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What Defiles a Person
14 And he called the people to him again and said to them, e“Hear me, all of you, and understand: 15 fThere is nothing outside a person that by going into him can defile him, but the things that come out of a person are what defile him.”5 17 And when he had entered gthe house and left the people, hhis disciples asked him about the parable. 18 And he said to them, “Then iare you also without understanding? Do you not see that whatever goes into a person from outside cannot defile him, 19 since it enters not his heart jbut his stomach, and is expelled?”6 (kThus he declared all foods clean.) 20 And he said, l“What comes out of a person is what defiles him. 21 For from within, out of the heart of man, come evil thoughts, sexual immorality, theft, mmurder, adultery, 22 coveting, wickedness, deceit, nsensuality, oenvy, pslander, qpride, rfoolishness. 23 sAll these evil things come from within, and they defile a person.”

e Matt. 13:51
f See Acts 10:14, 15
5 Some manuscripts add verse 16: If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear
g ch. 9:28
h [Matt. 13:36; 15:15]
i ch. 8:17, 18
j [1 Cor. 6:13]
6 Greek goes out into the latrine
k [Luke 11:41; Acts 10:15; 11:9]
l Matt. 12:34; James 3:6
m Matt. 5:22, 28; See Ex. 20:13, 14, 17
n 2 Cor. 12:21; Gal. 5:19; Eph. 4:19; 2 Pet. 2:7; Jude 4
o See Matt. 6:23 (Gk.)
p Eph. 4:31; Col. 3:8; 1 Tim. 6:4
q See Luke 1:51
r [Eph. 5:17]
s 1 Cor. 6:9, 10
 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2016), Mk 7:14–23.

14절) 고르반에 대한 가르침을 전하시고 나서 다시 무리들을 부르셔서 정결 음식(Kosher food)에 대한 말씀을 선포하신다. 
The main passages that treat Jewish food laws are Lev 11 and Deut 14:1–21. The early church had difficulty deciding what to do with these laws and other questions about food (Acts 10:1–11:18; 15:1–29; Rom 14; 1 Cor 8:1–11:1; Gal 2:11–14; Col 2:20–23). Mark found in the material available to him some teaching of Jesus about the matter. It is not as clear as the modern reader might think, or it would have settled the question, which obviously it did not. Although the statement in v. 15 is called a parable (parabolē) in v. 17, a better translation in context is “riddle.”
 James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 117.

15-16절) 밖에서 사람에게 들어가는 것, 즉 사람이 먹는 것이 사람을 더럽게 하는 것이 아니라 사람안에서 나오는 것, 즉 사람이 가지고 있는 마음의 생각이 사람을 더럽게 하는 것이라고 말씀하시는 주님
- can defile him. The problem of the defiled human heart is much deeper than one might assume (see Isa. 29:13–16; Jer. 17:9–10) and significantly more serious than mere ceremonial impurity (see Mark 7:19b). The core problem of defilement is what resides in the heart (things that come out), not things going into a person. Throughout Scripture, the heart refers to the center of one’s being, including the mind, emotions, and will.
 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1907.

한글 개역개정에서는 15-16절이 분리되어 있지만 원문에는 이 두절이 15절로 되어 있고 일부의 본문에 16절이 들어가 있다. 그 내용은 “들을 귀 있는 자는 들으라”이다. 
“If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear” is not found in the earliest and best manuscripts of Mark and is properly omitted by the NIV, RSV, NRSV, NEB, REB, and GNB.62 The statement is probably a scribal addition from 4:9, 23 under the influence of 7:14.
NIV New International Version
62 The NASB prints the verse in brackets and in the introduction states, “Brackets in the text are around words probably not in the original writings.”
 James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 118.

17-18절) 예수님께서 무리들을 향해서 비유로 말씀하셨을때 제자들은 그 비유의 내용을 깨닫지 못했다. 예수님께서 무리들을 떠나 집으로 들어오셔서 제자들과 함께 있을때 제자들은 그 비유를 물었고 예수님께서는 그들을 향해서 그 비유의 내용이 무엇인지를 설명해 주셨다. 주님과 가까이 있는다고 모든 것을 다 깨닫는 것은 아니지만 주님과 붙어 있을때 제자들은 주님을 아는 지식에 점점 자라가게 되었다. 
Alone with his disciples, Jesus gives further instruction on the importance of a pure heart (cf. note on v. 15). The disciples lack understanding (cf. 4:10–13, 40; 6:52; 8:14–21, 32–33), but they remain with Jesus, and they are gradually learning.
 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1907.

마가는 여러번에 걸쳐서 예수님께서 집에서 제자들을 가르치신 것을 이야기한다. 이 집은 계시의 상징이 된다. 이 집은 당시의 회당과는 대조되는 장소로 지금으로 말하면 교회라고 할 수 있을 것이다. 
- Several times Mark pictured Jesus as instructing his disciples in a house (also 9:28, 33; 10:10) so that the house becomes a symbol of revelation. Mark and his readers/hearers doubtless thought of their own house churches. Perhaps the significance of “house” can be seen by contrasting it with the synagogue, which Mark earlier identified as a place of rejection.
 James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 118.
 
19절) 예수님께서는 밖에서 들어가는 것, 사람이 섭취하는 음식이 사람을 더럽게 하지 않는다는 사실을 강조하신다. 유대인들은 정결 예법에 의해서 부정한 음식과 정한 음식이 나뉘어져 있었다. 이것이 하나님을 경외하고 하나님과의 교제에 장애물이 되는 죄의 실제를 알아가는데 도움이 되는 것이 사실이지만 이것이 본질이 아님을 말씀하신 것이다. 결국 예수님께서 십자가에서 죽으심으로 모든 율법의 요구를 이루셨기에 더이상 이 요구가 우리에게 미치지 않는 것이다. 주님은 배로 들어가는 음식은 마음으로 들어가는 것이 아니고 결국 모두 배설되어 밖으로 나가기에 이것은 우리들을 부정하게 할 수 없고 도리어 모든 음식물을 깨끗하다라고 선포하고 계신다. 
Mark notes that Jesus’ teaching, in essence, declared all foods clean. The Mosaic ceremonial laws distinguished between “clean” and “unclean” foods (see Lev. 11:1–47). Their purpose was to instill an awareness of God’s holiness and of the reality of sin as a barrier to fellowship with God. But once defilement of the heart is thoroughly removed and full fellowship with God becomes a reality (through the atoning death of Jesus; see Mark 10:45; Rom. 14:14; Heb. 8:6–13; 9:10, 14), the ceremonial laws have fulfilled their purpose and are no longer required—though as seen in Acts 10–11, it took several years for the disciples to understand this. (On Christian freedom from ceremonial laws, see notes on Acts 15:1; 15:19–21; Gal. 2:11–12; 4:10; 5:1; on food laws in particular, see 1 Tim. 4:3–5.)
 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1907.

마음은 유대인들에게 있어서, 그리고 성경에서 이정적인, 지적인 의사 결정을 하는데 매우 중요한 요소로 간주된다. ‘카디아’라는 이 헬라어 단어는 사람의 신체 기관중 심장을 나타내는데 이는 영적인 성품으로서의 행동을 나타낸다. 이는 도덕적, 종교적 삶의 요소로 간주되는 단어이다. 

20-23절) 사람에게서 나오는 그것이 사람들 더럽게 하는데 그것은 바로 악한 생각 곧 음란, 도둑질, 살인, 간음, 탐욕, 악독, 속임, 음탕, 질투, 비방, 교만, 우매함인데 이것이 바로 사람을 부정하게 만드는 것이다라고 말씀하신다. 리스트중 처음 7가지는 복수이고 나머지는 단수이다. 복수의 7가지는 반복적인 행위를 의미하고 나머지 단수로 사용된 6가지는 그들의 태도와 나쁜 버릇들을 의미한다. 
Verses 21–22 explain what Jesus had in mind when referring to what comes out of a person making that person unclean. Evil that comes out of a person’s heart, mind, or will makes the person unclean. In the Greek text the first seven items (those in v. 21 and the first three in v. 22) are plural, implying they are repeated acts; and the last six are singular, implying they are attitudes or vices. In English translation it is difficult to maintain the distinction between the plural and singular, although the NASB and NEB do. Except for the parallel in Matt 15:19, this is the only list of vices in the Synoptics, but similar lists are in a variety of Hellenistic literature, including pagan, Jewish, and Christian sources (Rom 1:29–31; Gal 5:19–21; Col 3:5, 8–9; 1 Tim 1:9–10; 2 Tim 3:2–4; 1 Pet 4:3). In fact, some have argued that the vocabulary of the list is that of Paul and the early church rather than Jesus and that Jesus could not have given the list. The list may well be a summary rather than a verbatim report of what Jesus said, but doubtless Jesus set forth a list of similar vices.
 James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 118.

우리는 외부의 음식이나 부정한 것이 우리를 더럽게 할 것이라고 여기고 이를 매우 심각하게 생각한다. 부정한 음식이라든지 더러운 물건이나 동물, 곤충, 벌레를 볼때 매우 심각하게 반응한다. 하지만 실제로 이러한 것들을 우리를 부정하게 만들지 못한다. 도리어 우리의 속에서 나오는 악한 생각들이 우리를 더럽게 만드는 것이다. 



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