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A Lamp Under a Basket
21 wAnd he said to them, x“Is a lamp brought in to be put under a basket, or under a bed, and not on a stand? 22 yFor nothing is hidden except to be made manifest; nor is anything secret except to come to light. 23 zIf anyone has ears to hear, let him hear.” 24 And he said to them, “Pay attention to what you hear: awith the measure you use, it will be measured to you, and still more will be added to you. 25 bFor to the one who has, more will be given, and from the one who has not, even what he has will be taken away.” 

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2016), 막 4:21–25.

병행구절 (마 5:15; 눅 8:16-18)

21절) 사람이 등불을 가져오는 이유가 그릇이나 침상 밑에 두기 위함이냐 아니면 등경위에 두기 위함이냐? 
원래 원어상에는 “The lamp does not come.”라고 표현되어 있다. 등불이 어떻게 온다는 것인가? 본문에서 등불은 예수님뿐만 아니라 예수님께서 알려주시기 원하는 하나님 나라를 표현한다. 예수님과 하나님 나라는 감추어지기 위해서가 아니라 드러내기 위해서 임한 것이다. 
- The claim of the preceding paragraph can be seen in the Greek text, a literal translation of which is, “The lamp does not come.” How can a lamp30 “come”? Some have tried to explain Mark’s term as a Semitism, but the best explanation is that the lamp represents either Jesus31 as well as the parables with which he taught or the kingdom of God that drew near with his coming. Jesus and the kingdom did not come to be hidden but to be revealed to all. Such revelation, however, could not be made fully until after Jesus’ death and resurrection.
30 Ancient lamps consisted of a bowl filled with olive oil and having a spout in which a wick was laid. The KJV translation “candle” is an anachronism because candles were not invented until the Middle Ages.
31 The presence of the definite article before the word “lamp” supports this interpretation.
 James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 84.

22절) "숨겨 둔 것은 드러나고, 감추어 둔 것은 나타나기 마련이다.”(새번역) 
결국 등불은 잠시동안 숨겨졌고 감추어져 있다. 예수님과 하나님 나라가 그러하다는 것이다. 예수님께서는 이후의 그분의 부활을 통해서 밝히 드러나셨다. 하지만 하나님의 나라는 영화때까지 완전히 드러나지 않을 것이다. 
- The statement seems to contradict v. 21 by indicating that a lamp may be hidden temporarily. Jesus and the kingdom were in fact concealed temporarily. Jesus was fully revealed following his resurrection, but the kingdom will not be fully realized until the consummation. This verse informs the “messianic secret,” indicating that Jesus intended a definite limit on it. James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 84.

이 말씀을 하시는 예수님께서 숨기신 것이 무엇인가? 마가는 예수님께서 비유를 사용하심으로 하나님 나라에 대한 교훈을 숨기셨다고 말한다. 비유에 대한 두가지 긴장이 존재한다. 첫째는 예수님께서 자신이나 하나님 나라 혹은 그분의 메시지를 스스로 숨기려고 오신 것이 아니라는 것이다. 둘째로 22절에서 말하는 것처럼 숨기는 이유는 이를 드러내기 위함이라는 것이다. 
- The speaker in this case is Jesus, and the question is, What has he hidden? In the Gospel of Mark the only thing that Jesus has hidden is his teaching about the kingdom of God, and he has hidden it in parables. These verses then are actually a collection of sayings about parables. They affirm two things that stand together in considerable tension. The first is that Jesus has not come to hide himself (Schweizer 1970:98), the kingdom of God (Anderson 1976:136) or even his message (Gundry 1993:212). Second, 4:22 paradoxically affirms that the purpose of hiding something is to reveal it. And after these two assertions we encounter once again the command to pay attention. Ronald J. Kernaghan, Mark, The IVP New Testament Commentary Series (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2007), 95.

23-24절) 23절은 앞선 9절과 유사하다.  너희가 듣는 것에 주의를 기울여라. 너희가 헤아리는 그 헤아림으로 너희가 헤아림을 받을 것이고 더 받을 것이다.(마 7:2; 눅 6:38)  
- If the hearer embraces Jesus’ message of the kingdom in a rich and profound way, then still more will be added to you—that is, God will take up residence in that heart and give increased understanding and blessing, both in this age and in the age to come. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1900.

25절) 있는 자는 더 받을 것이고 없는 자는 그 있는 것도 빼앗길 것이다. 본문은 물질에 대한 부분이 아니라 앞서 계속 강조한 예수님과 하나님 나라에 대한 앎을 이야기한다. 누구든지 예수님과 하나님 나라에 대한 바른 이해를 가진 사람들은 점점 더 많은 하나님의 은혜를 받게 될 것이지만 하나님 나라에 대해서 관심이 없는 사람들은 점점 더 그 은혜와 하나님의 복으로부터 멀어질 것이다. 
- This verse is both a promise and a warning about understanding the parables. Whoever acquires some understanding and wants more will receive more. Proper understanding will lead to accepting Jesus and entering the kingdom and to more and more blessings from God. Those who have no interest in parables and the kingdom about which they teach will soon find themselves further from it than before they ever heard about it. James A. Brooks, Mark, vol. 23, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 84.

- Parables are the language of faith. What is distinctive about faith, from Mark’s perspective, is indicated in the parable of the soils. Faith is welcoming the word, receiving it with joy, letting it take root, and above all else persevering in the face of adversity. It is not something that originates in us. Like Paul in Romans 10:17, Mark thinks of faith as originating with the Word of God. Insofar as faith involves hearing and acting, the parables are a way of communicating that is particularly suited to what Mark wants to communicate. Faith involves both hearing and acting, and Jesus’ parables are figures of speech that provoke a response. One kind of response leads to judgment, while another kind leads to more faith.
We might also think of parables in terms of the distinction that is sometimes drawn between objective and subjective faith. Objective faith refers to what we believe. The Apostles’ Creed, the Westminster Confession and the Barmen Declaration are examples of objective faith. Subjective faith, on the other hand, refers to how we believe; it is a matter of the affections and encompasses the elements of trust, personal commitment, perseverance and loyalty that we have in mind when we say that someone is a faithful person.
In the last 150 years a number of theological systems have been built upon either the objective or subjective aspect of faith. As Mark presents them, however, the parables of Jesus are a medium for faith in which the objective and subjective elements are treated as an indivisible whole. There is something objective that Jesus wants to talk about: the word or, more precisely, the word about the kingdom of God. But the people who hear the parables cannot understand what is being said unless they exercise the subjective elements of faith. From this point forward in the Gospel, Jesus does not put his teaching out so that it can be understood objectively. The word about the rule of God is not a matter for idle curiosity. To understand the gospel people must respond by welcoming, acting and persevering.

 Ronald J. Kernaghan, Mark, The IVP New Testament Commentary Series (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2007), 97–98.

오늘 본문속에서 드러나게 되는 등불은 예수님과 하나님 나라의 비밀인데 이것은 결국 드러나게 될 것이라는 것이다. 있는 자는 더 받고 없는 자는 있는 것도 빼앗기게 된다고 말씀하시는데 이는 앞서 씨뿌리는 비유와 연결된다. 말씀을 듣고 이를 받아들여 뿌리가 내려 열매를 맺기 위해서는 말씀을 듣고 이에 순종해서 행해야 한다. 이 과정은 즉석에서 일어나는 과정이 아니라 오랜 인내와 노력을 거쳐야 하는 것이다. 믿음은 나로부터 나오는 것이 아니라 들음을 통해서, 그리고 들은 그 말씀을 행하는 과정을 통해서 드러나게 되는데 이처럼 이를 행하는 사람은 더 큰 믿음의 자리로 나아가게 되는 것이며 반대로 듣지 않는자는 점점더 믿음의 자리와 멀어지게 되는 것이다. 앞서 예수님께서 많은 비유를 말씀하시지만 사람들이 이 모든 것을 이해하고 깨닫는 것은 아니었다. 결국 두 부류로 나뉘어 지는데 inside and outside로 나뉘어지게 된다. 예수님에 대한 믿음, 하나님나라의 가치관 안에 있는 자들은 더욱더 그분을 알기 위해서 나아온다. 제자들은 주님께 나아와 비유의 의미를 묻고 주님은 그 비유를 해석해 주신다. 우리 또한 더 깊은 깨달음 가운데 나아가기 위해서 주님앞에 나아와 물어야 한다. 이 성경의 말씀의 의미가 무엇이면 나를 둘러싼 상황가운데 하나님께서 원하시는 것이 무엇인지를 물을때 주님께서는 우리에게 말씀하시고 친히 가르치실 것이다. 


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