.
본문에 여호와께 은혜를 구하자는 표현은 앞서 반복된다.
- The phrase “to entreat the Lord” (lĕbaqqēš ʾet—YHWH; vv. 21 and 22) occurs also in 7:2.165 When used in secular contexts, the expression describes appeasement, seeking mercy or favor. In the spiritual domain, the phrase portrays the preparation of the worshipper’s heart for prayer to the Lord. Typically, sacrifice also plays an important role in passages where people “entreat the Lord.”166
165 לְבַקֵּשׁ אֶת־יהוה. HALOT, 152.
166 TDOT, 4:409. Merrill illustrates the religious use of the term with Moses’ mediatorial actions in Exod 32:11–13 when he “sought the favor of the Lord” in asking God to spare the idolatrous people (Zechariah, 233–34).
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 249.
165 לְבַקֵּשׁ אֶת־יהוה. HALOT, 152.
166 TDOT, 4:409. Merrill illustrates the religious use of the term with Moses’ mediatorial actions in Exod 32:11–13 when he “sought the favor of the Lord” in asking God to spare the idolatrous people (Zechariah, 233–34).
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 249.
23절) 옷자락을 잡는다는 말은 상대방에게 복종하고 간구하는 표현으로 고대 근동에서 많이 사용되던 표현이다. 사울이 사무엘의 옷자락을 잡고 간청하는 대목에서도 볼 수 있다.(삼상 15:27) 이방인들이 이스라엘 사람들의 옷자락을 잡는 다는 것은 이스라엘의 하나님 여호와가 참된 하나님이라는 것과 이스라엘 백성의 축복이 참되다는 것을 의미한다. 이 하나님의 함께 하심, 임마누엘이 은혜의 통로임을 듣고 깨달은 이들이 이제 이스라엘과 함께 하기를 원하는 것이다.
또한 방언이 다른 이방의 백성 열명이 유다의 옷자락을 잡는다는 것은 바벨탑 사건에서 언어를 흩으신 하나님께서 다시금 이를 하나되게 하실 것을 말해준다.
- Moreover, Zech 8:23 declares that ten foreigners speaking the different languages of the world will stand with every Judahite. Accordingly, Zechariah’s prophecy represented a reversal of the divine decree in the tower of Babel passage (Gen 11:1–9).163 The apostle Paul continued this theme in Gal 3:8: “The Scripture foresaw that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, and announced the gospel in advance to Abraham: ‘All nations will be blessed through you.’ ”
163 Smith, Micah-Malachi, 241.
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 248.
163 Smith, Micah-Malachi, 241.
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 248.
본문의 그날은 앞서 2:11절을 말한다. 여호와의 날, 주님의 완전한 통치가 완성되는 날을 말한다.
본문의 열 명을 문자적 의미라기 보다는 상징적으로 모든 인류를 통칭한다.
- Zechariah prophesied that the Day of the Lord will see ten Gentiles in Zion worshipping the Lord for every Judahite. The number ten is not literal, but rather symbolizes the totality of humanity. The symbolic use of the number ten occurs in other Old Testament passages (see Gen 31:7; Lev 26:26).
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 249.
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 249.
- The theme of seeking the Lord that stands so prominently in vv. 20–22 transforms into “grasping” him in v. 23, a topic mentioned twice in a single verse. Thus, Rom 14:11 (see also Phil 2:11) portends, “ ‘As surely as I live,’ says the Lord, ‘every knee will bow before me; every tongue will confess to God.’ ”
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 250.
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 250.
스가랴의 전반부는 이렇게 8장으로 마쳐진다. 8가지의 환상을 말한뒤에 이스라엘의 참담한 현실로부터 하나님이 약속하신 이스라엘의 회복의 미래의 축복을 선포하는 것으로 결론을 맺는다. 7-8장은 하나의 큰 설교로 처음 벧엘에서 몇 사람이 금식에 대하여 제사장과 서기관에게 질문한다. 당시 이스라엘 백성의 현실을 잘 말해준다. 유다가 멸망한 이후 과거의 멸망을 기억하며 슬퍼하며 금식하는 백성이다. 그러면서도 금식의 참된 의미를 잊고 여전히 하나님의 말씀을 순종하지 않는 이스라엘 백성에게 여호와의 말씀을 전한다. 그는 7장에서 그들이 환난당하는 이유를 설명해주고 8장에서는 자기 백성에 대한 여호와의 질투하시는 사랑 때문에 그 백성을 구하시갰다는 미래의 약속을 두번에 걸쳐 강조한다. 그러므로 구원받은 하나님의 백성은 두려워하지말고 진실하게 살것을 명령한다. 미래의 예루살렘의 회복과 수많은 이방이 하나님의 은혜를 구하는 자리로 나아올 것에 대한 소망을 통해서 현실을 살아갈 것을 명하고 있는 것이다.
- As chap. 8 concludes, the prophet completes the first part of the book, leaving Judah with ample reason to have confidence in the future. The Lord’s own assurances, indeed his very presence dwelling among the people in Zion, give all the faithful great optimism for their destiny. Psalm 126 captures the nation’s changing fortunes well:
When the Lord brought back the captives to Zion,
we were like men who dreamed.
Our mouths were filled with laughter,
our tongues with songs of joy.
Then it was said among the nations,
“The Lord has done great things for them.”
The Lord has done great things for us,
and we are filled with joy.
Restore our fortunes, O Lord,
like streams in the Negev.
Those who sow in tears
will reap with songs of joy.
He who goes out weeping,
carrying seed to sow,
will return with songs of joy,
carrying sheaves with him.
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 250–251.
When the Lord brought back the captives to Zion,
we were like men who dreamed.
Our mouths were filled with laughter,
our tongues with songs of joy.
Then it was said among the nations,
“The Lord has done great things for them.”
The Lord has done great things for us,
and we are filled with joy.
Restore our fortunes, O Lord,
like streams in the Negev.
Those who sow in tears
will reap with songs of joy.
He who goes out weeping,
carrying seed to sow,
will return with songs of joy,
carrying sheaves with him.
George L. Klein, Zechariah, vol. 21B, The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2008), 250–251.
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