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The Death of Eli
12 A man of Benjamin ran from the battle line and came to Shiloh the same day, hwith his clothes torn and with dirt on his head. 13 When he arrived, iEli was sitting on his seat by the road watching, for his heart trembled for the ark of God. And when the man came into the city and told the news, all the city cried out. 14 When Eli heard the sound of the outcry, he said, “What is this uproar?” Then the man hurried and came and told Eli. 15 Now Eli was ninety-eight years old jand his eyes were set so that he could not see. 16 And the man said to Eli, “I am he who has come from the battle; I fled from the battle today.” And he said, k“How did it go, my son?” 17 He who brought the news answered and said, “Israel has fled before the Philistines, and there has also been a great defeat among the people. Your two sons also, Hophni and Phinehas, are dead, and the ark of God has been captured.” 18 As soon as he mentioned the ark of God, Eli fell over backward lfrom his seat by the side of the gate, and his neck was broken and he died, for the man was old and heavy. He had judged Israel forty years.
19 Now his daughter-in-law, the wife of Phinehas, was pregnant, about to give birth. And when she heard the news that the ark of God was captured, and that her father-in-law and her husband were dead, she bowed and gave birth, for her pains came upon her. 20 And about the time of her death the women attending her said to her, m“Do not be afraid, for you have borne a son.” But she did not answer or pay attention. 21 And she named the child nIchabod, saying, o“The glory has departed2 from Israel!” because pthe ark of God had been captured and because of her father-in-law and her husband. 22 And she said, “The glory has departed from Israel, pfor the ark of God has been captured.”
h See Josh. 7:6
i ver. 18; ch. 1:9
j 1 Kgs. 14:4; [ch. 3:2]
k 2 Sam. 1:4
l ver. 13
m Gen. 35:17
n ch. 14:3
o Ps. 78:61; [Ps. 26:8]
2 Or gone into exile; also verse 22
p ver. 11
p [See ver. 21 above]
12 A man of Benjamin ran from the battle line and came to Shiloh the same day, hwith his clothes torn and with dirt on his head. 13 When he arrived, iEli was sitting on his seat by the road watching, for his heart trembled for the ark of God. And when the man came into the city and told the news, all the city cried out. 14 When Eli heard the sound of the outcry, he said, “What is this uproar?” Then the man hurried and came and told Eli. 15 Now Eli was ninety-eight years old jand his eyes were set so that he could not see. 16 And the man said to Eli, “I am he who has come from the battle; I fled from the battle today.” And he said, k“How did it go, my son?” 17 He who brought the news answered and said, “Israel has fled before the Philistines, and there has also been a great defeat among the people. Your two sons also, Hophni and Phinehas, are dead, and the ark of God has been captured.” 18 As soon as he mentioned the ark of God, Eli fell over backward lfrom his seat by the side of the gate, and his neck was broken and he died, for the man was old and heavy. He had judged Israel forty years.
19 Now his daughter-in-law, the wife of Phinehas, was pregnant, about to give birth. And when she heard the news that the ark of God was captured, and that her father-in-law and her husband were dead, she bowed and gave birth, for her pains came upon her. 20 And about the time of her death the women attending her said to her, m“Do not be afraid, for you have borne a son.” But she did not answer or pay attention. 21 And she named the child nIchabod, saying, o“The glory has departed2 from Israel!” because pthe ark of God had been captured and because of her father-in-law and her husband. 22 And she said, “The glory has departed from Israel, pfor the ark of God has been captured.”
h See Josh. 7:6
i ver. 18; ch. 1:9
j 1 Kgs. 14:4; [ch. 3:2]
k 2 Sam. 1:4
l ver. 13
m Gen. 35:17
n ch. 14:3
o Ps. 78:61; [Ps. 26:8]
2 Or gone into exile; also verse 22
p ver. 11
p [See ver. 21 above]
The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 1 Sa 4:12–22.
12절) 이처럼 옷을 찟고 머리에 재를 쓰는 행위는 극도의 슬픔, 공포에 대한 당시의 일반적인 반응이다.
- Tearing one’s clothes, often along with putting dirt on one’s head, was the normal reaction to grief or horror in the OT (e.g., 2 Sam. 1:2, 11; 3:31; 13:19, 31; 15:32; Job 2:12).
Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 499.
17절) 베냐민 사람, 소식을 전하는 자는 점점 심각한 상황을 점층적으로 전하고 있다.
이스라엘이 블레셋에게 패하여 도망을 함-백성중에 큰 살륙이 있음-두아들 홉니와 비느하스의 죽음-하나님의 궤를 빼앗김
18절) 이 소식을 듣고 엘리가 자신의 의자에서 뒤로 넘어져 목이 부러져 죽음
- 이 사건은 엘리의 시대가 끝나고 새로운 시대가 오고 있음을 의미한다. 뿐만 아니라 엘리의 목이 부러진 사건은 이후에 다곤 신상이 넘어지고 목이 부러지는 것과 평행하게 이루어지는 것이다.(5장의 사건)
- 혹자는 "
He had judged Israel forty years.”의 표현으로 신명기에서 말하는 왕권의 종결을 의미한다고 본다.
R. Polzin suggests a different significance to the death of Eli: “Eli falling backward off his throne to his death is this overture’s central event, the Deuteronomist’s view of kingship in a nutshell. Eli represents all the burden and doom that kingship brought Israel. He had ‘judged’ Israel for forty years; that is to say, in the fullness of time kingship in Israel would disappear”
Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996).
21절) 이가봇의 뜻은 “영광이 어디에 있느냐?”라는 의미이다.
-
Ichabod means “where is the glory?”
본문에서 떠났다(גָּלָה galah, depart)라는 표현은 추방하다(exile)로 해석할 수도 있다. 그런 의미에서 본문은 하나님께서 자신의 영광을 이스라엘에게서 거두어가신 것인지, 추방된 달리 말하면 쫓겨난 것인지에 따라 다르게 해석된다. 앞서 엘리 아들들의 행동과 장로들의 행동으로 하나님께서 진노하셔서 자신의 영광을 거두셨을수도 있고, 앞서의 행동이 하나님을 추방시키는 원인으로 작용했을수도 있다. 왜냐하면 하나님께서는 공의의 하나님이시기에 불의와 함께 하실 수 없기 때문이다.
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כָּבַד kabob or כָּבֵד kabed, 18절의 heavy(비대한)은 히브리어 카보드의 의미인데 이는 무거운, 영광의라는 의미를 가진다. 본문에서 족장인 엘리와 두아들의 죽음, 그래서 엘리 왕가의 종말, 하나님의 궤를 빼앗긴 것은 바로 이날 이스라엘에 이가봇이라는 말처럼 하나님의 영광(kid)이 부재한 것, 떠나 버린 것을 의미한다.
With her dying gasps she named the child “Ichabod” (Hb. ʾî-kābôd, lit., “Where [is] glory?” or “Nothing of glory”). The name, a derivative of kbd (cf. discussion of v. 18), was appropriate, for with the deaths of the patriarch and his two sons the kbd—honor, weight, burden—of the Elide dynasty was gone. More than that, the glorious “ark of God” (v. 21), the Lord’s throne, had “been captured” (v. 22). For Israel on that day the kbd was gone.
Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 94.
본문을 그림으로, 영화의 한 장면으로 생각해 보라. 한사람이 달려와 전장의 소식을 전한다. 그리고 그 소식을 듣고 온 성읍이 울부짖는다. 성전에 앉아서 하나님의 궤와 자신의 아들들, 전쟁에 대해서 걱정하던 98세의 제사장은 이 소리를 듣는다.(그는 지금 나이들어 보지 못한다.) 엘리앞에 소식을 전하는 자가 달려와서 전쟁의 소식과 아들, 궤를 빼앗겼음을 전하자 비둔한 엘리는 자신의 의자에서 뒤로 넘어져 목이 부러져 죽고 만다. 뿐만 아니라 그의 며느리, 비느하스의 아내도 이 소식을 듣고 조산으로 아이를 낳고 죽고 만다. 이 아이의 이름이 이가봇이다.
하나님의 영광이 떠나버린 이스라엘, 하나님은 온전히 이스라엘의 왕이시기를 원했으나 이스라엘은 하나님이 아니라 자신들의 눈에 보이는 왕을 요구했다. 또한 하나님을 온전히 섬기지 못하고 그분을 멸시했다. 그 결과 하나님께서 그 영광을 거두어 가신 것이다. 우리들은 어떠한가? 하나님의 영광이 우리들 가운데 거하는가? 아니면 그 영광을 쫓아내고 있지는 않는가? 하나님의 영광을 구하는 우리들이 될 수 있기를….
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