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The Triumphal Entry
11 iNow when they drew near to Jerusalem, to jBethphage and Bethany, at kthe Mount of Olives, Jesus1 sent ltwo of his disciples and said to them, “Go into the village in front of you, and immediately as you enter it you will find a colt tied, mon which no one has ever sat. Untie it and bring it. If anyone says to you, ‘Why are you doing this?’ say, ‘The Lord has need of it and will send it back here immediately.’ ” And they went away and found a colt tied at a door outside in the street, and they untied it. And some of those standing there said to them, “What are you doing, untying the colt?” And they told them what Jesus had said, and they let them go. And they brought the colt to Jesus and threw their cloaks on it, and he sat on it. And many nspread their cloaks on the road, and others spread leafy branches that they had cut from the fields. And those who went before and those who followed were shouting, o“Hosanna! pBlessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! 10 Blessed is qthe coming rkingdom of sour father rDavid! oHosanna tin the highest!”
11 uAnd he entered Jerusalem and went into the temple. And when he had looked around at everything, as it was already late, vhe went out to Bethany with the twelve.

i For ver. 1–10, see Matt. 21:1–9; Luke 19:29–38; John 12:12–15; [Zech. 9:9]
j Matt. 21:17; Luke 24:50; John 11:18
k Zech. 14:4; Matt. 24:3; 26:30; John 8:1; [Acts 1:12]
1 Greek he
l [ch. 14:13]
m [Luke 23:53]
n 2 Kgs. 9:13
o See Ps. 118:25 (Heb.)
p Matt. 23:39; Cited from Ps. 118:26
q See Luke 1:32
r [Ezek. 37:24, 25]
s [Acts 2:29]
r [Ezek. 37:24, 25]
o [See ver. 9 above]
t Luke 2:14; [Ps. 148:1]
u Matt. 21:10
v ver. 19; Matt. 21:17
 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), Mk 11:1–11.

11:1–13:37 Entering and Judging Jerusalem. Jesus enters Jerusalem triumphantly, he cleanses the temple, and he authoritatively teaches both opponents and disciples.
 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1917.

마가 복음의 경우 전체의 38퍼센트를 예수님의 고난에 할애하고, 특히 주님의 죽으시는 날에 20퍼센트를 할애하고 있다. 11-16장은 모두 예루살렘 근처에서 발생했는데 마가의 생각에 갈릴리가 예수님이 사람의 아들로 또한 하나님의 아들로서의 계시의 장소라면 예루살렘은 예수님에 대한 반대와 저주의 장소로 여겼다. 
Mark’s Gospel has sometimes been described as a passion narrative with a lengthy introduction. Such a description is, of course, an exaggeration. Mark had other purposes for his Gospel, but the passion was of overriding importance. Approximately 38 percent of the Gospel is devoted to the week of the passion (chaps. 11–16) and 20 percent to the day of Jesus’ death (chaps. 14–15). Everything in chaps. 11–16 takes place in or very near Jerusalem. In Mark’s thinking, Galilee was the place of the revelation of Jesus as the Son of Man and Son of God, but Jerusalem was the place of opposition to and condemnation of Jesus. Much of the account relates to controversies with the authorities (11:27–12:40). They conspired to kill Jesus (11:18; 14:1–2); he condemned the temple as a “den of robbers” (11:17) and predicted its destruction (13:2).
 James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 175–176.

마지막 한주일의 사건들 
Apparently Mark placed the entry into Jerusalem on Sunday, the cursing of the fig tree and the clearing of the temple on Monday, the observation of the withered fig tree on Tuesday, the final conspiracy against Jesus and the anointing in Bethany on Wednesday (but see the comments on 14:1), the preparation for the Passover on Thursday, the Passover meal and arrest on Thursday evening, the trials and crucifixion and burial on Friday, and the resurrection on Sunday. The time of the disputes in the temple and the eschatological discourse is uncertain, perhaps Tuesday, perhaps Wednesday.
 James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 176.

막 14-15장은 복음서의 핵심으로 예수님께서 왜 죽으셔야 했는지 그리고 어떻게 그분이 죽으셨는지를 기록하고 있다. 
Chapters 14–15 are the climax of the Gospel. Everything else leads up to them. They answer two crucial questions: Why did Jesus have to die? How did he die? Mark answered the first question by indicating that Jesus’ death was an absolute necessity, part of the divine plan, the will of God. He no doubt did this to answer the objections of opponents that the shameful death of Jesus showed he was an imposter. Members of his own community may have wondered why God did not rescue Jesus. Mark answered the second question by showing that Jesus died with dignity and integrity. His account is characterized by reserve.
 James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 177.

Jerusalem at the Time of Jesus
By the time of Jesus, Jerusalem had grown from a modest military fortress to a world-class city with a newly renovated temple that rivaled nearly any in the ancient world. Public pools were fed by the Gihon Spring and by two aqueducts that brought water to the city from as far as 7 miles (11 km) away. The towns of Bethphage and Bethany were located on the eastern slopes of the Mount of Olives, which lay to the east of Jerusalem. See also Jerusalem in the Time of Jesus.

 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1917.


1절) 위 그림에서 보는 바와 같이 감람산 왼쪽에 예루살렘이 위치하고 있고 그 남동쪽 편에 베다니가 위치하고 있었다. 이 마지막 여정의 목적지는 예루살렘인데 그 길을 향해서 한걸음씩 나아가고 계신 것이다. 

2-3절) 이에 주님께서 제자 둘을 보내시면서 맞은 편 마을로 가서 아무도 타보지 않은 매여있는 나귀새끼를 보거든 그것을 풀어서 끌고 올 것을 명하신다. 그리고 만일 사람들이 왜 그러느냐고 물으면 주가 쓰시겠다라고 대답하라고 말씀하셨다. 
여기서 마을이 벳바게인지 베다니인지 명확하지 않지만 좀더 가까운 벳바게 일 것으로 보인다. 마 21:2에서는 나귀와 그 나귀 새끼에 대한 언급이 있는데 마가는 나귀 새끼만을 언급한다. 아직 아무도 타보지 않은 나귀 새끼를 거룩한 용도로 드릴 것을 요청하고 있는 것이다. 그렇다면 제자들은 이 나귀 새끼가 아직 아무도 타보지 않은 것인지 어떻게 알 수 있었을까? 

4-6절) 주님의 명령을 받아 제자들이 가서 본즉 나귀 새끼가 문 앞 거리에 매여 있었고 그것을 풀때 근처에 서 있던 사람이 나귀 새끼를 풀어서 무엇에 쓸려고 하는가라고 물었다. 이에 제자들이 주님이 말씀해주신대로 “주가 쓰시겠다”라고 말했고 이에 이들이 이를 허락했다. 

7절) 제자들이 나귀새끼를 끌고와서 그 위에 겉옷을 얹고 이를 타시는 예수님. 이는 구약의 예언의 성취이다. 
Jesus fulfills a prophecy about the Messiah in Zech. 9:9 by riding on a donkey; see notes on Matt. 21:4–5 and John 12:15.
 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1918.

8절) 겉옷과 나무가지를 펴는 행위는 왕을 세우고 그분을 왕으로 인정하는 행동으로 매우 중요하다. 
On the significance of cloaks and branches, see 2 Kings 9:12–13 and notes on Matt. 21:8; John 12:13.
 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1918.
많은 사람들이 겉옷을 펼치고 또한 들에서 벤 나뭇가지, 요한복음 12:13에서는 감람나무 가지, 를 그분이 가시는 길에 펼쳤다. 이는 왕의 위엄을 상징하는 행동이다. 

9-10절) 무리들은 “호산나, 주의 이름으로 오시는 이여, 우리의 조상 다윗의 나라여 가장 높은 곳에서 호산나, 찬송하리로다”라고 외쳤다. 호산나는 이땅을 구원하소서, 우리를 구하소서라는 외침이다. 이는 매우 정치적인 표현으로 당시 로마의 압제 가운데 있던 이들이 유월절, 애굽에서의 탈출을 기억하며 기리는 이 날에 예수님의 예루살렘 입성을 자신들의 해방으로 여기고 환호하는 것이다. 하지만 주님은 로마의 압제로부터의 해방을 목적으로 하신 것이 아니라 죄와 죽음, 사탄의 압제로부터 당신의 사랑하시는 백성들을 해방시키시는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 
Hosanna (Hb. “Save!” or “Please save!”; see Ps. 118:25). Here “Hosanna” points to the celebration of Jesus as a political, Davidic messiah (cf. 2 Sam. 7:14; Isa. 9:1–21; 11:1–16; Jer. 23:1–8). Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord is from Ps. 118:25–26, a prayer of blessing for the coming messianic kingdom (but see also notes on Matt. 23:39; Luke 13:35). The Triumphal Entry takes place at the beginning of Passover week, which recalls the Jewish people’s liberation from Egyptian slavery (see notes on Mark 14:17; John 2:13); the pilgrims now anticipate the messianic liberation from Rome’s oppression. The claims of the disciples are ultimately true, but it will not be Rome that is defeated now but Satan, sin, and death. All enemies of righteousness will one day see the authority of Messiah. This is the only time in Mark where there is no evident tension between Jesus’ messianic identity, the messianic expectations of his disciples, and those of the people (cf. Mark 2:8–10; 8:27–31; 10:45). Jesus tolerates this brief period of celebration in fulfillment of Zech. 9:9, but with the certainty that nothing will obstruct the divinely ordained death of the Messiah.
 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1918.

11절) 이렇게 예수님께서 예루살렘에 이르러 성전에 들어가셔서 모든 것을 둘러 보셨다. 때가 저물어 12제자를 데리고 베다니로 나가셨다. 주님은 성전을 먼저 둘러보셨는데 이는 다음날 성전 청결을 위한 사전 포석이었다. 

많은 이들이 본문을 승리의 입성이라고 말하지만 마가는 지금 그러한 것에 관심이 없어 보인다. 다른 복음서와 다르게 마가는 무리들이 길에 펼친 가지가 감람나무인 것을 명기하지 않는다. 그는 지금 그러한 주제에 관심이 없었던 것이다. 
Each year Christians celebrate Jesus’ entry into Jerusalem on Palm Sunday. The palm branches we use that day symbolize victory and triumph. Some Bibles even title this passage “The Triumphal Entry.” The Gospel of Mark, however, is not interested in palm branches. In fact, Mark makes no mention of palm trees at all. The branches that people spread before Jesus in this Gospel were simply branches. Furthermore, this was no victory parade. The procession came to an inconclusive end when Jesus entered the temple, looked around and left (11:11). Mark’s interest lies elsewhere. Of the eleven verses in this passage the first seven are devoted to an unlikely event: borrowing an animal.
 Ronald J. Kernaghan, Mark, The IVP New Testament Commentary Series (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2007), 211.
도리어 나귀 새끼를 가져 오는 것에 많은 분량을 할애하고 있는데 본문을 읽다보면 그 새끼가 아무도 타보지 않은 것인지 어떻게 알았을까라는 의문이 든다. 그리고 과연 나귀 새끼를 찾는 것이 쉬운일이 이었을가라는 생각도 든다. 하지만 중요한 것은 이 모든 것을 주님이 예비하셨다는 것이다. 이삭의 배우자를 찾으러 갔던 아브라함의 종 엘리에셀은 어떤 여인이 하나님이 이삭의 아내로 정하셨는지를 하나님께서 알려주시기를 청한다.(창 24:13-14) 그는 낙타 열필을 끌고 가다가 성에 들어가 우물을 길러오는 여인들중에 자신에게 나아와 자신과 낙타에게 물을 마시우게 하는 여인을 하나님이 정하신 사람으로 여기겠다고 한다. 그러자 놀랍게도 말을 마치기도 전에 리브가가 물동이를 메고 나아왔다. 본문 속에서도 예수님께서 말씀하시고 가서 본즉 그곳에 나귀가 매여 있었다. 이처럼 하나님께서 


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Jesus Heals Blind Bartimaeus
46 xAnd they came to Jericho. And yas he was leaving Jericho with his disciples and a great crowd, Bartimaeus, za blind beggar, the son of Timaeus, was sitting by the roadside. 47 And when he heard that it was aJesus of Nazareth, he began to cry out and say, “Jesus, Son of David, have mercy on me!” 48 And many brebuked him, telling him to be silent. But he cried out all the more, “Son of David, have mercy on me!” 49 And Jesus stopped and said, “Call him.” And they called the blind man, saying to him, c“Take heart. Get up; he is calling you.” 50 And throwing off his dcloak, he sprang up and came to Jesus. 51 And Jesus said to him, e“What do you want me to do for you?” And the blind man said to him, f“Rabbi, let me recover my sight.” 52 And Jesus said to him, “Go your way; gyour faith has hmade you well.” And immediately he recovered his sight and followed him on the way.

x For ver. 46–52, see Matt. 20:29–34; Luke 18:35–43
y [Luke 18:35; 19:1]
z John 9:1, 8
a ch. 1:24
b Matt. 19:13
c John 16:33
d ch. 13:16 (Gk.)
e ver. 36
f John 20:16
g ch. 5:34; Matt. 9:22; Luke 7:50; 8:48; 17:19
h ch. 5:23, 28; 6:56
 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), Mk 10:46–52.

본문의 앞서 8:22-26역시 맹인을 고치시는 장면이다. 이 앞뒤로 주님께서 제자들에게 예수님의 죽음과 부활에 대해서 가르치시고 또한 제자도에 있어서 중요한 교훈을 가르치신다. 예수님께서는 이러한 이적을 통해서 제자들이 영적으로 맹인임을 말씀하시며 주님의 사역을 위해서 영적인 눈이 열려야함과 동시에 그분이 능히 그렇게 하실 수 있는 분임을 말씀해주고 계신다. 
Both 8:22–26 and 10:46–52 narrate the healing of a blind man. These two stories serve as literary bookends surrounding the three major predictions of Jesus’ death and resurrection (8:31; 9:30–32; 10:32–34), as well as the major instructions on discipleship. The disciples’ blindness regarding the true mission of Jesus is thus also being emphasized, but as Jesus teaches them, he is healing this spiritual blindness as well.
 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1916.
Just as the healing of the blind man at Bethsaida (8:22–26) introduces the second major division, so the healing of blind Bartimaeus at Jericho concludes it. Note how both contain exact geographical references—something that is unusual in Mark. Bracketing the division as they do, the two accounts suggest that a major purpose of the division is to show how Jesus gave not only physical sight but spiritual insight to his disciples. In this division the disciples began to realize who Jesus was and what was involved in following him as disciples.
This is the last healing miracle in Mark; and if one does not consider the cursing of the fig tree in 11:12–14, 20–22, it is the last and therefore climactic miracle performed by Jesus. It provides an example of one who understood who Jesus was, responded immediately to his call despite discouragement from others, believed in him, and followed him as a disciple. It remains an example for others to follow. The story is connected with the preceding pericope by the identity of the question Jesus asked James and John (v. 36) and Bartimaeus (v. 51). The replies, however, are quite different. James and John wanted positions of prominence; the blind man wanted to see (cf. 10:51). The story is also connected with the following section, as a comparison of 10:47–48 and 11:10 will show.

 James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 172.

46-47절) 그들이 여리고에 이르렀다가 주님과 제자, 많은 무리가 여리고를 떠날때에 디매오의 아들 맹인, 바디매오가 길가에 앉아 구걸하다가 나사렛 예수시란 말을 듣고 “다윗의 자손 예수여 나를 불쌍히 여기소서”라고 소리를 질렀다. 여기서 다윗의 자손이란 호칭은 메시야를 호칭하는 것이다. 
본문에서 ‘바’는 누구의 아들이라는 뜻으로 바디매오는 디매오의 아들이라는 의미가 된다. 이렇게 마가가 상세히 기록할 수 있는 이유는 그가 이후 제자가 되어 주님의 교회의 일군이 되기 때문이다. 
Jesus will later identify the cry of the blind man (Jesus, Son of David, have mercy on me) as expressing “faith” (v. 52; Matthew notes there were actually two blind men, but Mark and Luke [Luke 18:35–43] only tell about one of them; see note on Matt. 20:30–31). “Son of David” is a messianic acclamation (see Mark 12:35–37).
 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1917.
마태는 유대인들 향해서 복음서를 기록한 것이어서 다윗의 아들이라는 표현을 9번 사용하지만 마가의 경우는 본문이 유일하다. 
Although Matthew did so nine times, this is the only place in Mark where Jesus is explicitly called “Son of David” (but cf. 11:10, where it is implied). Obviously the title does not play a large part in Mark’s Christology. It is going too far, however, to say that Mark rejected it because “Rabboni” (NASB) is substituted in v. 51, the exact expression is not used in 11:10, and the use of the term is questioned in 12:35–37. Mark’s little use was probably due to the inadequacy of the term. To the Gentile Christians for whom Mark wrote, Jesus was more than the Son of David. Significantly Luke, who also wrote for Gentile Christians, used it only twice. This messianic term indicates that Jesus is not only a descendant of David but the one who is to inherit and fulfill the promises made to David in 2 Sam 7:12–16; 1 Chr 17:11–14; and Ps 89:29–37. See also Isa 11:1, 10; Jer 23:5–6; 30:9; Ezek 34:23–24; Hos 3:5.
 James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 173.

48-49절) 바디매오의 외침에 처음에 무리들이 잠잠하라고 꾸짖었다. 하지만 그가 멈추지 않고 더욱 큰 소리로 소리를 지르며 “다윗의 자손이여 나를 불쌍히 여기소서”라고 외치자 예수님께서 그의 음성을 들으시고 멈추셔서 “그를 부르라”라고 말씀하시자 무리들의 태도가 변하여 이제 안심하고 일어나라, 주님께서 너를 부르신다라고 하며 그를 주님께 인도한다. 예수님께서는 앞서 고백하신대로 연약한 자들을 섬기기위해서 오셨다. 그리고 그분은 바로 그러한 이들에게 관심을 기울이고 계신다. 주님이 관심을 기울이자 주변의 제자들과 무리들의 태도도 돌변하는 것을 볼 수 있다. 지도자의 관심과 자세가 얼마나 중요한지를 우리는 알 수 있다. 
The attitude of some in the crowd changes from rebuke (v. 48) to encouragement (Take heart) as soon as Jesus pays attention to Bartimaeus. Though Jesus himself is facing suffering in Jerusalem, he still considers the marginalized (cf. vv. 43–45).
 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1917.

50-51절) 이에 바디매오가 겉옷을 내버리고 뛰어 일어나 예수님께 나아왔다. 이에 예수님께서 그에게 “너에게 무엇을 하여 주기를 원하느냐?”라고 묻자 바디매오가 선생님 내가 보기를 원합니다라고 자신이 진정으로 원하는 바를 이야기한다. 이에 예수님께서 그를 향해서 “가라 네 믿음이 너를 구원하였다”라고 선포하시자 그가 곧 보게 되었고 예수를 길에서 따르기 시작한다. 
본문속에서 우리는 결정적인 순간에 바디매오가 겉옷을 버려두고 주님을 만나기위해서 달려나온 것을 목격한다. 당시 유대인들에게는 겉옷은 매우 중요한 물건이었다. 하지만 바디매오는 지금 이순간 무엇이 더욱 중요한지를 알았고 덜 중요한, 거추장스러운 것을 버려두고 주님께 나아왔다. 그리고 주님께서는 그에게 기회를 주기위한 질문을 던지고 계신다. 바디매오가 진정 원하던 것을 묻고 계신 것이다. 그가 정말 원하는 것은 보는 것이었지만 그는 길가에서 구걸을 하며 살고 있었다. 진정으로 원하는 삶의 소망은 추구하지 못하고 매일 매일의 삶을 연명하기 위한 최소한의 물질을 구걸하며 살아갔던 것이다. 그런데 결정적으로 주님과의 만남을 통해서 나사렛 예수 바로 이분이 능히 자신의 가장 중요한 문제를 해결해주실 수 있는 분이라는 믿음의 고백을 외치고 있는 것이다. 이에 주님께서는 그에게 치유를 선포하시고 그는 보게 되었다. 하지만 여기서 중요한 것은 단지 육체적으로 보게된 것이 아니라 그가 구원을 받게 되었고 이제 주님을 따르는 제자가 되었다는 사실이다. 

  • 본문에서 ‘랍오니’라는 단어를 사용한다. 이는 랍비의 아람어형으로 요 20:16에서 등장하는 내용이다. 
    The Greek text reads Rabbo(u)ni, which transliterates an Aramaic word that is simply a strengthened form of Rabbi. It appears elsewhere in the New Testament only in John 20:16 and means my lord, my master, or my teacher. The NIV, in an attempt to simplify and clarify, substitutes the more familiar “Rabbi.” This choice of address is perhaps significant, for this major section focused on Jesus’ teaching on discipleship (8:22–10:52). Equally significant is the request “I want to see.” Only Jesus, the Master Teacher, can give the needed insight. The healing of the blind is associated with the messianic age in Isa 29:18; 32:3; and 35:5.
    NIV New International Version
     James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 174.

      본문의 낫게 되었다라는 단어가 ‘소조’로 구원받았다라는 표현이다. 한글 성경에는 구원하였다라고 되어 있지만 영어 성경은 healed로 나았다라는 표현이다. 이처럼 이중적인 의미를 나타내는 것이다. 주님의 구원의 선포로 그는 구원을 받았는데 그 구원은 바로 영적인 구원임과 동시에 육체적인 나음을 의미하는 것이다. 
      또한 52절의 길에서 따르는 표현은 46절의 길가에 앉아있는것과 대조를 이룬다. 

      Mark emphasized the importance—even the necessity—of faith. This is highlighted by the absence of a description of the healing. The word translated “healed” (sōzō) can also mean saved, and Mark probably intended a double meaning. The man was healed physically and saved spiritually. The latter is implied by the fact that he began to follow Jesus. The statement certainly means that Bartimaeus joined with the other pilgrims in accompanying Jesus on the road to Jerusalem—as the NIV indicates—but again it is likely that Mark intended a double reference. “Following Jesus on the way” is a technical term for discipleship. That Bartimaeus’s name was remembered and recorded probably means that he did become a disciple. The contrast between his sitting beside the road (v. 46) and his following Jesus on the road (v. 51) serves as a graphic picture of conversion.
      Even though this concluding section has not been included in the preceding section entitled “The Journey to Jerusalem,” the journey continues at least through 10:52 and in fact until 11:11.

      NIV New International Version
       James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 174.


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        The Request of James and John
        35 cAnd James and John, dthe sons of Zebedee, came up to him and said to him, “Teacher, we want you to do for us ewhatever we ask of you.” 36 And he said to them, f“What do you want me to do for you?” 37 And they said to him, “Grant us gto sit, one at your right hand and one at your left, hin your glory.” 38 Jesus said to them, i“You do not know what you are asking. Are you able jto drink the cup that I drink, or kto be baptized with the baptism with which I am baptized?” 39 And they said to him, “We are able.” And Jesus said to them, l“The cup that I drink myou will drink, and with the baptism with which I am baptized, nyou will be baptized, 40 but to sit at my right hand or at my left is not mine to grant, obut it is for those for whom it has been pprepared.” 41 And when the ten heard it, they began to be indignant at James and John. 42 qAnd Jesus called them to him and said to them, “You know that those who are considered rulers of the Gentiles rlord it over them, and their great ones exercise authority over them. 43 But sit shall not be so among you. But whoever would be great among you must be your servant,4 44 and whoever would be first among you must be tslave5 of all. 45 For even the Son of Man came not to be served but uto serve, and vto give his life as a ransom for wmany.”

        c For ver. 35–45, see Matt. 20:20–28
        d ch. 1:19
        e [Matt. 18:19]
        f ver. 51
        g [Matt. 19:28]
        h [Luke 9:26]
        i [Luke 9:33; 23:34]
        j ch. 14:36; Matt. 26:29, 42; Luke 22:42; John 18:11; [Isa. 51:22]
        k Luke 12:50
        l [Rom. 8:17; Phil. 3:10]
        m Acts 12:2; Rev. 1:9
        n [Rom. 6:3]
        o [Matt. 19:11]
        p Matt. 25:34
        q For ver. 42–45, [ch. 9:33–36; Luke 22:25–27]
        r 1 Pet. 5:3
        s Matt. 23:11; [Luke 9:48]
        4 Greek diakonos
        t 2 Cor. 4:5
        5 Or bondservant, or servant (for the contextual rendering of the Greek word doulos, see Preface)
        u John 13:4, 13–15; Phil. 2:7; [2 Cor. 8:9]
        v Isa. 53:10; Dan. 9:26; John 10:15; 11:51, 52; Rom. 4:25; Gal. 1:4; 2:20; 1 Tim. 2:6; Titus 2:14; 1 Pet. 1:18, 19
        w ch. 14:24; Isa. 53:11, 12; Heb. 2:10; 9:28; [Rom. 5:15; Rev. 5:9]
         The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), Mk 10:35–45.

        38절) 예수님께서 야고보와 요한의 요구를 들으시고 그들을 향해서 너희들은 지금 너희가 구하는 것이 무엇인지를 알지 못한다라고 말씀하신다. 주님이 마시는 잔과 주님이 받으시는 세례를 너희가 받을 수 있느냐라고 물으신다. 
        여기서 예수님이 받으신 잔은 바로 하나님의 진노이고 세례는 바로 그분이 받으시는 고통과 죽음을 의미하는 것이다. 
         There would indeed be a future time of glory (8:38; 13:26), but the path there would be through severe, divine judgment for Jesus. The cup that he was to drink was the cup of God’s wrath that would be poured out on him, bearing God’s wrath in the place of sinful mankind (see 14:36; Isa. 51:17, 22; Jer. 25:15; and notes on Luke 22:42; John 18:11). His baptism was his suffering and death, which would pour over him like a flood (cf. Ps. 88:7; Jonah 2:3; Luke 12:50; and note on 1 Pet. 3:21).
         Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1916.

        39-40절) 야고보와 요한은 우리가 할 수 있습니다라고 대답한다. 이에 주님께서 너희가 나의 잔과 세례를 마시고 받을 것이지만 내 좌우편의 자리는 내가 주는 것이 아니라 이미 예비된 자들을 위하여 준비된 것이다라고 말씀하신다. 주님께서는 하나님의 심판에  대한 대속물로 자신을 드리신 것이고 제자들이 받게되는 고통은 그들 자신의 정결케함과 하나님의 영광을 위한 것이다. 이처럼 제자들과 예수님의 잔은 본질적으로 차이가 있다. 
        The disciples understand Jesus’ question (“Are you able to drink the cup that I drink?” v. 38) to mean that they will need to fight alongside Jesus, and they bravely answer, “We are able.” Jesus, however, teaches them that they too will undergo a form of suffering: you will drink … you will be baptized. Since only Jesus will bear the divine judgment in a substitutionary way (v. 45), the disciples’ suffering will be for their own purification and for God’s glory (8:34–38; 1 Pet. 4:13).
         Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1916.
        예수님은 완전한 하나님이시지만 삼위일체 안에서 성경을 통해서 아버지 하나님의 권위와 방향에 언제나 순종하신다. 누가 영광을 받을지에 대한 판단은 오직 하나님만이 하신다 .
        Though Jesus is fully God, yet there are differences of authority within the Trinity (cf. note on John 3:35), and the Son throughout Scripture is always subject to the authority and direction of the Father, who will ultimately determine who exactly receives such positions of honor. Jesus both defers authority to his heavenly Father and implies that he will himself be exalted.
         Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1916.

        41절) 이 두 제자, 야고보와 요한이 예수님께 개인적으로 자리를 요구한 소식을 나머지 10제자가 듣고 화가 났다. 이렇게 그들이 화를 낸것은 예수님이 가시는 길에 대해 이해하지 못하고 어쩌면 그런 요구를 할 수 있는가가 아니라 왜 우리들은 빼놓고 그런 이야기를 했느냐? 우리들은 뭐가 되느냐? 우리들에게도 한자리를 약속해야하는 것이아니냐라는 의미인 것이다. 자신들은 그런 논의에서 제외된 것에 대한 화를 제기하고 있는 것이다. 

        43-44절) 예수님의 리더십, 너희중에 누구든지 크고자 하는 자는 너희를 섬기는 자가 되고 으뜸이 되고자 하는 자는 모든 사람의 종이 되어야 한다라고 말씀하시는 주님, 세상은 섬김을 받고 높아질 것을 요구하지만 하나님 나라에서는 강한 자가 약한 자를 섬기고 높은 자리에 있는 자가 낮은 자리에 있는 자를 돕고 보호할 것을 말씀하시는 것이다. 이러한 하나님 나라의 원리를 기억해야 한다. 
        Leadership among God’s people should be characterized by serving the people and acting for their best interests, not by assuming that the people are to serve the leaders. These principles apply not only to leadership in the church but also in all relations (e.g., in civil government, the civil authority is to be “God’s servant for your good” [Rom. 13:4; cf. 1 Sam. 8:11–20; 12:3–5]).
         Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1916.
        예수님이 보여주시는 섬김의 모델은 바로 섬기는 자(servant, 디아코노이)와 종(slave, 둘로스)이다. 
        By aspiring to places of greatness, the disciples were in danger of becoming like Gentile rulers. Here Jesus emphatically stated that his disciples must not be like Gentile rulers but like “servants” (diakonoi), originally those who waited on tables,19 and like a “slave” (doulos, one totally owned by another and possessing no rights except those given by his or her master). A servant type of ministry, of which Jesus himself is the best example, is set forth.
        19 In other contexts the word refers to a church officer. Its nontechnical meaning, however, has considerable significance for the kind of persons deacons should be.
         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 170.

        45절) 인자가 온것은 섬김을 받으려 함이 아니라 섬기려하고 자기 목숨을 많은 사람의 대속물로 주기 위해서 온 것임을 선포하시는 주님. 예수님의 죽음은 대속물로서 많은 이들을 구원하시기 위함이다. 

        Whether Jesus actually spoke the words in this verse or whether they had their origin in the early church and were then attributed to him is much debated by the scholarly interpreters of Mark. First, some point out that the word “ransom” appears nowhere else in the teaching of Jesus (only in the parallel in Matt 20:28) and reflects a later Pauline interpretation of Jesus’ death. Actually the word appears nowhere else in the New Testament, which is strange if Paul is the source of the idea.20 The word is common in the LXX and sets forth a well-established Old Testament idea. Therefore there is no reason Jesus could not have used it, or at least the Aramaic equivalent.
        Second, some claim “ransom” is out of harmony with the idea of service. Death as a ransom is, however, simply the greatest example of service. The unusual association of ideas in fact supports Jesus rather than the early church as the source of the connection. The ideas stand together in Isa 53:11–12, which may have been in Jesus’ mind.
        Third, and similar to the preceding, some have suggested that Luke 22:27, which mentions service, but not ransom, is the original form of the statement. In reply, by no means is it certain or even probable that Luke 22:27 and Mark 10:45 (cf. Matt 20:28) represent the same saying of Jesus.
        Fourth, some argue that the expression “did not come” reflects a time after Jesus’ life. It need not suggest, however, that his entire life was in the past, only that his coming into the world, only that a substantial part of his ministry was. Furthermore, the vocabulary (“Son of Man,” “to give … life,” and “many”) and the structure (the use of parallelism) are Jewish and not Greco-Roman and more likely go back to Jesus than the Gentile church. Implicit in this statement is a bold challenge reminiscent of other sayings of Jesus: those who readily accept Jesus’ ransom ought also accept his example of service.
        The word translated “to be served” and “to serve” (diakoneō) is the verbal form of the noun in v. 43. The noun and the verb originally referred to menial service such as waiting on tables. Jesus did not identify the kind of service he performed but affirmed that his life was characterized by a servant attitude and by actually performing many kinds of service and ministry. By so affirming he set himself before the disciples as an example to follow—something that often has been forgotten by his followers.
        The word translated “ransom” was often used in secular Greek to refer to purchasing the freedom of a slave or a prisoner of war. The emphasis was on the price that was paid. It is used in this way in the LXX (Lev 25:51–52). In the LXX it is also used for the half-shekel tax each male paid to the sanctuary for his own redemption (Exod 30:12), the money paid to spare the life of one whose ox had gored another to death (Exod 21:30), the price paid for the redemption of the firstborn (Num 18:15), and the payment used to redeem mortgaged property (Lev 25:26).
        Although the word used in Mark 10:45 is never used in the LXX to translate the Hebrew word meaning guilt offering, the meaning of the latter probably has influenced that of the former. See Lev 5:14–6:7; 7:1–7; Num 5:5–8; and especially Isa 53:10. Again the possibility that Jesus understood his approaching death in terms of Isa 53 must be recognized. He viewed his death as a vicarious sacrifice for sin. In fact, the word translated “for” properly means in the place of and not merely on behalf of. Jesus spoke in Aramaic, however, which may not have made the distinction. To say the least, Mark presented Jesus’ death as a substitutionary offering for the sins of others. The substitutionary idea comes out again in 14:24 and possibly in 14:27. No attempt should be made to limit how many are those for whom Jesus died. The word in context does not mean many but not all. Rather it is a Semitism that means all who are many. In the similar statement in 1 Tim 2:6 the word “all” is actually used.
        The lengthy comments on v. 45 indicate its importance. Some even think that it is the key verse and that it suggests an outline of the book: chaps. 1–10: the service of the Son of Man; chaps. 11–16: the ransom of the Son of Man. There is, however, a problem of what to do with 10:46–52 and 16:1–8.

        20 The word is lytron. The compound form antilytron appears in 1 Tim 2:6.
         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 170–171.



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        Jesus Foretells His Death a Third Time
        32 tAnd they were on the road, going up to Jerusalem, and uJesus was walking ahead of them. And vthey were amazed, and those who followed were afraid. And taking the twelve again, he began to tell them what was to happen to him, 33 saying, “See, wwe are going up to Jerusalem, and the Son of Man will be delivered over to the chief priests and the scribes, and they will xcondemn him to death and ydeliver him over to the Gentiles. 34 And they will zmock him and aspit on him, and flog him and kill him. And bafter three days he will rise.”

        t For ver. 32–34, see Matt. 20:17–19; Luke 18:31–33
        u Luke 9:51; 19:28
        v ver. 24
        w See Matt. 16:21
        x Matt. 26:66; John 19:7
        y Matt. 27:2; John 18:30, 31; Acts 3:13; [Acts 2:23; 4:27; 21:11]
        z Matt. 27:26–31
        a ch. 14:65; 15:19; See Matt. 26:67
        b See ch. 8:31
         The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), Mk 10:32–34.

        32절) 여리고에서 예루살렘으로 올라가는 이 길은 약 32km정도의 거리로 일반적인 필그림, 순례자들이 걸었던 길이다. 일반적으로 스승이 제자들 앞서서 걸었다. 지금 마가는 의도적으로 주님께서 자신이 감당해야할 고난의 길을 향해서 의연하게 나아가고 계시는 모습을 그려주고 있는 것이다.  예수님께서 예루살렘으로 올라가시는 길에 제자들과 무리들에 앞서 가셨다. 이에 따르던 제자들은 놀라고 무리들은 두려워하였다. 이러한 이들을 위해서 주님께서는 이제 자신이 당할 일에 대해서 말씀하셨다. 제자들은 예수님이 예루살렘에 올라가시면 당할 일이 무엇인지 알고 있었다. 그래서 그들은 지금 그분이 말씀하신대로 고난과 박해를 피하지 않고 이것을 향해서 올라가시는 예수님의 의연한 모습에 놀라했다. 또한 무리들은 예수님에 대해서 그분을 정치적 메시야로 인식하고 있었고 그래서 예루살렘에 올라가면 과거 마카비와 로마제국과의 싸움처럼 격렬한 충돌이 있을 것을 두려워했던 것이다. 
        Jesus is aware of his impending death (cf. 8:31; 9:31; Isa. 53:1–12) but proceeds resolutely toward Jerusalem, like the servant of the Lord in Isa. 50:7 who set his face “like a flint” (cf. Luke 9:53, “his face was set”). The Twelve were amazed to see Jesus’ solemn determination in light of what he had already told them about his forthcoming suffering and death (Mark 8:31; 9:31). In addition to the Twelve, others followed along, but Mark says that they were afraid. This fear might have arisen from their belief that Jesus was a political messiah; if so, they might be facing fierce battles in Jerusalem, as in the earlier Maccabean revolt. It is more likely that the larger group of followers   p 1916  saw Jesus’ sober, deliberate progress toward Jerusalem, and had heard from the Twelve something of his predictions of suffering, and thus concluded that by following Jesus they might face a similar fate.
         Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1915–1916.

        33-34절) 예수님께서는 이제 우리가 예루살렘에 올라가는데 인자가 대제사장들과 서기관들에게 넘겨지고 이제 그들이 주님을 죽이기로 결의하고 이방인들에게 넘길 것이며, 그렇게 넘겨진 예수님을 능욕하고 침 뱉으며 채찍질하고 죽일 것이지만 주님은 삼일만에 살아날 것을 말씀하신다. 주님의 죽음에 대한 예언이 이루어지기 위해서는 하나님께서 예수님을 대제사장과 서기관들에게 넘겨주셔야 하고, 또한 대제사장과 서기관들이 예수님을 이방인에게 넘겨주어야만 이루어진다. 하나님께서는 당신의 아들을 넘겨주셨고 이어 주님은 유대인들에 의해서 로마의 법정에 넘겨지고 부당한 대우를 받게 된다. 

        On the way up to Jerusalem Jesus took the Twelve aside and told them what was going to happen to him when they arrived. In this third prediction of his passion the first problem is to identify the actors. The niv employs the word betrayed in 10:33. That is a possible translation, but the Greek verb in question can also mean “hand over,” which is the way it is translated later on in the same sentence: and will hand him over to the Gentiles. This is not an insignificant matter. At issue is the question of who the primary actor was in Jesus’ suffering, death and resurrection. The choice of betray leads to Judas, while the choice of “hand over” points to God.
        There are two important considerations here. The first is that the same Greek verb is used twice in the same sentence, and it is more consistent to translate it “deliver” in both cases. There is no justification in the context for rendering it two different ways. The second consideration is the consistency of the language in the three passion predictions. Each one begins with the verb hand over or betray in the passive voice and then moves to verbs in the active voice. In the first passion prediction the subject is indicated by the phrase “it is necessary,” where it is clear that God is the one who determines what is necessary. In the active verbs that follow, human beings are the responsible agents. Since the sequence of the verbs from passive to active voice is the same in all three predictions and since there is no contextual reason to change the initiator from God to Judas, it is preferable to use the English verb hand over. All three passion predictions cast God in the role of the primary actor. God delivered the Son of Man to humans, who in turn seize the opportunity to kill the Son of Man.
        Nevertheless, this passion prediction covers some new ground. Unlike the first prediction in 8:31, the elders are now omitted from the list of Jewish leaders. Acting as the Sanhedrin or council, the elders were responsible for administering the political affairs of Jerusalem and Judea. Here we find only the chief priests and teachers of the law, who were responsible for the administration of the temple and the interpretation of the Jewish law. The executive arm of the Jewish state is missing from this list of conspirators. Instead of the elders we find the Gentiles or nations, more particularly the Roman administration of Judea that eventually mocked, spat on, flogged and killed Jesus.
         Ronald J. Kernaghan, Mark, The IVP New Testament Commentary Series (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2007), 201–202.

        당시 이스라엘에게는 사형에 대한 권한이 없었기에 예수를 로마, 이방인에게 넘겨준 것이다. 결국 인자는 이스라엘이 존귀케되기를 원하는 꿈을 추구하는 유대인들에의해서 죽임을 당하게 되는데 이것의 배후에는 하나님이 계셨다. 우리가 보기에 유다가 예수님을 팔고, 대제사장과 서기관들이 예수님을 넘겨주고, 로마의 법정이 예수를 십자가에 못박은 것으로 보여지지만 이 배후에 쉼없이 일하고 계신 분은 바로 하나님이시다. 이 한가지도 하나님께서 인정하시고 허락하지 않으시면 일어날 수 없는 일이기 때문이다. 
        That picture, however, does not accurately describe the political reality of the first century. No Jewish official or agency had the right to execute a sentence of capital punishment (Lane 1974:530). That was a privilege the Roman government reserved for itself, yet this prophecy contains no hint that the chief priests and scribes needed Rome’s permission for anything. They were simply to condemn Jesus and hand him over to the Gentiles to carry out the sentence they imposed. The third passion prediction is clearly framed by messianic hopes of the day. Yet it predicts that the Son of Man would be executed as the religious leaders of Judea pursue their dreams for an exalted Israel, while God acted behind the scenes to accomplish something else.
         Ronald J. Kernaghan, Mark, The IVP New Testament Commentary Series (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2007), 202–203.




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        23 And Jesus elooked around and said to his disciples, f“How difficult it will be for those who have wealth to enter gthe kingdom of God!” 24 And the disciples hwere amazed at his words. But Jesus said to them again, i“Children, jhow difficult it is2 to enter gthe kingdom of God! 25 It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich person to enter gthe kingdom of God.” 26 And they were exceedingly astonished, and said to him,3 “Then who can be saved?” 27 Jesus klooked at them and said, l“With man it is impossible, but not with God. For all things are possible with God.” 28 Peter began to say to him, “See, mwe have left everything and followed you.” 29 Jesus said, “Truly, I say to you, nthere is no one who has left house or brothers or sisters or mother or father or children or lands, for my sake and ofor the gospel, 30 who will not receive a hundredfold pnow in this time, houses and brothers and sisters and mothers and children and lands, qwith persecutions, and in rthe age to come eternal life. 31 But smany who are first will be last, and the last first.”
        e See ch. 3:5
        f [1 Cor. 1:26]; See Matt. 13:22
        g See Matt. 12:28
        h ver. 32
        i ch. 2:5 (Gk.); [John 13:33; 21:5]
        j Job 31:24; Ps. 49:6; 52:7; Prov. 11:28; 1 Tim. 6:17
        2 Some manuscripts add for those who trust in riches
        g [See ver. 23 above]
        g [See ver. 23 above]
        3 Some manuscripts to one another
        k ver. 23
        l ch. 14:36; Gen. 18:14; Job 42:2; Jer. 32:17, 27; Luke 1:37
        m ch. 1:18, 20; Matt. 4:20, 22
        n [Luke 14:26]
        o See ch. 8:35
        p [Matt. 6:33]
        q 2 Cor. 12:10; 2 Thess. 1:4; 2 Tim. 3:11, 12; [John 15:20; Acts 14:22]
        r Matt. 12:32; Eph. 1:21; [Luke 20:35]
        s See Matt. 19:30
         The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), Mk 10:23–31.

        앞서 한사람이 나아와 무엇을 하여야 영생을 얻을 수 있는가 질문했는데 그는 이미 계명을 지키고 있었다. 이에 주님께서 네게 있는 것을 다 팔아 가난한 자들에게 나누어주고 나를 따를 것을 요구하시는데 그 사람이 재물이 많은 고로 슬퍼하며 근심하며 돌아갔다. 그에게 부족한 한가지가 바로 결정적인 것이었는데, 바로 이 부분에 대해서 주님께서 제자들에게 말씀하고 계신 것이다. 

        23절) 재물이 많은 자는 하나님의 나라에 들어가기가 심히 어렵다라고 제자들에게 말씀하시는 예수님. 재물을 많이 소유하는 것은 자기 만족과 하나님으로부터의 독립을 강화하기때문에 이를 적절히 통제하고 다스리지 않으면 천국과 멀어지게 될 수 밖에 없다. 제자들이 이렇게 놀란 이유는 당시의 부에 대한 기준때문이었다. 당시는 부유함이 율법을 따르고 경건한 자들에게 주시는 하나님의 은총으로 여겼기 때문이다. 때문에 이러한 주님의 메시지는 재자들에게도 혁명적이었다. 말하자면 하나님으로부터 은총을 받은자는 하나님의 나라에 들어가기가 심히 어렵다라고 말씀하시는 것으로 여겨졌기 때문이다. 
        구약의 경우에 일반적으로 부유함이 하나님의 축복으로 또한 경건에 대한 보상으로 여겨졌다. 가난한 자들에게 대한 보호와 도움에 대한 조항이 있기는 하지만 경건과 가난을 좀처럼 연관시키지는 않았다. 시편에서는 가끔 의를 위해서 가난한 자들이 하나님의 도움을 의존하는 것으로 그리기도 한다. 하지만 이후 마카비안 시기(142-63BC)를 지나면서 부자들은 종교세력과 함께 이방의 압제자들과 손을 잡았고 가난한 이들은 하나님을 더욱 의지하게 되었다. 
        본문의 예수님의 가르침을 당시에 매우 혁명적일뿐만 아니라 지금도 여전히 그러하다. 하지만 본문속에서 중요한 것은 예수님께서 부자를, 부유함 자체를 일방적으로 비난하거나 정죄하지 않는다는 것이다. 부유함 자체는 가치 중립적인 것인데 이것이 유혹이 되고, 우리의 삶에 장애물이 되며, 우리의 생각이 나뉘어지게 하기 때문이다. 부유함은 거짓 안전을 제공하고 하나님을 온전히 신뢰하는 것을 어렵게 만든다. 
        The event became the occasion for a brief discourse. Jesus’ statement must be contrasted with the Jewish attitude toward riches. The dominant Jewish view was that riches were an indication of divine favor and a reward for piety (Job 1:10; 42:10; Ps 128:1–2; Isa 3:10). Although provision was made for the protection and assistance of the poor (Deut 15:7–11; Prov 22:22–23), rarely was poverty associated with piety. The Psalms sometimes picture the poor as the righteous who rely on God for aid (Pss 37:14, 16; 69:32–33; 86:1–2). The Psalms frequently portray God as the special help of the poor. Especially during the Maccabean period (142–63 b.c.), the rich became associated with the priestly aristocracy ready to compromise with foreign oppressors; the poor, with those who remained faithful to God (cf. T. Jud. 25:4; Pss. Sol. 10:6). The Qumran community apparently used “the poor” as a self-designation (1 QM 11:9, 13; 13:14; 1QH 5:13–22, in which “the poor” parallels those eager for righteousness; 1QpHab 12:3, 6, 10; 4QpPs 2:9–10; 3:10).
        The teaching of Jesus was nonetheless revolutionary in its time and remains scandalous even today. However, Jesus did not condemn riches as evil in themselves. They are a temptation, a hindrance, a diversion. They provide false security that makes radical trust in God difficult.

         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 163–164.

        24-25절) 이에 그 말씀을 듣고 놀라는 제자들을 향해서 다시 말씀하신다. “애들아, 하나님의 나라에 들어가는 것은 매우 어려운데 마치 낙타가 바늘귀로 나가는 것이 부자가 하나님의 나라에 들어가는 것보다 쉽단다
        - 하나님과 재물을 겸하여 섬기는 것은 매우 어려울 뿐만 아니라 재물을 우상으로, 하나님보다 더 소중하게 여기는 이는 천국에 들어갈 수가 없다. 왜냐하면 삶의 모든 순간에 하나님의 뜻과 반대의 선택을 하게 되기 때문이다. 본문에서 바늘귀와 낙타의 비유는 과장법이라고 할 수 있는데 인간적으로 볼때 거대한 낙타가 매우 작은 바늘귀를 통과하는 것은 인간적으로 불가능 하지만 그렇다고 하나님앞에서 전혀 불가능한 것은 아니다. 
        Anyone who trusts in riches (as an idolatrous replacement for God; Matt. 6:24) cannot enter the kingdom of God; his life disposition is diametrically opposed to submitting to God’s will. The hyperbole of a large camel having to fit through the small eye of a needle stresses that such a thing is humanly impossible (but see Mark 10:27). For other hyperboles in Jesus’ teaching, see Matt. 7:3–5; 23:24; on the “eye of a needle,” see note on Matt. 19:24.
         Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1915.

        본문의 낙타로 번역된 단어는 로프(rope)와 매우 유사하다. 헬라어로 한단어만이 차이가 난다. 예루살렘 성에서 가장 작은 문의 이름이 바늘의 눈(Eye of the Needle)라고 불린다. 하여 팔레스타인 지역에서 가장 큰 동물인 낙타와 예루살렘 성에서 가장 작은 문을 대조함으로 부자가 천국에 들어가는 것이 얼마나 어려운지를 극적으로 표현해내고 있는 것이다. 
        All attempts to ease the harsh meaning of v. 25 must be resisted, e.g., the substitution of the Greek word meaning rope for the one meaning camel (there is only one letter difference in Greek) or the idea that the reference is to a small gate in Jerusalem called “Eye of the Needle” through which a camel could go only with great difficulty.
        The mere existence of the word meaning rope is unattested until at least the fifth Christian century and perhaps until medieval times. Furthermore, to put a rope through the eye of a needle would be almost as difficult as to put a camel through it. No early evidence exists that there was a small gate called “Eye of the Needle.” The claim first appears in the ninth Christian century, long after the destruction of the Jerusalem of Jesus’ day. The contrast between the largest Palestinian animal and one of the smallest openings is clearly intended to indicate the impossibility of a rich person—or anyone else (v. 24)—entering the kingdom by doing something for himself or herself.

         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 164.

        26절) 이에 제자들이 놀라서 서로 “그러면 누가 구원을 얻을 수 있는가?”라고 질문한다. 이들에게 있어서 하나님 나라에 들어간다라는 의미와 구원을 얻는 것은 같은 의미였던 것이다. 

        27절) 의아해하는 제자들을 향해서 예수님께서 “사람으로서는 할 수 없지만 하나님께서는 다 하실 수 있다”라고 말씀하신다. 영생을 얻는것, 하나님 나라에 들어가는 것, 구원을 얻는 것은 모두 인간으로서는 불가능한 일이지만 하나님께는 그렇지 않다. 왜냐하면 하나님은 선하시고 모든 이들이 구원을 얻기를 원하시기 때문이다. 이처럼 온전히 하나님을 신뢰하는 것, 왜냐하면 하나님께는 모든 것이 가능하기에, 이러한 믿음은 우리로 하여금 온전한 제자로서의 삶을 살아가는 것을 가능하게 한다. 
        This verse probably is the key to understanding the entire passage. Inheriting eternal life, entering the kingdom, and being saved are impossible for any human being, but not for God, who is good and desires the salvation of all. Therefore all must depend entirely upon God. Such absolute trust in God makes possible a life of faithful discipleship (v. 28).
         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 165.

        - The terms of salvation, however, have already been laid out in 10:15. To enter the kingdom of God one must receive it as a child. The rich man was willing to meet Jesus halfway. He used the word inherit, which is one way children receive things, but he was only partially willing to put himself in the position of a child. He did not want to give up the things he had accumulated as an adult.
        The disciples, on the other hand, were not wealthy people, and they wished to hold on to their dreams of power and prestige despite what they had left behind. The picture that emerges from the events of 9:33–10:31 is one of people who are enmeshed in a web of values, relationships and structures from which they cannot extricate themselves. Left to themselves they would have been unable to let go of the things that prevented them from becoming children who could receive the kingdom on God’s terms. The hope for salvation does not lie in us. It comes from God, who is able to bring people to the point where they give these things up. The Bible presents God as the One who does impossible things—enabling Sarah to conceive when she was ninety, sending water gushing from a rock in the desert, and sustaining a widow with an inexhaustible supply of flour and oil. Perhaps helping adults become children should be added to the list.
         Ronald J. Kernaghan, Mark, The IVP New Testament Commentary Series (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2007), 198–199.

        28절) 이에 베드로는 자신이, 또한 주님을 따르는 제자들이 부자가 아님을 항변한다. 우리가 모든 것을 버리고 주님을 따랐다라고 이야기하는 것이다. 실제로 베드로와 제자들은 자신들의 직업과 가정을 뒤로하고 주님을 따랐다. 물고기를 잡던 배와 그물을 버려두고, 가족을 뒤로하고 주님을 따랐다. 한벌 옷 외에 다른 소유들을 주장하지 않고 복음을 전하기 위해서 나아갔다. 현대의 모든 사역자들, 본인이 그리스도의 제자들이라고 말하는 어떤 사람들보다 많은 것을 버리고 주님을 따른 것은 사실이지만 모든 것을 버리고 따랐다는 표현은 과장된 표현이다. 

        29-30절) 이에 주님께서 나와 복음을 위하여 집이나 형제나 자매, 어머니나 아버지, 자식이나 전토를 버린 자는 현세에 있어 집과 형제와 자매와 어머니와 자식과 전토를 백배나 받되 박해를 함께 받고 내세, 올 세대에 영생을 받게 될 것을 강조하신다. 29절과 비교할때 30절에는 아버지가 생략되어 있다. 어떤 주석가들은 이 부재가 하나님께서 제자들의 유일한 아버지되심을 나타낸다고 보았다. 또한 마가의 본문에서는 박해를 겸하여 받는 것을 강조하고 있다. 예수님 자신이 고난을 받으셨고 당신의 제자들도 그렇게 받게될 것을 예견하신 것이다. 하지만 마태와 누가는 박해받는 것에 대한 언급을 하지 않고 있는데 이는 특별히 마가가 박해를 강조하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 
        Though v. 29 mentions leaving father to follow Christ, fathers are noticeably absent in the enumeration of relationships in v. 30. This absence suggests that God is the one “Father” of disciples. Some commentators have questioned whether Jesus included the word “persecutions” as part of the “reward” of discipleship, and they have suggested that it is the addition of the early church in light of its experiences. Jesus, however, could have foreseen the persecution of his followers. He himself was persecuted, and it was reasonable to expect that his disciples would be also. Significantly, both Matthew and Luke omit this reference to persecution. If this had been added by the early church, it most likely would have found its way into all three accounts. Persecution is a specially Markan emphasis.
         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 165.

        31절) 이어 주님께서는 먼저된 자로서 나중 되고 나중 된 자로서 먼저 될 자가 많을 것이다라고 말씀하신다. 병행구절인 마 20:16과 눅 13:30절은 이 순서가 반대로 되어 있다. “나중된 자로서 먼저되고 먼저된 자로서 나중될 자가 있다”라는 것이다. 본문은 주목받지 못하고 이땅에서 성공하지 못했지만 순종하는 제자들(나중된 자)이 하나님 나라의 영광을 받게 될 것이라고 말씀하시는 것이다. 우리는 먼저된 자들인가 나중된 자들인가? 먼저된 자로서 이후까지 계속 먼저된 자리에 남아 있을 수 있겠는가? 나중된 자로서 우리는 이땅의 삶에서 인정받을만한 결과를 내거나 만족할 만한 인정을 받지 못하는 것을 천국의 보상을 믿기에 잘 참아내고 있는가? 결국 우리로 하여금 제자도의 삶을 살아내고 견디어낼 수 있도록 하는 것은 바로 천국의 소망, 영생, 구원에 대한 소망이다. 

        주를 위해서 모든 것을 버린 자에게 주님께서 보상하시는 것은 새로운 공동체 교회이다. 이 새로운 공동체는 필연적으로 오래된 구조와 충돌할 수 밖에 없는데 그 충돌의 과정에서 핍박은 당연한 결과이다. 이러한 새로운 공동체, 교회는 가족으로서 서로 밀접하게 관련되어 있고 가족으로서 소유를 함께 나누며 하나님 나라의 가치를 위하여 삶의 관계가 정렬된다. 
        - The assurance Jesus offered is cast in the language of family, and it recalls the encounter between Jesus and his mother and brothers (3:31–35), where he introduced the idea of a new family composed of those who do the will of God. The material in 10:29–31 expands upon the idea of this new family. It is a whole community of people with their houses and lands who have made doing the will of God the basis of their lives. Those who leave behind loved ones and property for the sake of Jesus and the gospel become part of a new community in which persecution is a consequence of the conflict between the old structures of life and this new one. This is as far as the Gospel of Mark goes in describing the church: it is a community of people who relate to each other as family, hold property as a family and order their mutual relationships around the values of the kingdom of God. In this new community, questions of priority, status, value and obligation find their shape in the life of the Son of Man who was delivered into the hands of people vested in structures of life that opposed the kingdom of God.
         Ronald J. Kernaghan, Mark, The IVP New Testament Commentary Series (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2007), 199.

        To receive eternal life we must enter the kingdom of God as a child. That is no small matter. It is not a minor adjustment in our spiritual calculus of what we ought to do and how many minutes a day we ought to devote to it. Nor is it an occasion for sentimental thoughts about the spiritual child in each of us. Receiving the kingdom of God as a child means that we come face to face with the concept that the best thing in life is something we cannot earn. And if that is true, how are we to regard the things in life that we earn, like our homes, promotions or standing in the community. If the ultimate good is a gift and not a reward at all, then what value should we place on the prizes that we do win?
         Ronald J. Kernaghan, Mark, The IVP New Testament Commentary Series (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2007), 200.






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        The Rich Young Man
        17 uAnd as he was setting out on his journey, a man ran up and vknelt before him and asked him, “Good Teacher, what must I do to winherit eternal life?” 18 And Jesus said to him, “Why do you call me good? No one is good except God alone. 19 You know the commandments: x‘Do not murder, Do not commit adultery, Do not steal, Do not bear false witness, Do not defraud, Honor your father and mother.’ ” 20 And he said to him, “Teacher, yall these I have kept from my youth.” 21 And Jesus, zlooking at him, aloved him, and said to him, “You lack one thing: go, bsell all that you have and give to the poor, and you will have ctreasure in heaven; and come, follow me.” 22 dDisheartened by the saying, he went away sorrowful, for he had great possessions.

        u For ver. 17–30, see Matt. 19:16–29; Luke 18:18–30; [Luke 10:25–28]
        v See ch. 1:40
        w [Matt. 19:16]; See Matt. 25:34
        x Rom. 13:9; Cited from Ex. 20:12–16; Deut. 5:16–20; [Matt. 5:21, 27]
        y [Phil. 3:6]
        z ver. 27; Luke 22:61; John 1:42; [ch. 3:5]
        a [John 11:5; 13:23]
        b Luke 12:33; [Luke 16:9; 19:8; Acts 2:45; 4:34, 35; 1 Tim. 6:18, 19]
        c Matt. 6:19, 20
        d [Ezek. 33:31]
         The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), Mk 10:17–22.

        17절) 예수님께서는 예루살렘의 십자가를 향해서 여정중이셨다. 이때 한 사람이 달려와 예수께 엎드려 그분을 선한 선생님이라고 부르며 “내가 무엇을 하여야 영생을 얻겠습니까?”라고 질문한다. 예수님의 명성을 익히 듣고 있던 이 젊은 부자 청년은 이미 율법의 말씀을 다 지키고 있었다. 하지만 주님의 가르침을 들을때 율법을 순종하는 것만으로는 영생을 얻는 것이 부족하다는 생각이 들었고 이에 대한 대답을 얻기 위해서 나아와 진지하게 묻고 있는 것이다. 이러한 진지한 고민 없이 살아가는 사람들이 많은데 이런 고민을 하고 직접 수고롭게 나아와 질문한다는 것은 대단히 의미있는 행동이라고 할 수 있다. 
        Mark began the section by reminding his readers/hearers that Jesus was on his way to Jerusalem and the cross. Commentators are divided as to whether the man’s running up to Jesus, falling on his knees, and calling Jesus “good”—all of which were quite unusual—indicate flattery or respect. In view of Jesus’ reaction the latter seems more probable. The question is also unusual because most Jews would have no doubts about what to do: observe the law. Probably the man had heard about Jesus’ teaching that mere obedience to the law was not enough. It was natural for a man who may have inherited some of his wealth to ask about inheriting eternal life. Although common in John’s Gospel, the term “eternal life” is found only here and in v. 30 in Mark (and elsewhere in the Synoptics only in Matt 19:29; 25:46; Luke 10:25; 18:18, 30). The emphasis is on the quality rather than the quantity of the life.
         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 162.

        18절) 어찌하여 나를 선하다 일컫느냐고 청년에게 반문하시는 주님. 왜냐하면 오직 하나님 한분만이 선하신데 하나님이신 주님에 대한 믿음의 고백이 없는 상태에서 주님을 선하다고 일컫는 것은 옳지 않기 때문이다. 어떤 사람들은 여기서의 주님의 발언으로 주님안에 죄성이 존재하고 선하지 않다라고 말씀하신 것이라고 생각한다. 하지만 이것은 절대적으로 사실이 아니다. 도리어 주님께서는 온전히 하나님께만 영광을 돌리면서 이 청년으로 하여금 하나님에 대한 온전한 믿음의 고백을 요청하고 있는 것이다. 
        Why do you call me good? To ask this question, Jesus assumes the perspective of the rich young man. No one is completely good except God alone, therefore it is not proper for the young man to address Jesus as “Good Teacher” until he is ready to acknowledge that Jesus is God. On the deity of Christ, see notes on John 5:21; 5:22; 5:23; 20:28.
         Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1915.
        In Jewish thought God was preeminently good (1 Chr 16:34; 2 Chr 5:13; Ezra 3:11; Ps 118:1; 145:9, etc.), so much so that it was unusual to apply the term to anyone else. That was the main reason for Jesus’ question and statement. The statement does not reflect a consciousness of sinfulness on the part of Jesus. It is not a disclaimer of goodness or deity. Such ideas are totally irrelevant. It simply points to God as the supreme example of goodness and the source of all good things, including the commandments in v. 19 and the commands in v. 21. Throughout his life Jesus was concerned to exalt and glorify God. Luke 18:19 lets Mark’s statement stand, but Matt 19:17 restates it so as to minimize the possibility of misunderstanding or offense. Certainly the church would never have invented the Markan statement. It is unquestionably a genuine saying of Jesus.
         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 162.

        19절) 이제 예수님께서 계명을 잘 알고 있는 부자 청년을 향해서 십계명의 두번째 판에 있는 계명의 내용을 열거하신다. 이 계명의 순서는 6, 7, 8, 9, 5계명의 순서이다. 본문의 속여 빼앗지 말라라는 계명은 9계명과 5계명 사이에 있는데 10계명 대신으로 생각할 수 있다. 속여 빼앗음은 부유한이들의 탐욕스러움을 상징한다. 예수님께서는 지금 부자 청년과의 대화속에서 십계명의 두번째 판인 하나님과 인간과의 관계에 집중하고 계신다. 하나님에 대한 순종의 증거로 지금 인간과의 관계속에서의 계명을 순종의 증거로 요구하고 계신 것이다. 
        Jesus further directed the man’s thoughts to God by calling his attention to the second table of the Ten Commandments of Exod 20:12–16 and Deut 5:16–20. According to the best attested text, the Commandments are listed in an unusual order: six, seven, eight, nine, and five. The command “do not defraud” between the references to the Ninth and Fifth Commandments is substituted for the Tenth Commandment, “You shall not covet.”14 Fraud is a concrete example of covetousness and a special temptation of the rich. Jesus probably limited his reference to the second table of the law, the one dealing with relationships of human beings to each other, because obedience to it provides evidence of obedience to the first table, the one dealing with the relationships of human beings to God.
        14 The majority of medieval manuscripts and some others reverse the sixth and seventh although this takes them out of their biblical order (so KJV, NKJV). A few witnesses of medium value substitute “immorality” for “murder.” One excellent witness omits “do not defraud” to conform to the Old Testament sources and the Matthean and Lukan parallels. Interestingly no copyists attempted to put the Fifth Commandment back in its proper place.
         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 162–163.

        20절) 청년이 예수님의 말씀을 듣고 내가 어려서부터 그 율법의 말씀을 다 지켰습니다라고 대답한다. 이것은 거짓이 아니라 진심이었다. 하지만 율법이 요구한바 겉모습만을 지킨 것이지 율법의 정신, 요구를 온전히 다 이룬 것은 아니었다. 이후의 본문속에서 예수님께서는 이 청년의 대답을 완전히 부정하시지 않는다. 22절에서의 이 청년의 반응으로 볼때 그는 율법을 지킨다는것이 어떤 의미인지에 대한 온전한 이해가 부족했던 것이다. 여기서 한가지 부족한 것은 율법의 요구에 대한 이해의 부족이 아니라 온전히 선하신 하나님에 대한 온전한 신뢰의 부족이라고 말할 수 있다. 이 신뢰야말로 그의 모든 것을 팔고 주님을 따를수 있게 해주는 것이다. 
        How to evaluate the claim made in this verse is difficult. On the one hand, Jesus did not explicitly deny in v. 21 that the man had kept the letter of the Commandments; on the other, he asked him to do something to demonstrate that he was willing to observe the spirit of the last six Commandments. Alternately, Jesus called the man to a greater obedience than that embodied in the Ten Commandments (cf. Matt 19:21, “If you want to be perfect”; also Matt 5:20–48). According to v. 22 he was not willing to do what Jesus asked of him. The rich man apparently did not understand what was involved in keeping the Commandments. Alternately, the “one thing” this man lacked was not understanding of the requirements of the law but radical trust in God, who alone is good, that would allow him to abandon all his property and follow Jesus.
         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 163.

        21절) 예수님께서 부자 청년을 보시고 사랑하사 그에게 말씀하셨다. 너에게 아직 한가지 부족한 것이 있으니 가서 네게 있는 것을 다 팔아 가난한 자들에게 주라. 그리하면 하늘에서 보화가 네게 있으리라 그리고 나서 나를 따르라고 말씀하셨다. 이는 제자도로의 주님의 초청이다. 하나님과 세상을 겸하여 섬길 수 없다. 본문에서 모든 것을 팔라는 요구를 모든 사람에게 일반화 시킬 수는 없다. 하지만 제자로 부름을 받은 사람들이라면, 그래서 주님을  온전히 주인으로 모시고 따르는 것을 요청받은 사람이라면 이 부름에 반응해야 한다. 이것이 문자적인 무소유를 말하는 것이 아니라 우선순위의 부분이고 무엇이 더욱 가치로운 것인지에 대한 명확한 기준인 것이다. 하지만 분명한 것은 이러한 소유로부터 자유로운 사람이 더욱 강력한 능력을 발휘한 다는 것이다. 
        주님을 따르기 위해서 단지 재물만을 포기해야하는 것이 아니다. 어떤 사람은 소명을, 삶의 스타일을, 죄악된 욕망을, 다른 이들과의 관계를 내려놓아야 한다. 그만큼 제자도는 값진 것이고 이것에는 반드시 희생과 순종이 요구되어진다. 그리고 제자도의 극치는 바로 주님의 십자가를 지고 주님을 따르는 것이다. 
        The command “sell everything … and give to the poor” should not be universalized and applied literally to every professing Christian. It pertains to the need of a particular person. It should not be ignored either. Other persons may have to give up other things in order to follow Jesus: a vocation, a style of life, a sinful passion, or a relationship. The call is not to poverty but to discipleship, which takes many forms. Discipleship, however, is costly. It involves sacrifice. It involves obedience. It involves following the example of Jesus. It also involves reward, something that is elaborated in vv. 29–31. The words “take up the cross” (KJV, NKJV) are found mainly in the medieval Greek text and are an assimilation to 8:34, where there are no variations in the text.
         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 163.

        22절) 이 주님의 요구에 이 부자 청년은 재물이 많은 고로 슬픈 기색을 띠고 근심하며 돌아간다. 예수님의 제자도로의 부르심에 유일하게 거절한 이야기가 본문에 기록되고 있다. 이런 놀라운 요청에 너무나 슬프게도 재물이 많음으로 인해서 거룩한 부름에 응답하지 못하는 것은 단지 이 부자 청년의 이야기만은 아니다. 우리의 소유가 많아지고, 나 자신을 신뢰할만한 무엇인가가 생길때 우리는 주님과 멀어지게 되는 것이다. 이것은 우리에게 너무나 슬픈 일이 아닐 수 없다. 소유의 많음이 도리어 우리로 하여금 주님과 멀어지게 한다면 우리는 담대히 그 소유를 포기할 수 있어야 한다. 

        만약 지금 주님께서 우리와 만나셔서 우리의 삶가운데 오셔서 이 부자 청년에게 했던 요청을 하신다면 우리는 어떤 반응을 할 것인가? 과연 우리는 이 부자청년만큼의 열정을 가지고 있는가?





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        Let the Children Come to Me
        13 mAnd they were bringing children to him that he might touch them, and the disciples nrebuked them. 14 But when Jesus saw it, he was indignant and said to them, o“Let the children come to me; pdo not hinder them, for to such belongs the kingdom of God. 15 qTruly, I say to you, whoever does not rreceive the kingdom of God like a child shall not enter it.” 16 And she took them in his arms and blessed them, tlaying his hands on them.

        m For ver. 13–16, see Matt. 19:13–15; Luke 18:15–17
        n ver. 48
        o Matt. 18:3
        p [ch. 9:39]
        q [John 3:3, 5]
        r [Luke 8:13; James 1:21]
        s ch. 9:36
        t Rev. 1:17
         The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), Mk 10:13–16.

        13절) 사람들이 예수님께서 아이들을 축복해주실 것을 원해서 어린 아이들을 예수께 데리고 왔는데 이를 제자들이 꾸짖었다. 마가복음에서 이러한 터치, 만져주심은 보통 치유와 관련이 있는데 여기서는 거룩한 분이 어떤 사람들을 축복해주는 것을 의미한다. 제자들이 아이들을 데려온 것을 꾸짖은 이유는 예수님께서 너무 바쁘셔서 어린아이들을 만날 여유가 없다고 판단했기 때문이고 또한 아이들을 그렇게 중요한 대상으로 여기지 않았기 때문이다. 
        Although touching is used elsewhere in Mark in connection with healing, the intent of those who brought the children to Jesus was for a “holy man” to bless them.
        Why the disciples rebuked those who brought the children is not stated, but they probably thought Jesus was too busy or too important to be bothered by such insignificant persons. In any event Mark set forth another example of the lack of perception of the disciples. The second instance of “them” could, from a strictly grammatical standpoint, refer to the children; and in order to avoid that understanding, the mass of medieval manuscripts substituted “those who brought them” (NKJV, similarly KJV).

         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 159.
        rebuked them. The disciples consider children to be an annoying distraction (cf. 9:36–37, 42). Jesus reacts emphatically. To Jesus, children are as important as adults, and equally worthy of love (9:36–37; 10:16). to such   p 1915  belongs the kingdom of God. Children do not belong automatically to the kingdom but must come to Jesus and receive him the same as adults.
         Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1914–1915.



        14절) 예수님께서 이러한 제자들의 반응을 보시고 노하시며 말씀하신다. 어린아이들이 나에게 오는 것을 용납하고 금하지 말라. 왜냐하면 하나님의 나라가 이런 자들의 것이기 때문이다. 
        병행본문인 마 19:14과 눅 18:16에는 예수님이 분노하셨다라는 표현이 생략되어 있다. 이 본문이 예수님이 분노하셨다는 유일한 본문이다. 
        본문의 금지하다라는 표현은 일반적으로 세례와 관련되어 사용되었다. 
        본문의 이런 자는 어린아이를 말하는데 일반적으로 어린아이의 특성은 순수하고 겸손하며 자의식이 부족하고 수용적이며 진실함을 의미한다. 
        Both Matt 19:14 and Luke 18:16 omit the statement that Jesus was indignant, no doubt to avoid any thought of Jesus being guilty of a sinful passion. This is sometimes said to be the only example in the Gospels of Jesus being angry, but see 3:5 and the comments on 1:41 and compare the accounts of the cleansing of the temple. The variant reading in 1:41, however, employs a different Greek verb from the one here; and the cleansing accounts do not explicitly state that Jesus was angry.
        The word translated “hinder” is used in Acts 8:36; 10:47; 11:17 (also Matt 3:14) in connection with baptism, and as a result some commentators have claimed that Jesus meant that children were not to be hindered from being baptized. Such a view is eisegesis (reading an idea into the text) rather than exegesis (drawing out the meaning of the text). It is true, however, that the second-century and later church used the passage to justify the practice of infant baptism.
        The word “children” in vv. 13–14, 16 refers to literal children who were being brought to Jesus; but to whom do the words “such as these” in v. 14 and “like a little child” in v. 15 refer, to literal children or to adults who possess childlike characteristics? Without going into the question of the extent to which children can be part of the kingdom of God, the expressions certainly include older people who in their relationship to God possess childlike characteristics. What are these characteristics? Such things as innocence, humility, lack of self-consciousness, receptivity, and trustfulness have been suggested. Not all children share these characteristics, however. The main point of comparison probably is the insignificance, weakness, helplessness, and dependency shared by children in ancient society and those who enter the kingdom at any time. The ultimate focus of the passage is not only on the attitude with which one comes to Jesus but on coming to Jesus, the object of one’s faith.

         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 159–160.

        15절) 누구든지 하나님의 나라를 어린아이와 같이 받아들이지 않는 사람은 결코 그곳에 들어가지 못할 것이다. 이 하나님의 나라는 받아야 하고(데코마이) 또한 들어가야 한다.(에이세르코마이) 하나님 나라의 은혜는 선물로서 받는 것이지만 우리는 믿음과 순종을 통해서 이 왕국에 들어가야만 하는 것이다. 
        The one Greek word amēn, which the NIV translates “I tell you the truth,” emphasizes the importance of the pronouncement. Note that the kingdom is both to be received and entered—two ideas that stand side by side throughout the Bible. The blessings of the kingdom are to be received as a gift, yet we enter the kingdom through responsive faith and obedience. Furthermore, the kingdom and Jesus, in whom it drew near, are virtually synonymous. The expression “like a child” could refer to the way in which one receives a child, but the context favors the idea of the way in which a child receives what is offered to him or her: totally dependent on the person giving it.
        NIV New International Version
         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 160.

        16절) 이제 예수님께서 그 어린아이를 품에 안으시고 그들 위에 안수하시고 축복하셨다. 이렇게 주님앞에 나아온 자들은 주님으로부터 은혜를 입었다. 지금 예수님께서는 아이들을 품에 안으시고 그들위에 손을 얹으시고 축복해주셨다. 이는 많은 말보다 사람들에게 주님께서 아이들을 사랑하신다는 것을 보여주시는 행동이다. 

        천국은, 하나님의 나라는 이처럼 어린아이와 같은 이들의 것이다. 어린아이들이 자라가는 것을 보면서 많은 것들을 느끼고 깨닫게 된다. 아이들은 부모의 뒷모습을 보며 자란다는 것처럼 말보다 보여주는 행동에 영향을 받으며 살아간다. 어쩌면 본받기를 원하는 것보다 본받지 않았으면 하는 것을 더욱 닮아가는 것이 아이들인 것처럼 보인다. 이렇게 수용성을 가지고 많은 것들을 보고 배우는 아이들을 향해서 우리는 어떤 것을 가르쳐줄 수 있을까? 본문의 제자들 처럼 연약한 어린아이들보다 유력한 어른들을 더욱 공동체 안에 중요한 존재들로 여기고 있지는 않은가? 주님께서는 하나님의 나라가 이러한 강함이나 소유에 있지 않음을 말씀해주고 계신 것이다. 
        존재자체로 인정하고 사랑하고 받아들일 수 있어야 하겠다. 





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        Teaching About Divorce
        10 zAnd he left there and went ato the region of Judea and beyond the Jordan, and crowds gathered to him again. And again, as was his custom, he taught them.
        And Pharisees came up and in order bto test him asked, c“Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife?” He answered them, “What did Moses command you?” They said, d“Moses allowed a man to write a certificate of divorce and to send her away.” And Jesus said to them, “Because of your ehardness of heart he wrote you this commandment. But ffrom the beginning of creation, ‘God made them gmale and female.’ h‘Therefore a man shall leave his father and mother and hold fast to his wife,1 and ithe two shall become one flesh.’ So they are no longer two but one flesh. jWhat therefore God has joined together, let not man separate.”
        10 And in the house the disciples asked him again about this matter. 11 And he said to them, k“Whoever divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery against her, 12 and lif she divorces her husband and marries another, she commits adultery.”

        z For ver. 1–12, see Matt. 19:1–9
        a Luke 9:51; 17:11; John 10:40; [Matt. 4:25]
        b See John 8:6
        c Matt. 5:31
        d Deut. 24:1–4
        e ch. 16:14; [ch. 3:5; 6:52; Heb. 3:8]
        f ch. 13:19; 2 Pet. 3:4; [Rom. 1:20]
        g Cited from Gen. 1:27; 5:2
        h Eph. 5:31; Cited from Gen. 2:24
        1 Some manuscripts omit and hold fast to his wife
        i 1 Cor. 6:16; [Mal. 2:15]
        j 1 Cor. 7:10
        k See Matt. 5:32
        l 1 Cor. 7:11, 13
         The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), 막 10:1–12.

        Jesus’ Final Journey to Jerusalem
        Though John mentions several trips to Jerusalem by Jesus during his ministry, Matthew, Mark, and Luke recount only one, which occurred as Jesus prepared for his triumphal entry and subsequent death and resurrection. Beginning at Capernaum, Jesus was apparently diverted from the more direct route when Samaritans refused him access (Luke 9:51–56), so he may have crossed the Jordan and traveled through Perea. Jesus then passed through Jericho and proceeded to Jerusalem.

         Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1914.

        마가복음 10장의 주요내용들
        The material in chap. 10 has something in common with the “tables of household duties” in Eph 5:21–6:9; Col 3:18–4:1; 1 Pet 2:18–3:7 because it treats married persons (vv. 1–12), children (vv. 13–16), rich people (vv. 17–27), and church leaders (vv. 28–31, 35–45). Some would even include the treatment of “little ones” in 9:33–42. To say the least, chap. 10 is not a typical “table of household duties.” Jesus’ affirmation of the goodness of marriage (10:1–12) is not a guideline for order within marriage. The difficulty the rich experience in entering the kingdom (10:23–27) is a poor analogy to the responsibilities of masters and slaves; the servant spirit demanded of church leaders does not parallel lists of qualifications for specific offices. This section of Mark is not so much concerned with order as with discipleship. Mark shows that discipleship expresses itself within relationships.
         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 155.

        유대인들에게 있어서 이혼이라는 주제는 당시 민감한 주제였다. 유대사회안에도 보수적인 샴마이 학파와 진보적인 힐렐 학파가 이에 대해 서로 다른 견해를 가지고 있었다. 보수적인 샴마이 학파의 사람들은 이 본문을 가지고 이혼은 부끄러운 일이고 간음과 같은 것이라고 한 반면에 힐렐 학파사람들은 남편을 기쁘게 하지 못하거나 심지어 음식을 태웠을때도 이혼의 사유가 된다고 주장했다. 또한 로마사회속에서 이혼이 흔했고 이러한 사회현상에 영향을 받은 그리스도인들도 이에 대한 유혹이 있었기에 이 주제를 중요하게 생각했을 것이다. 
        The question about divorce was one of interest in the time of Jesus because of the recent divorces of Herod Antipas and Herodias in order to marry each other (cf. 6:17–18) and because of the debates between the rabbinical schools of Hillel and Shammai. There is no evidence that any Jewish teacher prior to Jesus denied the legitimacy of divorce. The issue was what constituted justifiable grounds for divorce, and that depended in large part on the interpretation of the vague expression in Deut 24:1, which is quite properly translated in the GNB “something about her that he doesn’t like.” The conservative school of Shammai held that it referred to adultery. (This is apparently also the understanding of the NIV, RSV, NASB, NEB, REB, which have “something indecent” or “something shameful” or a similar translation.) The liberal school of Hillel, however, claimed that a man could divorce his wife for anything that displeased him, even burning a meal.12
        The question of divorce was important to Mark’s readers/hearers because divorce was easy and frequent in Rome and because it was tempting for Christians in the city to be caught up in the conventions of their society. The same is true of Christians today.

        NIV New International Version
        12 “The School of Shammai say: A man may not divorce his wife unless he has found unchastity in her.… And the School of Hillel say: [He may divorce her] even if she spoiled a dish for him.… R. Akiba says: Even if he found another fairer than she.” M. Git. 9.10, trans. Danby.
         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 155–156.

        1절) 예수님께서 갈릴리를 떠나 이제 예루살렘에 이르는 그분의 공생애의 마지막 여정을 시작하고 계신다. 유대지경과 요단강 건너편으로 가시는 이 여정속에서 많은 이들이 주님앞에 모여들었고 주님께서는 전례대로, 그분이 행하시던 것처럼 그들을 가르치셨다. 
        예수님께서는 갈릴리 가버나움을 떠나서 예루살렘에 이르는 여정을 가시는데 그 동선이 가장 빨리 가는 여정을 잡으신 것은 아니다. 갈릴리에서 베레아(요단 동편)을 거쳐서 요단을 다시 건너서 벳바게, 베다니는 거쳐서 예루살렘에 들어가시는 길을 택하셨다. 
        And he left there. Jesus sets out on his final journey from Galilee to Jerusalem (vv. 17, 32, 46; 11:1). He returns to the area north of Jericho where his ministry began. He continues to focus his ministry on teaching, as was his custom.
         Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1914.
        A variant reading with fair to good attestation omits the word “and” so that the reference is to “Judea beyond the Jordan.” This reading is almost certainly a secondary assimilation to Matt 19:1. The third reading is that of the majority of medieval manuscripts, “to the region of Judea by the other side of the Jordan” (NKJV, similarly KJV). It successfully solves the problem but for just that reason is also suspect. Scribes tended to eliminate difficulties, not create them. The best procedure is to accept the best attested text and to take the position that Mark made no attempt to list the places in the order Jesus went through them. He did a similar thing in 11:1, where he mentioned Jerusalem before Bethphage and Bethany, although the real order was Bethany, Bethphage, and Jerusalem. Claiming that Mark had little knowledge of Palestinian geography is unnecessary. Jesus probably did go down the east side of the Jordan and then cross into Judea, as the medieval text suggests. Here and in what follows, Mark indicated that after leaving Galilee, Jesus resumed public ministry.
         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 156.

        2절) 바리새인들이 예수님께 나아와 그분을 올무에 빠뜨리기 위해서 그분께 남자가 아내를 버리는 것, 아내와 이혼하는 것이 합법적인지를 물었다. 중요한 것은 바리새인들의 의도이다. 그들의 질문은 무엇이 궁금해서라기 보다는 예수님을 시험하고 그를 위험에 빠뜨리기 위한 것이었다. 이 질문을 했던 지역이 베뢰아 지역(요단 동편)이라면 당시 헤롯이 다스리던 지역으로 이전에 요한이 이일로 인하여 참수당했었고 이와 비슷하게 이러한 논란에 예수님을 빠뜨리고자하는 의도가 있었다. 그렇지 않더라도 그당시 유대의 샴마이와 힐렐 학파가 첨예하게 대립하던 주제에 동참하여 어떤 대답을 하더라도 본인에게 도움이 되지 않도록 하기 위한 악의적인 질문인 것이다. 
        The word “tested” indicates that the question was hostile and had Jesus’ entrapment as its object. The fact that the question was asked in Perea, part of the territory of Herod Antipas, may be significant. Perhaps the Pharisees hoped Jesus would offend Herod, even as John had done, and that he would meet the same fate at the hands of Herod as John did. If not that, he would surely alienate one or both of the rabbinical schools—one if he opted for either strict or lax rules for divorce, both if he disallowed all divorce.
         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 156–157.

        3-4절) 예수님께서는 직접적인 대답을 하기에 앞서서 먼저 모세는 무엇이라고 했는지를 묻고 계신다. 이에 모세는 이혼 증서를 써주면 아내를 버릴 수 있다고 했다고 대답한다. 모세 이전에는 어떤 말이나 증서 없이도 아내를 버릴 수 있었다. 이 상황에서 여인을 보호하기 위한 수단으로 이 결혼을 파괴하는 이혼이 하나님이 원하시는 궁극적인 해결책이 아님에도 불구하고 그들에게 방법으로 제시하신 것이다. 최근 이혼이 급증하고 있는데 이혼을 하기 전에 이혼 숙려기간을 가진다고 한다. 가정법원에서 최소 몇주정도의 고려기간을 가지도록 하는 것으로 이 기간을 통해서 서로를 돌아보도록 하는 것이다. 이혼증서를 쓴다는 것도 어쩌면 이와 비슷하다. 이전에는 그냥 한번 화나서 아내를 버렸다면 합법적으로 이혼을 하기 위해서는 본인이 수고하며 증서를 써서 서명해야했고 사람들의 공증을 거쳐서 이를 자신의 아내에게 전달해야하는 것이다. 이것은 힘없는 여인을 보호하기 위한 법인 것이다. 그런데 문제는 이것이 근본정신을 잃어버리고 합법적으로 이혼을 하는 수단으로 전락해 버린 것이다. 
        Instead of a direct answer, Jesus asked a counterquestion: “What did Moses command you?” The allusion in v. 4 is to Deut 24:1. Prior to Moses’ time, a man apparently could divorce his wife by a mere word. Although it did not constitute God’s ultimate intention for marriage, Deut 24:1 offered some protection for the helpless wife. A husband had to go to the trouble of getting a bill of divorce drawn up and witnessed and formally presenting it to her.
         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 157.

        5-6절) 모세를 통해 주신 이혼에 관한 법은 인간의 완악함으로 인한 것이다. 결국 모세는 이혼을 장려하기 위해서 이 법을 만든 것이 아니다. 어쩔수 없이 인간들의 완악함으로 인해서 이를 허용한 것이다. 결혼이라는 제도는 창조시에 하나님께서 처음 제정하신 것으로 인간이 폐할 수 있는 것이 아니다. 본문은 창 1:27의 인용이다. 하나님 자신이 나뉘어질 수 없는 삼위일체의 존재인것 처럼 하나님께서는 우리 인간을 당신의 형상을 따르게 하시면서 한 남자와 한 여자를 결혼이라는 제도를 통해서 나뉘어 질 수 없는 한몸이 되게 하신 것이다. 이처럼 결혼은 하나님의 성품을 경험할 수 있는 기회가 되는 것이다. 
        Jesus emphasizes that marriage, as a permanent relationship between a man and a woman, goes back to God’s purpose at the beginning of creation (Gen. 1:27; 2:24; Ex. 20:14). Moses’ regulations on divorce (Deut. 24:1–3) were not part of God’s original (“beginning”) plan but were instituted because of your hardness of heart (see note on Matt. 19:8).
         Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1914.
        Jesus moved the discussion to a higher plane by going beyond interpreting Moses’ legislation to God’s original intention for marriage as seen in the creation. The quotation is from Gen 1:27. The entire verse reads: “God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them.” Just as God is inseparably one being, so he intended for a male and a female in marriage to become one being who would not be divided.
         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 157.

        7-8절) 이제 예수님께서는 이 결혼이라는 제도에 대해서 설명하신다. 부모를 떠나서 둘이 한몸이 될 것이다. 그런즉 이제 둘이 아니요 한몸이다. 이는 창 2:24의 인용인데 초기본에는 '아내와 합하여’라는 표현이 생략되어 있다. 결국 중요한 것은 결혼제도는 하나님께서 정하신 제도로 남자와 여자가 둘이 만나서 한 몸이 되는 것으로 누구도 나누지 못하는 신성한 관계라는 것이다. 
        The second quotation is from Gen 2:24. The key terms are “united,” “one flesh,” and “one.” The words “and be united to his wife” are omitted from the two earliest Greek manuscripts and a few other good quality textual witnesses (and from the NASB). The textual problem is whether the words were added by copyists to conform Mark to Gen 2:24 and/or Matt 19:5 or whether they were accidentally omitted when an early scribe skipped from the second “and” in v. 7 to “and” at the beginning of v. 8. It is impossible to say with confidence.
        The divine ideal as seen in creation is the permanent union of a man and a woman in marriage and no divorce whatsoever.

         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 157.

        9절) 예수님께서는 창조의 원칙속에서 이혼, 하나님께서 짝지어주신 것을 사람이 나누는 것은 합당하지 않다라고 분명하게 말씀하신다. 

        10-12절) 이 가르침 이후에 이제 다시 집에 들어와 제자들에게 이혼에 대해서 주님이 원하시는 기준을 제시하고 계신다. 아내, 본처를 버리고 다른 여자에게 장가드는 것은 본처에게 간음하는 것이고 또한 아내가 남편을 버리고 다른 남자에게 시집가는 것도 간음하는 것이다라고 말씀하신다. 
        당시 사람들에게 있어서 다른 남자나 여자와 관계를 맺는 것이 간음이라고 생각했다. 하지만 지금 주님은 자신의 아내를 버리고 다른 여자에게 장가드는 이는 본처에게 간음하는 것이고, 남편을 버리고 다른 남자에게 시집가는 이도 간음한 것이라고 하면서 당시의 기준과는 다른 기준을 제시하고 계시는 것이다. 이것이 당시의 기준에는 불법적인 것은 아니지만 하나님 나라의 기준에서는 간음이라는 것을 말씀하고 계시는 것이다. 
        12절의 본문은 마가복음에만 등장한다. 고대 유대 사회에서는 여자가 남자와 이혼할 수 있는 권한이 없었다. 유대 사회의 법에서는 불가능했지만 당시 로마의 법체제 에서는 가능하던 일이었다. 로마 사회에서는 남자와 여자가 이혼에 대한 같은 권리를 가지고 있었다. 이 당시는 유대의 법과 로마의 법이 공존하던 시기로 혹시 어떤 여인이 이혼을 요구했다면 그녀는 유대사회에서 쫓겨날 것을 각오하고 로마의 법정에서 그렇게 요구할 수 있었을 것이다. 본문을 읽으면서 헤로디아의 어미가 요구했던 것을 생각하면 이 언급이 얼마나 의미심장한지를 느낄 수 있다. 
        예수님께서는 지금 당신의 제자들을 향해서 하나님께서 제정하신 결혼의 가장 높은 기준을 가르치고 계신 것이다. 모든 세대의 그리스도인들은 그러한 하나님의 기준을 만족시키지 못한다. 바로 인간의 연악함으로 인해서 말이다. 하나님께서는 우리의 연약함을 아시기에 이 문제에 대해서도 용서하신다. 하나님은 분명히 이 죄를 용서하시지만 분명한 것은 이혼은 하나님을 기쁘시게 할 수 없다는 사실이다. 이혼의 선택은 언제나 최고, 최선의 선택이 될 수 없다. 
        - According to Jewish law, a wife could commit adultery against her husband by having relations with another man; and a man, whether or not married, could commit adultery against another man by having relations with that man’s wife. But a husband could not commit adultery against his own wife by being unfaithful to her. By insisting that a husband could commit adultery against his own wife, Jesus greatly elevated the status of wives and women in general.
         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 158.
        - The effect of Jesus’ teaching is to condemn all divorce as contrary to God’s will and to set forth the highest standards of marriage for his disciples. Christians of all eras have often fallen short of the ideal just as ancient Jews did, and there is no reason to think the same provision for human imperfection that existed in Moses’ day does not still exist today. God can forgive divorce as well as other sins. Divorce may sometimes be the lesser of two evils, but it is never pleasing to God or good in itself. It should not be looked upon by conscientious Christians as the preferred option.
         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 158. 









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        Temptations to Sin
        42 k“Whoever causes one of lthese little ones who believe in me to sin,7 mit would be better for him if a great millstone were hung around his neck and he were thrown into the sea. 43 nAnd if your hand causes you to sin, cut it off. It is better for you to enter life crippled than with two hands to go to ohell,8 to pthe unquenchable fire.9 45 qAnd if your foot causes you to sin, cut it off. It is better for you to enter life lame than with two feet to be thrown into ohell. 47 rAnd if your eye causes you to sin, tear it out. It is better for you to enter the kingdom of God with one eye than with two eyes to be thrown into shell, 48 ‘where ttheir worm does not die and the fire is not quenched.’ 49 For everyone will be salted with fire.10 50 vSalt is good, wbut if the salt has lost its saltiness, how will you make it salty again? xHave salt in yourselves, and ybe at peace with one another.”

        k Matt. 18:6; Luke 17:2; [1 Cor. 8:12]
        l [Zech. 13:7]
        7 Greek to stumble; also verses 43, 45, 47
        m [ch. 14:21]
        n Matt. 5:30; 18:8
        o See Matt. 5:22, 29
        8 Greek Gehenna; also verse 47
        p ver. 48; Matt. 3:12; See Matt. 25:41
        9 Some manuscripts add verses 44 and 46 (which are identical with verse 48)
        q Matt. 18:8
        o [See ver. 43 above]
        r Matt. 5:29; 18:9
        s See Matt. 5:22, 29
        t Isa. 66:24
        10 Some manuscripts add and every sacrifice will be salted with salt
        v Luke 14:34
        w Matt. 5:13
        x Ezek. 43:24; Col. 4:6; [Eph. 4:29]
        y Rom. 12:18; 2 Cor. 13:11; 1 Thess. 5:13; [ver. 34]; See Rom. 14:19
         The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), Mk 9:42–50.

        42절) 누구든지 주님을 믿는 작은 소자중에 하나라도 실족하게 하면 차라리 연자 맷돌을 그 목에 매달아 바다에 던지우는 것이 더 나을 것이다. 
        본문의 소자는 연약하고 미성숙한 초신자, 어린 신자를 의미한다. 그런 의미에서 실족하게 될 확률이 높은 이들이다. 우리안에, 이러한 소자들은 어떤 사람들이 있는가? 말 그대로 초신자들, 소수자들, 사회로부터 소외된 인권의 사각지대에 있는 이들을 말하는 것이다. 이런 이들로 하여금 죄를 짓게 하거나 걸려 넘어지게 하면 심각한 심판을 받게 된다는 것이다. 그 결과는 연자 맷돌을 목에 매달고 죽게 된다는 것이다. 
        The “little ones” of this verse represent the same persons as the “child” in vv. 36–37: immature, weak, and perhaps new believers. To cause these (whom society views as insignificant) to sin or stumble will bring serious judgment. The judgment is pictured as a large millstone tied around the neck. The “large millstone” was one turned by a donkey (so the Greek construction) rather than a hand mill used by a woman.
         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 152.
        실족하게 하다라는 단어(sin)는 ‘스칸달리조’로 넘어지게하다, 혹은 스캔들에 빠지게 하다라는 의미이다. 조금더 적극적으로 상대방을 넘어뜨리는 행동을 의미한다. 
        The word sin (9:42) may be misleading. In this case the Greek word might be better translated “stumble” or “scandalize” or even “be offended.” In the context of 9:30–50 the idea is not that the disciples might cause someone to lie or cheat or steal. Jesus was concerned that people would take offense at him because of what his followers did to them. Jesus valued the people whom the disciples considered to be beneath them. It is not hard to imagine someone taking offense in Jesus because of what his disciples had done in their pursuit of power and prestige. He came to serve people whom the disciples wanted to dominate.
         Ronald J. Kernaghan, Mark, The IVP New Testament Commentary Series (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2007), 185.

        43-48절) 만일 손이 나로 범죄하게 하거든 그것을 찍어 내버려라. 장애인으로 영생에 들어가는 것이 두 손을 가지고 지옥 곧 꺼지지 않는 불에 들어가는 것보다 나을 것이다. 또한 내 발이 나로 하여금 죄를 짓게 하거든 이것을 찍어 내 버려야. 다리를 저는 자로 영생에 들어가는 것이 두 발을 가지고 지옥에 던져지는 것보다 낫다. 도한 나의 눈이 자로 하여금 범죄하게 하거든 이것을 빼버리라. 한눈으로 하나님 나라에 들어가는 것이 두 눈을 가지고 지옥에 던져지는 것보다 낫다. 
        본문은 대표적인 과장법이다. 본문을 문자적으로 해석하게 될때 큰 문제가 생긴다. 이는 주님께서 얼마나 이러한 영적인 삶, 영생, 하나님 나라의 삶을 중요하게 여기시는지, 이를 위해서 어떠한 희생을 통해서라도 이를 얻기 위해서 노력할 것을 요청하고 계신 것이다. 영생의 삶을 위협하는 어떤 것이라도 마치 외과 의사가 심각하게 우리의 몸을 파괴하는 조직을 도려내듯이 심각하게 여기고 대처해야한다고 가르치고 있는 것이다. 
        영생에 들어가는 것(43, 45)과 하나님 나라에 들어가는 것(47)은 같은 의미이다. 
        Whereas v. 42 deals with causing someone else to sin, vv. 43–48 are concerned with permitting oneself to sin. These verses contain metaphors that must not be taken literally, as did the church father Origen (d. a.d. 254).10 Neither must they be ignored. Jesus used the most startling metaphors possible to show that the possession of spiritual life is worth the most costly sacrifice. Whatever endangers spiritual life must be totally removed even as a surgeon amputates a limb that endangers the life of the rest of the body. Romans 8:13 and Col 3:5 provide a good commentary on the teaching of Jesus here. The “life” of vv. 43, 45 is obviously the same as the “kingdom of God” of v. 47 and the “eternal life” of 10:17, 30.
        10 When Origen was not able to suppress completely his lust, he mutilated himself (Eusebius, Church History 6.8, however, associated the act with the saying in Matt 19:12).
         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 153.

        본문에서 손은 우리가 힘을 사용하는 방법을, 발은 우리의 삶이 무엇을 추구하는지를 또한 눈은 우리가 가치롭게 여기는 것이 무엇인지를 의미한다. 만약 이러한 것일 죄를 짓게 한다면 이것을 제거할 것을 요청하는 것이다. 이러한 선언은 개인의 악에 대한 경고라기 보다는 신뢰와 리더십의 위치를 악용하는 것에 대한 경고이다. 
        These are strong words, but the worst was still to come: If your hand causes you to sin, cut it off.… And if your foot causes you to sin, cut it off.… And if your eye causes you to sin, pluck it out. The hand represents the way we use power, the foot symbolizes the things we spend our lives pursuing, and the eye stands for the things we value. If these things cause us to sin, we are to get rid of them. For the Twelve, in particular, the words causes you to sin mean doing something to offend one of the little ones who believe in Jesus. These declarations are not so much a warning against personal vices as they are a warning against abusing positions of trust and leadership.
         Ronald J. Kernaghan, Mark, The IVP New Testament Commentary Series (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2007), 186.

        43, 45, 47에 사용된 지옥은 게하나라는 단어이다. 이는 힌놈의 골짜기를 의미하는데 몰렉에게 아이들을 희생제사로  드렸던 곳이다. 
        The word translated “hell” in vv. 43, 45, 47 is gehenna. The Greek word is a transliteration of two Hebrew words meaning valley of Hinnom. The reference is to the deep valley on the south and west side of Jerusalem. In pre-Israelite times it was the site of child sacrifice to Molech. Some Israelites, in times of spiritual decline, seem to have adopted the practice also (Jer 7:31; 19:6; 32:35; cf. 2 Kgs 16:3). In an attempt to stop the practice, Josiah desecrated the site (2 Kgs 23:10). During intertestamental times it became the garbage and sewage dump of Jerusalem and a symbol of the place of punishment (1 Enoch 27:2; 4 Ezra 7:36) because worms and fires were always consuming the refuse (v. 48). Although the KJV translates both alike, one should always distinguish between gehenna and hades. The latter is the place of the dead or simply the grave.
         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 153.

        48절) 거기, 지옥에서는 구더기, 벌레도 죽지 않고 불도 꺼지지 않는다. 
        본문은 앞의 지옥, 게한나로 구더기와 불은 파괴를 상징한다. 앞선 44절과 46절이 빠져있는데 48절의 반복으로 의도적으로 생략했다고 여긴다. 
        The quotation in 9:48 is from Isa 66:24 LXX, which was important in the development of the symbolism of gehenna. The worm and the fire are symbols of destruction. Verses 44 and 46 are not found in the earliest and best textual witnesses and are a scribal repetition based on v. 48, where the statement is unquestionably authentic.
         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 153.

        49절) 사람마다 불로써 소금 치듯 함을 받을 것이다. / 모든 사람이 다 소금에 절이듯 불에 절여질 것이다. 
        본문의 표현은 마가복음에만 등장하는 표현으로 여러 해석들이 존재한다. 먼저는 믿는자 자신이 지금 하나님께 바쳐지는 것으로 하나님의 성령의 불에 의해서 정결케 되어진 소금이라고 생각합니다. 둘째로 소금은 고난과 역경의 불에 의해서 정화를 받은 소금을 나타내는 것으로 이해하는데 이는 기꺼이 치러야하는 제자도의 댓가를 의미한다는 것입니다. 우리들은 그리스도를 위해서 때로는 값비싼, 고통스러운 댓가를 치러야만 합니다. 이 소금과 불은 또한 하나님을 기쁘시게 하고 신자들을 정화시켜 줍니다. 물론 이 과정이 고통스럽지만 결코 신자를 멸망시키지 않을 것입니다. 왜냐하면 소금은 음식을 파괴하지 않고 보존해주는 역할을 하기 때문입니다. 
        For everyone will be salted with fire is a puzzling statement that occurs only in Mark, and many interpretations have been proposed: (1) Against the background of Lev. 2:13, “with all your offerings you shall offer salt” (see also Ezek. 43:24), some think Jesus means that believers themselves are now what is being offered to God (cf. Rom. 12:1), and the “salt” that is in them is the purifying “fire” of God’s Holy Spirit. The cleansing and purifying properties of salt support this idea, but this is surely an obscure way to refer to the Holy Spirit, and the connection to the larger context of Mark 9:43–48 is unclear. (2) A second interpretation also views believers as a sacrifice to God against that same OT background but understands the salt to represent purification by the “fire” of suffering and hardship, which is related to the costliness of discipleship implied in the willingness to give up even a hand or an eye (vv. 43–48). In other words, “Be willing to give up anything (vv. 43–48), and also to suffer for Christ’s sake, for something costly and painful will come into everyone’s life (v. 49).” But the “salt” and the “fire” also make the sacrifice pleasing to God and have a purifying effect on the believer. And as salt does not destroy but preserves food, so the suffering will not destroy the believer. (3) Others think that “everyone” means both believers and unbelievers, and thus the verse teaches that unbelievers will undergo the terrible fire of God’s judgment (cf. vv. 47–48), but believers, while not experiencing hell, will still in this life undergo the purifying, cleansing fire of God that comes through hardship and suffering. Interpretations (2) and (3) are similar, (2) being perhaps the best.
         Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1913.

        50절) 소금은 좋은 것인데 소금이 만일 그 맛을 잃으면 무엇으로 짜게 하겠느냐? 너희속에 소금을 가지고 서로 화목하라. 암염의 형태에서 우리는 맛잃은 소금이 무엇인가를 보게 된다. 외형은 그대로이지만 그 속에 성분은 빠져나간 상태를 말한다. 그리스도인으로서 경건의 모습은 있지만 경건의 능력을 잃어버린 상태가 바로 맛잃은 소금인 것이다. 그렇기에 우리는 경건의 능력을 잃지 않도록 노력해야 할 것이고 우리 가운데 소금의 맛을 유지하기 위해서 노력해야 할 것이다. 
        소금은 세상속에서 맛을 내고 부패를 방지한다. 우리 그리스도인들은 마땅히 세상속에서 그러한 역할을 감당해야 하는 것이다. 소금을 너희속에 가지라는 것은 그리스도인으로써 기꺼이 희생하고 상식적으로 행동하고 이웃을 사랑하며 지혜롭고 화목가운데 우정을 유지할 것을 말하는 것이다. 이러한 모습이야말로 세상을 부패하지 않도록 유지하도록 만든다. 
        Here the allusion is to salt used in domestic life. “Salt is good” in that it is a necessity for life and a preservative. Christians are likewise a source of spiritual life for the world. They restrain evil and thus preserve the moral order. Christians, however, can and sometimes do cease to function as the “salt” of the world, and it is against this that Jesus warned. Pure salt cannot lose it saltiness. What was used as salt in ancient times, however, and especially what was gathered from the Dead Sea in Palestine, contained many impurities. If the true salt were removed, what remained might still look like salt but could not perform the life-giving and life-saving function of salt. A person may have the external appearance of a disciple, but not the internal properties.
        “Have salt in yourselves” has been variously interpreted to refer to being willing to be sacrificed, common sense (cf. Col 4:6), loving neighbors, wisdom, fellowship and friendship, and being at peace. Probably the idea is simply to give life and preservation to the world.
        This miscellaneous collection of the sayings of Jesus on discipleship began with a dispute (vv. 33–34), and it concludes with an admonition to be at peace with one another. Peace (reconciliation) is disrupted by ambition to be great in a worldly fashion; it is promoted by the servant attitude.

         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 154.








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        Anyone Not Against Us Is for Us
        38 fJohn said to him, “Teacher, we saw someone gcasting out demons in your name,6 and hwe tried to stop him, because he was not following us.” 39 But Jesus said, “Do not stop him, for no one who does a mighty work in my name will be able soon afterward to speak evil of me. 40 iFor the one who is not against us is for us. 41 For truly, I say to you, jwhoever gives you a cup of water to drink because you belong to Christ will by no means lose his reward.

        f For ver. 38–40, see Luke 9:49, 50
        g ch. 16:17; Matt. 7:22; Luke 10:17; Acts 19:13; [Matt. 12:27]
        6 Some manuscripts add who does not follow us
        h [Num. 11:28]
        i [Matt. 12:30; Luke 11:23]
        j See Matt. 10:42
         The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), Mk 9:38–41.

        예수님께서 이방인이나 많은 유대인들을 향해 보이신 관용, 개방성은 우리가 본받아야할 성품이다. 
        That the early church would have invented a story about Jesus’ tolerance is hard to believe because early Christians were not always tolerant (cf. Luke 9:54; 2 Cor 2:6–8; and especially the unwillingness of many Jewish Christians to accept fully Gentile Christians as seen frequently in Acts). Jesus’ openness here, however, is similar to his attitude toward Gentiles and Samaritans as recorded in Matt 8:5–13; Luke 7:2–10; 9:52–56; 10:29–37; John 4. Comparing the account with Joshua’s attempt to restrain Eldad and Medad from prophesying in Num 11:26–29 is interesting, but there is no reason to think that the Old Testament story has influenced the New Testament one.
         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 151.

        38절) 요한이 예수님께 이렇게 말했다. “선생님이여, 우리를 따르지 않는 어떤 사람이 주님의 이름으로 귀신을 내쫓는 것을 우리가 보고 우리를 따르지 않기에 이를 금하였습니다.” 본문은 마가의 기록중 요한이 언급한 유일한 내용인데 요한이 어떤 성품인지를 옅볼 수 있다. 눅 9:54-55을 보면 예수님을 받아들이지 않는 마을 사람들을 향해서 야고보와 요한이 불같은 성격으로 불을 명하여 이들을 멸할 것을 요청하는데 이에 대해서 주님께서 이들을 꾸짖으시는 것을 볼 수 있다. 이처럼 요한은 당시 불같은 성격의 소유자로 예수님의 이름을 빙자하여 이러한 일을 하는 것에 대해서 부정적인 태도를 위한 것이다. 
        이렇게 귀신을 쫓아내는 이들중에는 주님을 따르는 이들도 있었을 것이고 주님을 따르지 않으면서 단지 그 이름만을 도용하는 이들도 있었을 것이다. 이들의 경우에 단지 귀신을 쫓는 신비한 이적을 이유로 이러한 행동을 하는 것이기에 영혼에 대한 연민의 마음을 가지지는 않았을 것이다. 그래서 요한의 이러한 요청은 합당해 보인다. 인정받지 못한이들이 함부로 예수의 이름으로 행하는 일들이 예수님의 사역을 가리우고 어렵게 할 수 있기 때문이다. 
        Only here in Mark is any action or saying of the disciple John recorded. His intolerance here is compatible with that in Luke 9:54–55. Driving out a demon in Jesus’ name involved invoking that name in doing so. Acts 19:13–14 indicates that Jewish exorcists sometimes used the name of Jesus in their work. There the practice was condemned, probably because they had no sympathy with Jesus or his followers and employed the name only as a magical incantation. Here it was approved, probably because the exorcist was a believer. The objection of John, who evidently was speaking on behalf of all the disciples, was only that the man was not part of their little group and had not been authorized by Jesus to use his name. From what follows, the objection evidently was not valid.
         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 151.

        39-40절) 예수님께서는 이러한 요한의 우려에 대해서 이를 금하지 말것을 말씀하신다. 자신의 이름을 의지하여 능한일을 한자들이 즉시로 자신을 반대하거나 비방하지 않을 것이라는 이유이다. 그래서 우리를 반대하지 않는 자는 우리를 위하는 자이다 라고 말씀하셨다.  이러한 태도는 예수님과 이후의 바울의 사역속에서 옅볼 수 있다.(빌 1:17-18) 제자들은 자신들의 사역에 집중했고 그외의 것들은 하나님께 믿음으로 맡겨드렸다. 주님을 따르는 이들을 비판하기 보다는 그들을 용납할 필요가 있다. 하지만 주님을 따르지 않는 이들에게도 동일한 것이 요구되는 것은 아니다. 
        Jesus’—and Mark’s—point was that all who with any degree of sincerity do something for or on behalf of Jesus (note “in my name”) were to be recognized as allies, if not fellow disciples. The lesson for the church today is that tolerance, acceptance, and recognition should be extended to other denominations and to persons of other theological persuasions. Sadly, few individual Christians and Christian groups throughout the history of the church have followed this teaching of Jesus. Exclusiveness rather than inclusiveness has been the rule. The saying in v. 40 seems to contradict the one in Matt 12:30 (cf. Luke 11:23). In the latter case, however, the allusion is to those who unquestionably opposed Jesus. Here it is to one who was in basic sympathy with Jesus and his work.
         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 151–152.

        41절) 누구든지 너희가 그리스도에게 속한 자라 하여 물 한 그릇이라도 주면 그 물을 주는 자는 결코 상을 잃지 않을 것이다라고 말씀하신다. 우리들은 그리스도에게 속한 자이다. 그런 우리를 향하여 물 한 그릇을 주는 자는 바로 우리가 그리스도에게 속해있기에 그 상을 잃지 않을 것이라고 말씀하시는 것이다. 여기서 물 한 그릇은 어떤 의미일까? 이리들에게 물 한 컵, 냉수 한 사발은 우리가 줄 수 있는 작은 것, 하찮은 것일 수 있지만 본문이 기록된 근동지역, 사막지역에서는 물 한 컵은 생명과도 같은 귀중한 것일 수 있다. 그래서 당시에 물을 알지 못하는 누군가에게, 손님에게 대접하는 행위는 타인을 향한 호의를 표현하는 중요한 행동인 것이다. 
        이렇게 주님의 이름을 위하여, 그분에게 속한 우리를 대접하는 행동에 대해서 하나님께서 기억하시고 상을 베푸실 것을 말씀하고 계신 것이다. 
        The “cup of water” may be taken literally because water was precious in a semiarid climate, or it may be viewed as symbolic of any kind of hospitality. The word “you” refers to any disciple of Jesus who is engaged in any kind of ministry or who is in any kind of need. The word “my” is not in the best attested Greek text, but the NIV may be interpreting that text rather than translating an inferior one. Even more interpretative is the RSV “because you bear the name of Christ.” The Greek expression is an idiom meaning on the basis of or on the ground that or simply because. One could leave out the word “name” and translate “because you belong to Christ” (NIV). The word “Christ” (without any article in Greek) is used as a proper name, as is common in the Pauline Letters but rare in the Gospels and Acts. This verse and 10:21, 30 are the only references to reward in Mark. He did not look upon it as a major motive for discipleship.
        NIV New International Version
        NIV New International Version
         James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 152.









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