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A Great Crowd Follows Jesus
lJesus withdrew with his disciples to the sea, and ma great crowd followed, from Galilee and Judea and Jerusalem and nIdumea and from beyond the Jordan and from around oTyre and Sidon. When the great crowd heard all that he was doing, they came to him. And he told his disciples to phave a boat ready for him because of the crowd, lest they qcrush him, 10 for rhe had healed many, so that all who had sdiseases pressed around him tto touch him. 11 uAnd whenever the unclean spirits saw him, they vfell down before him and cried out, “You are wthe Son of God.” 12 And xhe strictly ordered them not to make him known.

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2016), 막 3:7–12.

7-8절) 갈릴리에서 온 큰 무리와 그 외 지역, 즉 유대와 예루살렘, 이두매와 유단강 건너편과 또 두로와 시돈 근처에서 온 많은 무리가 예수님께서 하신 큰 일을 듣고 그분께 나아왔다. 여기서 예수님께서 하신 큰 일은 바로 그분이 행하신 치유의 이적이었다. 
- The original text of vv. 7–8 is quite uncertain. Some textual witnesses omit “followed,” some omit “Idumea,” some omit “many people,” and some make other changes. The NIV translated what probably is the original text, which distinguishes between two groups, one from Galilee, which had special importance for Mark, and one from the other places. The text, which omits “followed” and “many people,” suggests only one group.
NIV New International Version
 James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 70.

9-10절) 많은 무리가 인산인해를 이루어서 위험할 지경이었다. 서로 밀치고 몰리면서 위험한 상황이 벌어질 것을 미연에 방지하기 위해서 작은 배를 준비하도록 하셨다. 이처럼 사람들이 몰린 이유는 예수님의 치유의 이적을 사람들이 보고 병으로 고생하는 이들이 고침을 받기 위해서 몰렸다. 이들은 예수님께 나아와 그분을 만지고자 했는데 이는 그분을 만지면 자신의 병이 고침을 받을 것이라고 믿었기 때문이다. 이처럼 많은 이들이 예수를 만지고자 몰렸기 때문에 위험의 소지가 있었고 이를 방지하기 위해서 예수님은 작은 배를 타고 그 무리들과 조금 떨어져 있으려고 한 것이다. 본문의 작은배는 ‘플로이아리온’이라는 단어로 신약에서 5번 사용된다. (막 3:9; 요 6:22, 23, 23, 21:8)

11-12절) 더러운 귀신들도 예수를 보면 언제나 그 앞에 엎드려 그분을 향해서 “당신은 하나님의 아들입니다”라고 외쳤다. 이에 대해서 예수님께서는 그렇게 말하지 말것을 엄히 명하셨다. 앞서 1:24, 34절에서도 이미 예수님을 하나님의 거룩한 자라고 공개적으로 고백하는 귀신들을 향해서 잠잠 할 것을 명령하셨다. 이 귀신들은 온전한 헌신의 고백에서가 아니라 두려움 가운데 주님을 고백했다. 이러한 고백은 예수님을 오해하게 만든다. 아직 주님의 때가 임하지 않았기에 주님께서는 이러한 형태로 자신을 드러내시는 것에 대해서 극도로 경계하셨다. 하지만 이후에 그분의 십자가앞에서 그분이 누구이신지 백부장은 분명히 고백한다.(15:39) 본문을 보면 귀신이 사실로 인정하는 부분(그분이 하나님의 아들이시라는 것)을 도리어 종교 지도자들은 인정하지 않으려고 했다는 것을 알 수 있다. 
- In 1:24, 34 the demons knew who Jesus was, and in 1:24 one called him “the Holy One of God.” Here they explicitly confessed that he is “the Son of God”—the ultimate Christological title. Theirs was, however, not a confession of commitment but of fear (cf. Jas 2:19) and even opposition—the latter because some thought that if one knew and used the name of a divine being, he or she could control that being. This is one reason Jesus refused to let the demons use an otherwise appropriate title. The account provides an example of Mark’s irony. Another reason Jesus silenced the demonic confession is that the title they used can be understood properly only in light of his death and resurrection. Therefore the time for such explicit confession had not come. Only at the crucifixion did a human being confess Jesus as Son of God (15:39). Mark probably intended to contrast what the demons acknowledged as a fact with what the religious leaders were not willing to consider as a possibility. James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 70.

무리들이 예수님을 따르는 것은 눈에 보여지는 이적 때문이었다. 이 과정에서 귀신들은 주님이 누구이신지 분명히 인식했지만 도리어 종교 지도자들을 예수님을 죽이려고 했다. 



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A Man with a Withered Hand
cAgain dhe entered the synagogue, and a man was there with a withered hand. And ethey watched Jesus,1 to see whether he would heal him on the Sabbath, so that they might accuse him. And he said to the man with the withered hand, “Come here.” And he said to them, f“Is it lawful on the Sabbath to do good or to do harm, to save life or to kill?” But they were silent. And he glooked around at them with anger, grieved at htheir hardness of heart, and said to the man, “Stretch out your hand.” iHe stretched it out, and his hand was restored.
jThe Pharisees went out and immediately jheld counsel with kthe Herodians against him, how to destroy him.

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2016), 막 3:1–6.


Five Controversies from Mark 2:1–3:6
ReferencePoint of Conflict
2:1–12forgiveness
2:15–17eating with sinners
2:18–22fasting
2:23–28Sabbath
3:1–6Sabbath, and the decision to kill Jesus Crossway Bibles
 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1897.

1절) 예수님께서는 정기적으로 제자들과 함께 회당에 가셔서 예배를 드리셨다. 그 회당에 손 마른 사람, 손이 마비된 사람이 있었다.  그런데 바리새인이 안식일에 주님께서 그 사람을 고치시는가를 주시하고 있었다. 왜냐하면 그들은 안식일에 누군가를 고치는 것은 일하는 것이고 이는 안식일을 어기는 것이라고 여겼기 때문이다. 이렇게 의도를 가지고 주시하고 있는 이들이 있음에도 주님께서는 이를 개의치 않으시고 손마른 사람을 일으켜 세우시고 그를 고치신다. 
- The scribes believe that healing is a form of work and is thus not permitted on a Sabbath. Accuse (Gk. katēgoreō, “accuse, bring charges”) is a technical term: they seek to mount a legal case against Jesus by collecting evidence against him. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1898.

4절) 예수님께서 사람들, 곧 자신을 고발하려고 주시하고 있는 바리새인들을 향해서 안식일에 선을 행하는 것과 악을 행하는 것, 생명을 구하는 것과 죽이는 것 중에 무엇이 옳은가를 질문하신다. 이 질문에 대한 대답은 당연히 생명을 구하기 위해서 선을 행하는 것이다. 그렇기에 안식일에 고치는 것이 당연함에도 바리새인들에게 있어서 안식일은 무노동을 원칙으로 하고 있기에 모세 율법의 근본 정신은 도외시하고 그 형식만을 강조하고 있는 것이다. 마가는 안식일에 단지 쉬거나 노동을 하지 않는 것은 안식일의 근본 정신을 살리는데 충분한 것이 아님을 알았다. 안식일에는 반드시 모든 종류의 선한 일을 적극적으로 행해야 한다. 
- By his question Jesus lifted the issue of Sabbath observance above a list of prohibitions to the higher general principle. No one would claim that it was “lawful” or right to do evil or kill on the Sabbath. The obvious alternative is that it must be right to do good and save life. To heal is to do good; to do nothing is to do evil. To heal is to “save” a life;14 not to heal is the equivalent of killing.15 For Mark merely not doing work and resting on the Sabbath or the Lord’s Day was not enough. The day must be used for all kinds of good things.
The Pharisees were silent because whatever answer they gave to Jesus’ question would have undermined their position on Sabbath observance.

14 The verb to save is used here in its nontheological sense of deliverance from any kind of harm. As previously indicated, all of Jesus’ healings of the body are symbols of his healing of the soul, which is often referred to by the technical term “salvation.” Jesus’ healings were a sign of the nearness of the kingdom of God.
15 Some think this is an allusion to the plot to kill Jesus mentioned in v. 6. The most natural interpretation, however, is that killing is set in contrast with healing.
 James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 68.

5절) 예수님께서는 잠잠한 그들을 보시고 그들의 마음이 완악함을 인하여 분노를 가지고 탄식하셨다. 예수님의 분노는 죄악된 인간의 분노와는 본질적으로 다르다. 그분의 분노는 악에 대한 분노로 완벽하게 통제된 것이다. 예수님의 분노는 고통에 대해 무감각한 것에 대한 것일 뿐만 아니라 율법의 정신보다 그 문자적인 것에 더욱 강조점을 주는 율법의 전체 시스템에 대한 분노였다. 
- Here is a certain reference to the anger of Jesus (see also 10:14 and compare the comments on 1:41 and the accounts of the expulsion from the temple). In their parallel accounts Matthew and Luke preferred not to attribute to Jesus an emotion that among humans is often sinful. Jesus’ anger was not sinful, however, because it was directed toward evil and because it was controlled. Perhaps “with righteous indignation” would avoid the offense. “At their stubborn hearts” could be translated more literally “at their hardness of heart,” but the word “hardness” often takes on the additional idea of willful “blindness.” The NEB and REB have a striking rendition here: “Looking round at them with anger and sorrow at their obstinate stupidity.” Jesus was angry not only at insensitivity toward suffering but at the entire system of legalism where the letter is more important than the spirit. James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 68.

6절) 예수를 죽이기 위해서, 그분을 올무에 빠뜨리기 위해서 평상시에 서로 반목하며 적대시하던 두 그룹, 바리새인들과 헤롯당원들이 서로 손을 잡는다. 본문은 마가복음에서 예수의 죽음에 대해서 처음 암시하는 구절이다. 앞서 5개의 논쟁을 마무리하면서 이러한 갈등이 그분을 죽음으로 이끌어가는 것을 알 수 있다. 이처럼 바리새인들과 헤롯당원이 예수를 죽이려는 음모는 예수님께서 이땅에 오신 이유와는 정반대이다. 그분은 구원하시기 위해서 오셨을뿐만 아니라 모든 사람들에게 생명을 주시기 위해서 오셨기 때문이다. 
- In all of ancient literature the Herodians are referred to only here and in 12:13 (cf. Matt 22:16).16 One can only surmise that they supported Herod Antipas, the tetrarch of Galilee and Perea (see the comments on 6:14–29). They may have further advocated restoration of Herodian rule of Judea, which was a Roman imperial province governed by a legate, or (as such officials were later called) procurator, during the ministry of Jesus. Ordinarily the Pharisees would have had nothing to do with the Herodians, but common enemies often make strange bedfellows. Perhaps the Herodians opposed Jesus because of his relationship to John the Baptist, who condemned Herod’s divorce and remarriage (6:18).
The first explicit reference to Jesus’ death is in v. 6. The verse concludes not only the present pericope but all five conflict stories. The Pharisees’ plot to “kill” (apolesosin, which literally means destroy as one would do to an animal) one who not only saved a life but who came to give life to all exemplifies Markan irony.

16 The references in Josephus, War 1.16.6 and Antiquities 14.15.10 are nontechnical and are associated with supporters of Herod the Great (40–4 b.c.).
 James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 69.






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23 rOne Sabbath he was going through the grainfields, and as they made their way, his disciples sbegan to pluck heads of grain. 24 And the Pharisees were saying to him, “Look, twhy are they doing uwhat is not lawful on the Sabbath?” 25 And he said to them, v“Have you never read wwhat David did, when he was in need and was hungry, he and those who were with him: 26 how he entered the house of God, in the time of4 xAbiathar the high priest, and ate ythe bread of the Presence, which it is not lawful for any but the priests to eat, and also gave it to those who were with him?” 27 And he said to them, z“The Sabbath was made for man, anot man for the Sabbath. 28 So bthe Son of Man is lord even of the Sabbath.”

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2016), 막 2:23–28.

23-24절) 안식일에 예수님과 제자들이 밀밭 사이로 지나가다가 이삭을 잘랐다. 이를 보고 바리새인들이 안식일을 범하느냐고 예수님께 지적한다. 배고플때 손으로 타인의 밭에서 곡식을 따먹는 것을 허락되었지만 안식일에 일하는 것은 금지된 것이었다. 
시기적으로 볼때 팔레스타인 지역에 밀이 5-6월에 익는데 이 사건은 예수님의 죽음 10개월 여전인 3-4월 경에 일어난 것으로 추정된다. 
- Deuteronomy 23:25 implies that, in the case of hunger, it was permissible to eat heads of grain from any field one might pass by. Work, however, was not permitted on the Sabbath (Ex. 34:21). Pharisaic interpretation sought to guard against work on the Sabbath by prohibiting even the minimal “work” involved in thus satisfying one’s hunger. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1897.

25-26절) 율법을 존중하고 지킬 필요가 있지만 비상시에, 절박한 상황에서 다른 선택을 할 수가 있음을 말한다. 에수님은 삼상 21장 1-6절을 통해서 다윗과 그 일행들이 먹을 것이 없어 하나님의 전에 있는 진설병을 먹은 것을 예로 들고 있다. 본문은 대제사장 아비아달 때라고 말하는데 실제로 삼상 21:1을 보면 아히멜렉이 대제사장이었고 아비아달은 그의 아들이다. 그렇다면 왜 본문에서 아비아달 때라고 말하는가? 첫번째로 아비아들이 구약에서 다윗의 통치시기에 가장 저명한 대제사장이기 때문이고 두번째로는 삼상 22장의 사울의 명령에 의해서 도엑에 의해서 제사장들이 학살될때 살아남은 유일한 제사장으로 삼상에서 가장 유명한 대제사장이다. 또 다른 해석으로는 Abba-Abiathar(아비아달의 아버지)에서 아바가 빠졌다는 것이다. 
- Jesus initially emphasizes that the restrictive Pharisaic interpretation of the law does not take into account the situation of need in which David and his men found themselves (1 Sam. 21:1–6). David ate the bread of the Presence, so it follows that, at least in the case of need, actions are allowed on a Sabbath that otherwise might not be permitted. in the time of Abiathar the high priest. The incident with David actually occurred when Ahimelech, not his son Abiathar, was high priest (1 Sam. 21:1). “In the time of Abiathar” could mean: (1) “In the time of Abiathar, who later became high priest” (naming Abiathar because he was a more prominent person in the OT narrative, remaining high priest for many years of David’s reign); (2) “In [the Scripture section of] Abiathar, the high priest” (taking Gk. epi plus the genitive to indicate a location in Scripture, as in Mark 12:26). Abiathar, the only son of Ahimelech to survive the slaughter by Doeg (1 Samuel 22), is the best-known high priest in this larger section of 1 Samuel. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1897.
- Another explanation, building upon the fact that the Aramaic word abba means father (cf. Mark 14:36), is that the original had Abba-Abiathar (i.e., “father of Abiathar,” who was in fact Ahimelech). Abba was then accidentally omitted by an early copyist because its first two letters are the same as the first two of Abiathar. The last is perhaps the best explanation, though it apparently assumes an original Aramaic text. No explanation is completely satisfactory. The implied comparison between David and Jesus suggests that Jesus possessed authority similar to that of David and that in some sense he was David’s successor. The idea is developed further in 11:10. James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 66.

예수님은 인간의 필요가 예식법에 우선한다는 사실을 밝히셨다. 

27-28절) 안식일이 사람을 위하여 있는 것이지 사람이 안식일을 위해서 있는 것이 아님을 분명히 하신다. 그러므로 인자가 안식일의 주인임을 밝히신다. 이는 만약 안식일이 사람들의 유익을 위한 것이고 인자가 모든 사람들의 주인이라면 인자는 마땅히 안식일의 주인이어야 한다는 것이다. 




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13 He went out again beside the sea, and dall the crowd was coming to him, and he was teaching them. 14 eAnd as he passed by, he saw fLevi the son of Alphaeus sitting at the tax booth, and he said to him, “Follow me.” And he rose and followed him. 15 And as he reclined at table in his house, many gtax collectors and sinners were reclining with Jesus and his disciples, for there were many who followed him. 16 And hthe scribes of1 the Pharisees, when they saw that he was eating with sinners and tax collectors, said to his disciples, g“Why does he eat2 with tax collectors and sinners?” 17 
And when Jesus heard it, he said to them, “Those who are well have no need of a physician, but those who are sick. iI came not to call the righteous, jbut sinners.”

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2016), 막 2:13–17.

13-14절) 예수께서 다시 바닷가에 나가셨을때 큰 무리가 나아왔고 예수는 그들을 가르치셨다. 또 지나가시다가 알패오의 아들 레위가 세관에 앉은 것을 보시고 그를 부르셨다. 이에 그의 부름에 응답하여 레위가 주님을 따랐다. 
본문의 알패오의 아들은 레위, 다른 이름으로는 마태로 주님의 제자이다. 

15절) 그의 집(레위의 집)에서 식사하실때에 세리와 죄인들과 예수와 그의 제자들이 함께 앉아서 식사를 했다. 본문의 제자들은 마가복음에서 58번 사용되는데 본문에 처음 등장하는 것이다. 제자의 어원상 의미는 학습자라는 의미인데 예수의 제자들은 그 이상이었다. 예수님은 제자들이 다른이들의 필요를 채워주는 그런 사역자가 되기를 원하셨다. 
많은 세리와 죄인들이 그 자리에 있었고 그들중에 일부는 예수를 따랐다. 제자됨에 있어서 선생을 따르는 것은 매우 중요한 요소이다. 누구를, 무엇을 따르느냐는 매우 중요한 요소로 세리로서 돈을 따르는 것보다, 죄인으로 죄를 따르는 것보다 예수를 따를때 그들의 인생은 변화될 것이다. 

16절) 바리새인중에 서기관들이 예수님께서 죄인들과 세리들과 함께 식사하는 것을 보고 그분을 비난한다. 어찌하여 그들과 함께 할 수 있는가라고 말이다. 바리새인은 분리주의자라는 어원을 가진다. 이들은 율법을 지키고 서기관들에 의해 가르쳐진 구전해석을 중시했다. 그래서 죄인들로 여거지는 무리들과 함께 하는 것에 대해서 극도로 거부감을 나타내고 있는 것이다. 
- Here Mark mentioned the Pharisees for the first of twelve times. They were a party of laymen that developed during the period of Hasmonean independence (142–63 b.c.) and devoted themselves to keeping the law, especially its oral interpretation, as taught by the scribes. The name probably means separatists, and they may have been called such because of their separation from the common people, the “sinners” of the present passage. Despite the very close relationship of the groups, not all scribes were Pharisees; and only a few Pharisees were scribes. Mark indicated that fact by his unique expression “scribes of the Pharisees,” which the NIV renders “teachers of the law who were Pharisees.”
NIV New International Version
 James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 62–63.

17절) 예수님께서는 건강한 자에게는 의사가 쓸데 없고 병든자에게 반드시 필요하다라고 말씀하시면서 자신은 의인을 부르로 온 것이 아니라 죄인을 부르러 왔다고 말씀하신다. 의사가 병든자들과 분리되어서는 그들을 고치고 치료할 수 없고 본연의 임무를 수행할 수 없음같이 주님의 이땅가운데 오심이 바로 그러하다는 것이다. 하나님의 영광의 자리에 계신 가장 고결하고 정결하신 분이 이 땅에 오신 이유는 죄악되고 연락한 우리들을 구원하시기 위해서 이다. 
- The love of Jesus for all kinds of sinners, his initiative in seeking them, his giving them full acceptance, and his desire to have close fellowship with them was a new and revolutionary element in religion and morals. Mark intended to convey the message that the disciples of Jesus should have the same attitude. James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 63.

이 시대의 교회는 약하고 소외받는 이들보다 강하고 주목받는 사람들에게 관심을 가진다. 우리의 관심은 어디에 있는가? 우리의 주변의 레위인, 세리는 누구인가? 중요한 것은 주님께서 이러한 죄인들과 세리들에게 관심을 가졌다는 것이고 이들에게도 주님의 사랑과 구원이 임했다는 것이다. 


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And when he returned to tCapernaum after some days, it was reported that he was at home. And many were gathered together, so that there was no more room, not even at the door. And he was preaching the word to them. uAnd they came, bringing to him a paralytic carried by four men. And when they could not get near him because of the crowd, vthey removed the roof above him, and when they had made an opening, they let down the bed on which the paralytic lay. And when Jesus wsaw their faith, he said to the paralytic, “Son, xyour sins are forgiven.” Now some of the scribes were sitting there, questioning in their hearts, “Why does this man speak like that? yHe is blaspheming! zWho can forgive sins but God alone?” And immediately Jesus, aperceiving in his spirit that they thus questioned within themselves, said to them, “Why do you question these things in your hearts? Which is easier, to say to the paralytic, ‘Your sins are forgiven,’ or to say, ‘Rise, take up your bed and walk’? 10 But that you may know that bthe Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins”—he said to the paralytic— 11 “I say to you, rise, pick up your bed, and go home.” 12 And he rose and immediately picked up his bed and went out before them all, so that they were all amazed and cglorified God, saying, “We never saw anything like this!”

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2016), 막 2:1–12.

1절) 갈릴리에서 가버나움으로 들어가신 주님. 가버나움은 나사렛에서 북동쪽으로 32km정도 떨어진 도시로 이 지역 사역의 중심지였다. 

2절) 예수님께서 선포하시던 도는 바로 하나님 나라의 복음으로 임박한 하나님의 다스림과 회개의 필요성, 그리고 그분을 믿을 것에 대해서 선포하셨다.

4절) 중풍병자를 예수님께 인도하기 위해서 지붕을 뜯어 구멍을 내는 친구들. 
- A flat roof could be accessed from the outside. It consisted of branches or sticks, combined with clay, and Luke adds the detail that this roof also had clay “tiles” (see note on Luke 5:19), which were used on some houses at that time. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1896.

5절) 이 친구들과 병자의 믿음을 보시고 그에게 “네 죄 사람을 받았느니라”라고 선포하시는 주님. 본문의 믿음은 주님의 이적과 관련해서 매우 중요한 요소이다. 친구를 고쳐주실 것을 믿고 지붕을 뜯어내고 나아간 이들을 보시고 애정어린 눈길로 죄사함의 선포를 하신 주님. 
- The reference to “faith” is significant. Several other times Mark associated it with miracles (5:34; 9:23; 10:52), and its importance in the Gospel generally has already been affirmed in the commentary on 1:15. Probably the reference is to the faith of the four who went to such lengths to get the paralytic before Jesus, although the faith of the paralytic himself should not be excluded. “Son” or “child” is a term of endearment and reveals nothing about the person’s age. In view of the reaction of the teachers of the law, it should be noted that Mark did not claim Jesus said, “I forgive your sins.” To indicate what God had done, the Jews often used the passive voice so they could avoid pronouncing his sacred name. The statement in v. 5 means no more than “your sins have been forgiven by God.” Nevertheless the Jewish authorities understood Jesus to have forgiven the man’s sins (v. 7), and in v. 9 Jesus seems to have admitted that he had forgiven the sins. James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 58.

6-7절) 이를 바라보던 서기관이 마음 속으로 이는 신성 모독이다. 하나님 한분 외에 그가 누구이기에 죄를 사하는가?라고 생각했다. 당시 유대인들에게 있어서 마음은 감정의 자리가 아니라 오직 지적 행동의 자리로 여겨졌다. 
- A literal translation of the Greek text is “reasoning in their hearts.” In Hebrew thought the heart was not so much the seat of the emotions as it is today but the seat of intellectual activity.
- Blasphemy is irreverent, profane, impious speech about God; and its penalty in Old Testament times was death (Lev 24:16). Here the charge prepares the way for the same accusation at Jesus’ trial (14:60–64). The scribes were certainly correct that the Scriptures everywhere teach that “God alone,” or better “One, even God” or “the one God,” can forgive sins. Nor did Jesus deny this. What they failed to recognize was that the reign of God had drawn near in Jesus and that he had authority to act on God’s behalf.

 James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 58–59.
 
8절) 주님의 선포를 신성모독으로 생각하는 서기관의 생각을 예수님께서 중심에 아셨다. 주님께서 이렇게 다른 이들의 마음을 아셨을까? 이것이 근본적으로 우리의 인생과 하나님의 아들이신 주님의 차이를 보여준다. 주님은 이미 모든 인생들의 문제와 그들이 겉으로 드러내지 않지만 마음속에 생각하고 고민하는 문제를 알고 계신다. 

9절) 중풍병자에게 네 죄사함을 받았다라고 말하는 것과 일어나 네 상을 가지고 걸어가라고 하는 말중에 어느것이 더욱 쉽겠느냐? 일차적으로 볼때 “네 죄사함을 받았다”라고 말하는 것이 쉬워 보인다. 왜냐하면 이것을 당장에 눈에 보이지 않아서 검증 불가능하기 때문이다. 반면에 일어나라라고 말하는 것은 당장 눈에 보이는 것이기에 이렇게 선포했는데 병자가 일어나지 않는다면 자신의 실패가 당장에 드러나기에 더욱 어려워 보인다. 하지만 좀더 나아가 보면 “네 죄사함을 받았다”라는 선포가 더욱 어려운 것임에 틀림없다. 왜냐하면 이는 오직 하나님만이 하실 수 있는 선포이기 때문이다. 그런데 본문에서 예수님은 이 두가지를 모두 행하신다. 죄사함의 선포를 통해서 인생의 궁극적 문제를 해결해주셨을 뿐만 아니라 그의 당면한 질병의 문제를 해결해주신 것이다. 
- Ironically, the scribes evidently thought it was easier to affirm the forgiveness of sins than to heal because the former could not be verified and the latter could. For Jesus and Mark, however, the granting of healing and forgiveness are equally the work of God. James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 59.

10절) 그러나 인자가 죄사하는 권세가 있는줄을 알게 하겠다라고 말씀하시고 일어나 상을 가지고 집으로 가라라고 말씀하신다. 문맥의 흐름대로라면 죄사함의 권세가 있으니 내가 너를 사하노라라고 말해야 하지만 주님은 지금 당신이 죄사함의 권세를 보여주시겠다라고 말씀하시면서 그의 질병을 고쳐주시는 것이다. 하나님의 아들이신 그분이 이에 자신을 인자라고 표현하시면서 신적인 권위를 보여주고 계시는 것이다. 죄사함이나 치유 모두 하나님께서 행하시는 놀라운 능력임에 틀림없다. 
마가복음에서는 14번에 걸쳐서 인자라는 표현이 등장한다. 이 표현은 예수님이 자신을 스스로 드러내실때 즐겨 사용하신 표현이다.  왜 예수님께서 자신을 인자로 지칭하셨는지는 불분명하다. 영어 본문은 the Son of Man이라고 표현된다. 일반적인 사람이 아니라 바로 그 사람의 아들인 것이다. 그래서 어떤 이들은 이 인자라는 호칭이 일반적인 인생을 가리킨다고도 하고 어떤 이들은 초월적인 신적인 존재를 지칭한다라고 보기도 한다. 하지만 분명한 것은 예수님은 이 호칭을 통해서 자신을 지칭하는 메시야(그리스도)라는 정치적인 명칭을 사용하는 것을 피했다는 것이다. 
- Here appears for the first of fourteen times in Mark the term “Son of Man.” It is the most frequent Christological title in Mark, though “Son of God” is arguably more important (see the comments on 1:1). In the Gospels the term is always used by Jesus as a self-designation.6 In the Old Testament it usually means simply a man, a human being (Pss 8:4; 144:3; 145:12 [obscured in NIV]; Ezek 2:1, 3, 6, 8, etc.).7 The plural “sons of men” in Mark 3:28 (RSV, NASB; NIV simply “men”) reflects this usage. A possible exception to the Old Testament usage is Dan 7:13, where it may refer to a transcendent being or to the “saints of the Most High” (v. 18), i.e., Israel. In the apocryphal book 1 Enoch (chaps. 46–48; 62–71), it almost certainly refers to a supernatural being.
The question arises, Why did Jesus choose this term as his favorite self-designation? The best answer is its ambiguity. It could refer to an ordinary human being or to a supernatural being. It had overtones of both humanity and deity. By using it, Jesus forced persons to make up their own minds as to what kind of person he was. Was he a man or The Man? By using the term, Jesus further avoided the undesirable political connotations of the term Messiah/Christ.
Contemporary scholars, however, debate endlessly which if any of the “Son of Man” passages are authentic, i.e., go back to Jesus himself as opposed to having been placed on his lips by the early church. The lack of consensus after more than a century of such debate raises the question of the legitimacy of the whole endeavor. Even if some of the passages do not reflect what Jesus actually said, there is no certain way to determine which are genuine and which are not. The reports of the Evangelists should be accepted as accurate summaries but not necessarily the exact words of Jesus. How could they always be the latter when they are often highly condensed? Nevertheless, on rational grounds alone, it is virtually certain that Jesus did refer to himself as the Son of Man. Otherwise, how can one explain the absence of the expression from the Epistles that reflect the usage of the early church?
The “Son of Man” passages in Mark can be divided into those that deal with Jesus’ authority during his earthly ministry (here, 2:28); his suffering, death, and resurrection (8:31; 9:9, 12, 31; 10:33–34, 45; 14:21 [twice], 41); and his glorious return (8:38; 13:26; 14:62). Therefore Mark’s use of the term emphasizes not the identity but the destiny of Jesus. The one who is truly human must suffer and die. But this same person is more than a man, and he must also be raised from the dead and return in glory.

6 It appears elsewhere in the NT only in Acts 7:56, where Stephen used it to refer to Jesus, and in Rev 1:13 and 14:14, where it also refers to Jesus, even though its source is probably Dan 7:13 rather than the Gospels. But see the final comments on v. 10 and those on 2:28.
NIV New International Version
7 “Son of” is a Hebraism meaning characterized by. A “son of destruction” (2 Thess 2:3, NASB) is one who is characterized by being “doomed to destruction” (NIV), and a “son of man” is one who is characterized by humanity.
NIV New International Version
 James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 59–60.

하나님 나라의 복음을 힘있게 선포하시는 주님. 이에 사람들은 그분의 가르침과 이적을 통해서 이전에 보지 못했던 권위를 느겼고 하나님께 영광을 돌리며 이런 일은 이전에 도무지 본 적이 없다라고 고백했다. 



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40 iAnd a leper8 came to him, imploring him, and jkneeling said to him, k“If you will, you can make me clean.” 41 Moved with pity, he stretched out his hand and touched him and said to him, “I will; be clean.” 42 And immediately the leprosy left him, and he was made clean. 43 And lJesus9 sternly charged him and sent him away at once, 44 and said to him, m“See that you say nothing to anyone, but go, nshow yourself to the priest and ooffer for your cleansing what Moses commanded, pfor a proof to them.” 45 qBut he went out and began to talk freely about it, and to spread the news, so that Jesus could no longer openly enter ra town, but was out in rdesolate places, and speople were coming to him from every quarter.

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2016), 막 1:40–45.

40절) 본문의 나병은 한센병(문둥병)이라고 알려진 병만이 아닌 만성적인 피부병을 의미한다.(레 13장) 
당시 나병은 고침의 대상이 아니라 깨끗함의 대상이었다. 왜냐하면 이 병은 죄의 상징으로 여겨졌고 그래서 깨끗함을 받아야할 것으로 여겨진 것이다. 레위기 13-14장을 보면 나병환자의 규례가 나오는데 이병을 가진 이들은 먼저 자신의 부정함을 사람들에게 알려야만했다. 그래서 도시와 마을 외곽에서 살아야만 했는데 지금 이 나병환자는 예수님앞에 나아와 주님께서 자신을 깨끗하게 해주실 수 있음을 알고 이를 요청하고 있는 것이다. 
- Widespread agreement exists among commentators that in the Bible “leprosy” is a general term covering various chronic skin diseases and is not limited to Hansen’s disease as is the contemporary use of the word (“a man suffering from a dreaded skin disease,” GNB). Without treatment in a hot climate many skin diseases were vicious. Not only was the disease painful and debilitating but it rendered the victims religiously and socially unclean. They were required to live outside of cities and towns, have no contact with anyone, and declare themselves unclean when anyone approached. The law regarding leprosy is found in Lev 13–14. The Bible never speaks of healing leprosy, always of cleansing it. Part of the reason may be the loathsome nature of the disease, but a more likely explanation is that leprosy is a symbol of sin that must be cleansed. The episode implies that Jesus can forgive sin and therefore prepares for 2:1–12. James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 54–55.

41-42절) 본문은 매우 중요한 원문상의 문제를 가진다. 한글 본문은 '불쌍히 여기사’라고 기록하고 있다. 
(막 1:41, 개정) 예수께서 불쌍히 여기사 손을 내밀어 그에게 대시며 이르시되 내가 원하노니 깨끗함을 받으라 하시니
(Mk 1:41, NIV11) Jesus was indignant.* He reached out his hand and touched the man. “I am willing,” he said. “Be clean!” / *Many manuscripts Jesus was filled with compassion
(Mk 1:41, ESV) Moved with pity, he stretched out his hand and touched him and said to him, "I will; be clean."
(막 1:41, KJV) And Jesus, moved with compassion, put forth his hand, and touched him, and saith unto him, I will; be thou clean.
본문은 불쌍히 여기사와 분노하시며로 나뉜다. 나병환자의 상황에 대해서 질병의 고통가운데 있는 이에 대한 주님의 연민과 불쌍히 여기심, 동시에 죄와 질병에 대해서, 또한 이러한 질병의 상황을 해결하지 못하는 당시의 종교지도자들에 대해서,  율법들 어기고 예수님께 나아오고 있는 이에 대해서 분노하고 있다고 해석한다. 
- This verse contains a more important textual problem. The vast majority of textual witnesses, including those usually considered the most reliable, have a word meaning filled with compassion. Only one Greek manuscript, four Old Latin manuscripts, and one early Christian writer—all of medium value—have a word meaning having become angry (“In warm indignation,” NEB; “Jesus was moved to anger,” REB). Why scribes would have changed the latter to the former is easy to see, but that they would have changed the former to the latter is inconceivable. Despite the massive external attestation for “filled with compassion,” internal considerations are so strong that “having become angry” probably is the original. Furthermore, several other references in Mark refer to Jesus being angry, although they use different words (see 3:5; 10:14). Whether Jesus was “filled with compassion” or “moved to anger,” he displayed human emotion. Mark had no reservations about depicting the humanity of Jesus.
The question then arises, About what or with whom was Jesus angry? Was he angry with the leper? Most interpreters insist that such a thing would be out of character for Jesus, and certainly the idea that Jesus was angry with the leper for interrupting him or approaching him contrary to the law may be set aside. Most who adopt the variant reading take the position that Jesus was angry with the strangely unnamed religious authorities for being unable or unwilling to help the man or that Jesus was angry with the entire evil order in which suffering has such a prominent part. Before a decision can be made about the object of Jesus’ wrath, the stern verbs of v. 43 need to be considered. Jesus was perhaps angered that the leper doubted that the God active in Jesus’ ministry desired his cleansing (cf. Jesus’ reaction to doubt in 9:22–23).

 James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 55.

43-44절) 이에 병자를 고치시고 그에게 엄히 경고하며 보내신다. 이 일을 아무에게도 말하지 말고 고침받은 몸을 제사장에게 보이고 제물을 드려 그들에게 이 증거를 보일 것을 말씀하신다. 본문에 그들에게로 번역된 단어는 to then & against로 해석이 가능하다. 후자로 해석할 경우 예수님의 사역에 나타난 하나님의 능력을 인정하지 않는 제사장들에게 그 증거를 보여서 이를 입증하라고 이야기하시는 것이다. 
- Still another problem is the meaning of the last item in the verse. The word “them” probably refers to the priests, even though the word “priest” earlier in the verse is singular. Alternatively, it could refer to the people generally; but in this case there is no antecedent for the pronoun. In Greek the testimony can be either “to them” or “against them.” If the former, evidence of the healing is presented; but this is so obvious that it need not be stated. If the latter, the priests who do not recognize the power of God at work in Jesus produce evidence against their worthiness to hold the office. In 6:11 the same three words certainly mean against them, and that is probably the idea here. James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 56.

45절) 하지만 그 사람은 예수님께서 침묵하라고 하신 명령을 듣지 않고 나아가 그 이야기를 널리 전파하게 되었고 그래서 많은 이들이 예수님께 나아옴으로 드러내고 다니지 못할 지경이 되어 버렸다. 본문의 전파하다는 ‘케리쏘’로 복음이 선포될때 주로 사용되는 단어이고 이 일은 ‘로고스’인데 일반적으로 하나님의 말씀을 의미하는데 본문에서는 예수님이 행하신 이 이적을 의미한다. 예수님은 그에게 잠잠하라고 명하셨지만 고침을 받은 이 사람은 도저히 침묵할 수 없었던 것이다. 주변의 사람들도 그의 모습에 의아해했고 이를 증거하지 않을 수 없었을 것이다. 이렇게 누르면 누를수록 예수님의 존재와 그분의 가르침, 능력은 사람들에게 퍼져나갔다. 
- This verse contains the first instance of disobedience to the command to be silent, unless the word “he” refers to Jesus. The word “preach” (kēryssō, translated “talk freely” by the NIV) usually refers to the proclamation of the gospel, and the word “word” (logos, translated “news” by the NIV) often refers to the word of God; but they sometimes have a more general meaning as the NIV properly understands.
 James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 57.



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35 cAnd rising very early in the morning, while it was still dark, he departed and went out to a desolate place, and dthere he prayed. 36 And Simon and those who were with him searched for him, 37 and they found him and said to him, e“Everyone is looking for you.” 38 And he said to them, “Let us go on to the next towns, that I may preach there also, for fthat is why I came out.” 39 gAnd hhe went throughout all Galilee, preaching in their synagogues and casting out demons.

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2016), 막 1:35–39.


35절) 새벽 미명에 예수님께서 한적한 곳으로 가셔서 기도하셨다. 본문의 한적한 곳은 광야와 동의어이다. 그분은 의도적으로 무리들과 제자들과 떨어져서 하나님과의 교제의 시간을 가지기 원하셨다. 그 교제의 시간을 위해서 주님은 아침 일씩 일어나셔서 무리들을 떠나서 한적한 곳으로 가셔서 기도하셨다. 그분과의 교제를 위해서 의도적으로 일어나, 떠나, 나아가, 기도하신 것이다. 우리는 주님과의 교제를 위해서 어떤 일을 하고 있는가? 이외에도 마가복음에서 중요한 시점에 의도적으로 한적한 곳에 나아가 기도하시는 장면이 등장한다. 
- In only two other places did Mark indicate that Jesus prayed, in 6:46 after walking on the water and in 14:32–42 in Gethsemane. All three were times of crisis when Jesus was tempted to take an easy way rather than that of suffering and death. James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 53.

아주 중요한 사명, 어려운 일에 봉착했을때 간절히 기도하는 부류가 있는가 하면 이미 위대한 일을 이룬 가장 바쁜 중에도 새벽에 일어나는 부류의 사람이 있다. 본문의 사건, 주님이 기도하신 것은 기도에 대해 매우 중요한 교훈을 우리에게 제공한다. 
- Every person has some measure of power. The fundamental issue is not how we can obtain more, but how we use what we have. Praying as Jesus did is a tremendous statement about power. In God’s original design we were created to exercise authority as stewards. Whether we pray about the things that are within our power to do reveals a great deal about us. In this sense we might even speak of prayer as a barometer of faith. In prayer we submit our will to God’s. If we do not pray, it is quite possible that we are operating on our own agenda and have refused our proper role as stewards. Ronald J. Kernaghan, Mark, The IVP New Testament Commentary Series (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2007), 49–50.

36-37절) 시몬과 그와 함께 있는 자들(안드레, 야고보, 요한)이 주님을 따라가 모든 사람이 주님을 찾습니다라고 말한다. 본문 36절에서 예수의 따라가라는 단어는 ‘카타디오코’로 나쁜 의도로 뒤따르다라는 의미이다. 앞서서 주님의 이적을 보고 이를 추구하는 많은 이들앞에 예수를 드러내고 자랑하기 위한 의도가 있었다. 말하자면 예수님의 사역의 의도를 아직 제자들이나 무리들은 이해하지 못하고 있었던 것이다. 
- Here Mark indicated the error of the disciples. They wanted Jesus to take advantage of his growing popularity and perform more miracles. However, Jesus’ primary mission was not to be a miracle-worker but a redeemer. The disciples failed to understand that the popularity itself made Jesus want to withdraw. The people of Capernaum apparently had no interest in Jesus beyond his miracles or any interest in coming under the reign of God. The verb Mark chose near the end of v. 37 (zētousin) is filled with irony. Whatever Aramaic verb the disciples used, they meant it in a good sense. Everywhere else in Mark, however, the Greek verb, which is not the same as in v. 36, translated “looking for” means to seek with evil or inappropriate intention. Mark recognized that the acclaim of the crowd was not good. Verse 37 is the first instance in Mark where the disciples failed to understand the mission of Jesus. James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 53–54.

38-39절) 이에 예수님께서는 다른 가까운 마을로 가자하시며 내가 전도하는 이 일을 위해서 이땅에 왔음을 이야기하시고 실제로 갈릴리 여러 회당을 다니시며 전도하시고 귀신을 내어쫓으셨다. 누가는 조금더 구체적으로 하나님 나라의 복음을 전하기 위해서 이땅에 왔다라고 기록하고 있다. 
- Jesus’ answer contains an ambiguity. The last statement could be translated literally, “For this [purpose] I have come out.” The question is whether the reference is to leaving Capernaum, going into all of Galilee, or having come from God. Luke’s parallel (4:43) takes the third possibility, and Mark probably meant the same thing (cf. Mark 1:24). James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 54.

본문의 핵심은 하나님 나라의 복음의 선포이다. 이 일을 능력있게 선포하기 위해서 그분은 말씀을 통해서, 이적을 통해서 그 일을 하고 계신다. 주님은 이 하나님 나라의 능력이 이땅에 실제로 임재했음을 보여주는 도구로 이적을 선포하고 계신다. 하나님 나라의 복음이 역사적으로, 사회적으로, 영적으로, 정치적으로 영향력을 가지고 있음을 본문을 통해서 보여주고 있는 것이다. 
- This section draws to a close with a brief summary: So he traveled throughout Galilee, preaching in their synagogues and driving out demons (1:39). This is the second time in two verses that Mark emphasizes Jesus’ preaching mission. Yet except for the brief outline of his message in 1:15, we do not have a sample of his preaching. In fact, it is not until the beginning of Mark 4 that Mark lets Jesus speak long enough to give us anything like a sermon. Is it not strange to find this insistence on the importance of preaching and then to observe Jesus doing everything except preaching?
Could it be that Mark intends to tell us what Jesus preached by showing us what he did? Could these miracle stories also be sermons? There is a very good reason for thinking that this is actually so, for the one sample of Jesus’ preaching that we have announces that the time has come and that the kingdom of God is near. We have already seen that the way in which the stories in 1:16–39 are told reflects the first theme. These events are connected in a rapid-fire narrative that indicates that the time has come for something new.
In a similar way the stories also demonstrate that the kingdom of God is near. They show the power of the kingdom making its presence felt in the world. It makes new demands on people. It comes against the powers of evil, and it frees people from illness. In a remarkable way this is the climax of the initial exposition of Jesus’ authority. In the interplay between what Jesus proclaims and what he does, we see an awesome demonstration of power: what he proclaims happens, and it happens immediately.
Here we find the key to understanding the role of miracles in the Gospel of Mark. They are his words taking shape among the historical, social, spiritual and political forces that shape the world. They are sermons that become events. In one way or another they are all expressions of his fundamental proclamation that the kingdom of God is near. Without the miracles his preaching would be another collection of encouraging words, suitable perhaps for greeting cards or occasions when something inspirational needed to be said. But Jesus did not come to offer the world an anthology of inspirational sentiment. He came with a message of power, and that power is displayed in the miracles. For this reason his words and actions are inseparable.

 Ronald J. Kernaghan, Mark, The IVP New Testament Commentary Series (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2007), 50–51.



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29 vAnd immediately he7 wleft the synagogue and entered the house of Simon and Andrew, with James and John. 30 Now xSimon’s mother-in-law lay ill with a fever, and immediately they told him about her. 31 And he came and ytook her by the hand and lifted her up, and the fever left her, and she began to serve them. 32 That evening at sundown they brought to him all who were sick or zoppressed by demons. 33 And the whole city was gathered together at the door. 34 
aAnd he healed many who were sick with various diseases, and cast out many demons. And bhe would not permit the demons to speak, because they knew him.

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2016), 막 1:29–34.

29-31절) 회당에서 나와 시몬과 안드레의 집에 야고보와 요한과 함께 들어가셔서 시몬의 장모가 열병에 걸린 것을 보시고 나아가서 그 손을 잡아 일으키자 열병이 떠나고 여자가 그들에게 수종들었다. 마가가 베드로의 이야기를 듣고 이 내용을 기록한 것으로 보인다. 질병에 고통당하는 이에 대한 주님의 연민과 이에 대한 즉각적인 치유, 그리고 여인의 즉각적인 순종을 볼 수 있다. 이는 아주 단순하지만 매우 중요한 제자도의 모델이다. 예수님께서는 모든 이들에 대해서 관심을 가지고 계심을 볼 수 있다. 

32-34절) 저물어 해지는 이 때는 바로 안식일 저녁, 토요일 오후 6시정도일 것이다. 안식일에는 먼거리를 이동하거나 사람이나 물건을 옮길 수 없었기에 안식일 규정에 따라 해가 진 후에 병자들과 귀신 들린 자들을 예수께 데려 온 것이다. 본문속에서 마가는 과장법을 사용한다. 온 동네, 모든 병자들을 말하는데 당시에 보기에 정말 병든 자들중에 많은 이들이 그분앞에 나아온 것이고 예수 께서는 여러 병자들을 고치시고 귀신들인 많은 이들에게서 귀신을 쫓아내셨다. 그리고 이 귀신들을 향해서 잠잠할 것을 명령하신다. 

우리는 본문을 앞선 본문과의 연속선 상에서 읽어야 한다. 앞선 본문이 예수께서 안식일에 가버나움 회당에서 가르치시고 더러운 귀신을 쫓아내신 것이다. 이제 이 소식이 주변에 퍼졌고 안식일 해가 떨어지자 예수님께 많은 이들이 나아와 치유를 경험했다. 당시의 안식일 규정이라는 질서 속에서 새로운 날, 하나님 나라의 도래가 이루어지고 있고 사람들이 이에 반응하고 있는 것이다. 해가 지는 것은 안식일이 마쳐지고 새로운 날이 시작된다는 의미인 것이다. 
- Mark makes a point of assuring his audience that the sun had set (1:32). Sundown signified the end of the Sabbath and the beginning of a new day. Unlike people of the modern world, Peter’s contemporaries used sundown to demarcate one day from its successor. It seems that the good people of Capernaum felt that it was inappropriate for them to bring their sick friends and relatives to Jesus before the Sabbath had ended. Precisely why they were concerned is not evident. The Sabbath controversies that figure so prominently in 2:18–3:6 have not yet materialized. Still, there is a discernible tension between the old ways of life that are regulated by the Sabbath and the presence of Jesus through whom things happen immediately, without regard for the rhythm of the week. We should not overlook that in the Gospel of Mark Jesus performed his first two miracles immediately on the Sabbath. Ronald J. Kernaghan, Mark, The IVP New Testament Commentary Series (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2007), 48.






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Jesus Heals a Man with an Unclean Spirit
21 jAnd they went into Capernaum, and immediately kon the Sabbath lhe entered the synagogue and was teaching. 22 And mthey were astonished at his teaching, mfor he taught them as one who had authority, and not as the scribes. 23 And immediately there was in their synagogue a man with an unclean spirit. And he cried out, 24 n“What have you to do with us, Jesus of Nazareth? Have you come to destroy us? oI know who you are—pthe Holy One of God.” 25 But Jesus qrebuked him, saying, “Be silent, and come out of him!” 26 And the unclean spirit, rconvulsing him and scrying out with a loud voice, came out of him. 27 And they were all tamazed, so that they questioned among themselves, saying, “What is this? uA new teaching with authority! He commands even the unclean spirits, and they obey him.” 28 
And at once his fame spread everywhere throughout all the surrounding region of Galilee.

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2016), 막 1:21–28.

일반적인 축사 이야기는 먼저 귀신이 등장하고 귀신의 방어, 축사, 이것을 바라본 사람들의 반응으로 전개된다. 
- This typical exorcism story consists of an encounter with a demon (v. 23), the demon’s defense (v. 24), the exorcism itself (vv. 25–26), and the effect on the observers (vv. 27–28). 
James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 49.

21절) 가버나움은 예수님의 갈릴리 사역의 중요 요충지였다. 
- There must be a period of time between vv. 20 and 21 because what is in vv. 16–20 could not have taken place on a Sabbath. Although not mentioned in the Old Testament, Capernaum, meaning village of Nahum or village of consolation, was an important town on the northwest shore of Lake Galilee. Capernaum was on the main road between Egypt and Mesopotamia, in the tetrarchy (rule of a fourth part or any petty kingdom) of Herod Antipas and near the border of the tetrarchy of Philip, and the site of a toll station. Jesus seems to have made Capernaum his headquarters during much of his Galilean ministry. James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 49.
당시 회당에 방문한 선생이 있을때 그를 초청해서 말씀을 듣는 것이 일반적인 풍습이었다. 예수님은 공식적인 수업을 받으신 적은 없지만 이미 알려진, 평판좋은 선생이었고 이날도 그래서 회당에서 가르치신 것이다. 
- It was a common practice for visiting teachers to be invited to read the Scripture and/or speak, a custom from which Paul as well as Jesus benefited. That Jesus was invited to speak indicates he had already established a reputation as a teacher and that this was not one of the first events in his ministry. Jesus was recognized as a teacher even by his opponents (cf. 12:19), although there is no evidence that he had received any formal training. Certainly he was not a typical rabbi.
Fifteen times Mark indicated that Jesus taught (also v. 22; 2:13; 4:1–2; 6:2, 6, 34; 8:31; 9:31; 10:1; 11:17; 12:14, 35; 14:49), and twelve times he referred to him as a teacher (see references in comments on 4:38). He did not give much of the content of Jesus’ teaching. Here Mark gave none.

 James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 50.

22절) 예수님의 가르침은 다른 서기관들과는 달리 권위가 있었다. 왜냐하면 주님은 이전에 다른 학자들이나 선생들의 말을 인용하는 방식으로 가르치시지 않았고 신적 권위를 가지고 말씀하셨기 때문이다. 또한 말씀과 이적을 함께 행하심으로 주님은 자신의 말씀과 사역에 능력이 있음을 보여주셨다. 예수님에게 있어서 더 강조점을 가르침에 있었지만 회중들의 입장에서는 그분의 이적에 더 초점을 맞추고 그것에 열광했다. 또한 이러한 신적이 이적이 그분의 말씀에 더욱 큰 권위를 싫어준 것도 사실이다. 
서기관은 단지 율법을 필사하는 역할만 한 것이 아니라 그것을 읽고 해석해주는 역할을 했다 구약의 에스라가 성경에 언급된 첫번째 서기관이라고 할 수 있다. 
- The word usually translated “scribes” is found twenty-one times in Mark and is regularly translated “teachers of the law” by the NIV. They were not copyists but scholars and therefore experts in the interpretation of the law. Their interpretations, which in the time of Jesus existed only in oral form and are therefore called the oral tradition (cf. 7:5–13), constituted a second law that came to be as important as the written, or Mosaic, law. Ezra was the first such scribe mentioned in Scripture (Ezra 7:6, 11, 12, 21).
NIV New International Version
 James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 50.

23-24절) 마침(곧) 바로 그때, 예수님이 회당에서 권위있는 말씀을 가르치시는 그때 더러운 귀신들린 사람이 소리지르며 예수님과 조우한다. 그는 “나사렛 예수여, 우리가 당신과 무슨 상관이 있습니까? 우리를 멸하러 오셨습니까? 나는 당신이 누구인줄 아는데 하나님의 거룩한 자 입니다”라고 외친다. 본문에서 보는 것처럼 귀신은 예수님의 존재에 대해서 그분이 누구신지, 무엇을 위해서 오셨는지 분명히 알고 있었다. 이 질문은 그분의 행동을 촉구한다. 
- 2 Chr 35:21). The second sentence, however, could be an assertion rather than a question: “You have come to destroy us!” The demon tried unsuccessfully to oppose Jesus by employing his name. Note how the demon spoke through the man, sometimes for himself and sometimes for demons in general. “Holy One of God” probably is a messianic title, although there is very little attestation for that. In the Old Testament God is usually the Holy One. Here the title implies that Jesus has a special relationship with God. In v. 24 the demon acknowledged the true identity of Jesus (cf. v. 34)—something the disciples were slow to do. In fact, only at the crucifixion did a human being confess Jesus as the Son of God, and he was not one of the disciples (15:39). James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 51.

25-26절) 예수님께서 귀신들린 자의 외침을 꾸짖으사 잠잠하라 하시고 그에게 나오라 명하신다. 이에 더러운 귀신이 경련을 일으키며 그 사람에게서 나왔다. 예수님께서는 아직 자신의 때가 이르지 아니하였기에 그에게 자신이 누구인지를 말하는 것을 금하신다. 
예수님께서는 자신의 이러한 이적행함이 그분의 때와 하나님나라 복음의 본질을 흐릴 것을 우려해서 드러내시지 않으려고 했으나 이것을 금할수록 더욱 널리 펴져나갔다. 
- Although silencing the demon was common in exorcisms, commands of silence are so prominent in Mark that v. 25 should be looked upon as the first intimation of the so-called “messianic secret.” Where demons are involved, an adequate explanation might be that even true testimony from satanic beings could only discredit Jesus in the eyes of most.2Another explanation must be sought, however, where his disciples (8:30; 9:9) and those who had been healed or who had been witnesses of healings (1:44; 5:43; 7:36; and a variant reading at 8:26) were silenced. Jesus likely did not want to be known primarily as a wonder-worker or at all as a political or military deliverer because such a reputation would compromise his main mission of redemption (cf. 10:45). Even so the problem remains of why, if he did not want to be widely known for his miracles, he kept performing them in public and why the silence kept being violated (1:45; 7:24, 36). In 5:19 Jesus even commanded a person to go home and tell how his demons had been expelled. A possible answer is that in the Bible generally and in Mark’s presentation of Jesus specifically there is tension between the known and the unknown, between the revealed and the veiled. Until the cross and resurrection the true nature of Jesus could not be fully known.
2 Cf. Paul’s rejection of the testimony of the demon-possessed girl (Acts 16:16–18).
 James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 51.

27-28절) 이렇게 귀신이 물러나는 것을 보고 권세있는 새로운 가르침으로 여겼고 이에 그분의 소문이 갈릴리 주변으로 퍼져나가게 되었다. 이처럼 이적은 복음서에서 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 마가는 17번의 예수님의 이적을 기록하고 있다. 하지만 마가는 이적 자체를 예수의 권위나 신성의 증거로 여기지 않았다. 이러한 이적은 믿음과 함께할때에야 비로서 증거가 되는 것이다. 이러한 이적은 하나님 나라의 도래의 사인이다. 특별히 귀신을 쫓아내는 것은 사탄의 통치가 무너지고 하나님의 통치가 사작되었음을 나타낸다.
- Miracles obviously play an important role in this Gospel. Mark recorded seventeen individual miracles of Jesus and summarized others. In doing so he devoted more space in proportion to total length than any other Gospel. Nevertheless he did not attempt to employ them as compelling proof of the deity or authority of Jesus. They become “proof” only when accompanied by faith. They are signs of the advent of the kingdom of God. Especially do the exorcisms denote the breaking down of the reign of Satan and the establishing of the reign of God. James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 51–52.

결국 이적의 핵심은 하나님 나라의 도래를 눈앞에 보여주는 것이다. 사탄의 통치로 괴로워하는 백성들에게 이제 그 통치가 무력화 되었고 하나님의 새로운 시대가 도래했음을 눈앞에 보여주는 것이다. 이것이 이적의 핵심이다. 하지만 이러한 이적만을 추구하며 살기를 원하는 것은 건강한 신앙이라고 할 수 없다. 


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Jesus Calls the First Disciples
16 hPassing alongside the Sea of Galilee, he saw Simon and Andrew the brother of Simon casting a net into the sea, for they were fishermen. 17 And Jesus said to them, “Follow me, and I will make you become ifishers of men.”6 18 And immediately they left their nets and followed him. 19 And going on a little farther, he saw James the son of Zebedee and John his brother, who were in their boat mending the nets. 20 
And immediately he called them, and they left their father Zebedee in the boat with the hired servants and followed him.

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2016), 막 1:16–20.

앞서 세례요한의 세례와 광야의 시험이후에 예수님께서 공생애를 시작하시면서 처음 행하신 일이 바로 제자들을 부르신 것이다. 이 부름은 예수님이 주도권을 가지시고 제자들이 주님을 찾기 이전에 그들을 부르셨는데 예수님의 초청에 대해서 그들은 즉각적으로, 완전하게 순종했다. 
- By beginning Jesus’ ministry with this account, Mark showed that the disciples were qualified to be witnesses of his entire ministry. He showed the importance of discipleship. He showed the way in which all should respond to Jesus’ summons: promptly and completely. He showed the inseparable relationship of discipleship and Christology. And he showed that Jesus takes the initiative in making disciples: they do not seek him, but he seeks them. James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 48.

Jesus’ Ministry in Galilee

Jesus spent most of his life and ministry in the region of Galilee, a mountainous area in northern Palestine. Jesus grew up in the hill town of Nazareth, about 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south of the Gentile administrative center of Sepphoris. Soon after he began his public ministry, Jesus relocated to Capernaum on the Sea of Galilee. By Jesus’ time, a thriving fishing industry had developed around the Sea of Galilee, and several of Jesus’ disciples were fishermen.

 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1894.

16절) 갈릴리 호수(갈릴리 바다)라고도 불리운다. 마가복음에서 시몬은 6번, 베드로는 18번, 시몬 베드로는 1번 등장한다. 바다에 그물을 던지고 있는 시몬과 안드레를 보심.

17절) 이제 이 둘을 “사람을 낚는 어부(fishers of men)”로 부르심. 구약에서 이 표현은 심판을 위한 부름이었지만 이 예수님의 부름은 심판이 아니라 구원을 위한 부름이다. 
- The idea of God calling persons to fish for people is found in the Old Testament, most clearly in Jer 16:16; but there the purpose was to bring people to judgment. Here it was to escape judgment. Note that Mark pictured Jesus as an example of what he required of others. James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 48.

18절) 그리고 이 부름에 대해 시몬과 안드레는 전적으로 순종하여 그물을 버려두고 주님을 따른다. 당시 그물을 고기를 잡는 어부에게 있어서 전 재산이고 생계의 중요한 수단이었다. 그런데 이것을 버려두고 따른다는 것은 제자됨의 댓가를 전적으로 지불하는 것을 보여준다. 이 본문에서는 예수님과 이 둘 사이에 어떤 사전 관계가 있었는지에 대한 정보는 없다. 전혀 모르던 관계에서 첫 만남을 통해서 이러한 반응을 보인다는 것은 참으로 쉽지 않은 일이다. 그리고 이후 그들의 가족들도 주님을 따랐다는 것을 알 수 있다.(1:29)

19-20절) 조금 더 가시다가 이제 세베대의 아들 야고보와 그 형제 요한을 보시고 그들을 부르심. 그들도 배에서 그물을 손질하고 있다가 아버지와 품군들을 버려두고 예수를 따른다. 시몬과 안드레의 행동이 즉각적인 반응을 보여준다면 야고보와 요한은 완전한 반응을 보여준다고 할 수 있다. 그들은 자신들의 배와 품꾼을 둘정도로 나름 부요한 생활을 하고 있었다. 그런데 주님의 부름앞에 아버지와 품군들, 배와 그물을 모두 버려두고 주님을 따른 것이다. 주님의 제자가 된다는 것, 주님을 따른 다는 것이 얼마나 많은 댓가를 지불해야만 하는 것인지 나아가 때로는 가족과의 관계도 끊어야할 상황이 있음을 보여주고 있다. 





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