하나님나라를 꿈꾸며(Kingdom of God)

 13 jFollow kthe pattern of lthe sound4 words mthat you have heard from me, in nthe faith and love that are in Christ Jesus. 14 By the Holy Spirit owho dwells within us, guard ithe good deposit entrusted to you.

j [ch. 3:14; Titus 1:9; Rev. 3:3]

k [Rom. 2:20; 6:17]

l See 1 Tim. 1:10

4 Or healthy

m ch. 2:2

n 1 Tim. 1:14

o See Rom. 8:9

i [See ver. 12 above]

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), 딤후 1:12–14.

13 너는 그리스도 예수 안에 있는 믿음과 사랑으로써 내게 들은 바 2)바른 말을 본받아 지키고

14 우리 안에 거하시는 성령으로 말미암아 네게 부탁한 아름다운 것을 지키라

2) 헬, 건전한

 대한성서공회, 성경전서: 개역개정, 전자책. (서울시 서초구 남부순환로 2569: 대한성서공회, 1998), 딤후 1:13–14.

앞선 11-12절에서 바울은 자신이 복음을 위하여 고난을 받으나 이를 부끄러워하지 않는데 이는 자신이 주님을 알고 주님께서 자신에게 맡기신 것을 주님께서 능히 지키실 것을 확신하기 때문이라고 말했다. 이제 이어 13-14절에서 바울은 디모데를 향하여 복음 진리, 디모데에게 맡겨진 아름다운 것을 지킬 것을 당부하고 있다. 

 

13절) ‘본받아’에 해당하는 ‘휘포튀포신’은 한글 번역에서는 맨 뒤에 위치되지만 원문에서는 문장의 처음에 등장한다. 이는 딤전 1:16에 바울 자신이 긍휼을 입은 까닭을 설명하면서 사용한 단어로 원형은 ‘휘포투포시스’이다. 이는 ‘~아래에’를 의미하는 전치사 ‘휘포’와 ‘모형, 형상, 양식’을 의미하는 ‘티포스’의 합성어로 ‘표본, 본보기, 양식’이라는 의미를 지닌다. 신학자 거스리는 이를 ‘한 건물의 세부적인 설계도를 작성하기에 앞서 그려보는 것과 같은 대략적인 스케이’를 의미한다고 했고, 헨드릭슨은 ‘화가가 정물화나 인물화 등을 그릴 때 구도를 잡아 미리 그려놓는 밑그림’을 의미한다고 했다. 바울은 여기서 건축가나 화가가 그리는 밑그림처럼 자신이 디모데의 모범이 된다는 점을 주지시키면서 디모데로 하여금 이 밑그림을 따라 그릴 것을 명하고 있는 것이다. 결국 디모데가 바울의 어떤 면을 본받아야 하는 것인가? 이는 ‘내게 들을 바 바른 말’이다. 여기서 ‘바른’으로 번역된 ‘휘기아이논톤’은 일반적으로 ‘건전한’이라는 의미로 딤전 1:10; 6:3에서 사용되었다. 이는 하나님에 대한 신앙고백과 이에 기초한 삶의 윤리를 제시한 것으로 복음에 입각한 교훈을 가리킨다. 

이제 바울은 이 ‘바른 말’을 ‘그리스도 예수 안에 있는 믿음과 사랑으로써’ 본받아 지키라고 명하고 있다. 믿음과 사랑은 기독교의 가장 중요한 덕목인데 이는 그리스도 예수 안에서 존재할때 의미있는 것이다.  

-  1:13 In the preceding verses Paul’s emphasis was on not being ashamed and on an appeal for Timothy to join with Paul in suffering for the gospel. The reasons given were that God had accomplished a great salvation, which of itself should elicit such service (vv. 8b–12a), and that God was able to guard his suffering servants as he guarded Paul (v. 12).

Before dealing with Timothy’s responsibility to “guard” the content of the gospel, Paul first reminds him with imperative ἔχε of his responsibility to “keep” or “preserve” (BAGD s.v. I.1c β) that content himself. That which he is to “keep” is the ὑποτύπωσιν “of sound words that you have heard from me.” ὑποτύπωσιν** (also in 1 Tim. 1:16), placed first in the sentence for emphasis, is used here of the “standard” (BAGD; cf. also Ridderbos and Stott) that one must “keep” or “preserve,” indeed, as the following parallel imperative clause indicates, that one must “guard” as a good deposit.

The “standard” is defined by the appositional genitive construction, ὑγιαινόντων λόγων κτλ.: It consists of the “sound words” that (ὧν) Timothy has heard from Paul, i.e., the contents of the apostolic teaching. ὑγιαινόντων λόγων** (the phrase only here and in 1 Tim. 6:3 in the NT) are “sound words” in the sense of “correct,” i.e., “true” (on ὑγιαίνω see the comments on 1 Tim. 1:10). Paul speaks of himself as the source of the sound words because he understands himself, as an apostle, to be an appointed communicator of God’s message (see Gal. 1:11–12; cf. 2 Tim. 2:2 on the phrase παρʼ ἐμοῦ ἤκουσας**). Paul uses related but different terms to speak of himself as the communicator of a standard to be followed in his earlier letters (e.g., “tradition,” παράδοσις, 2 Thes. 2:15; 3:6; 1 Cor. 11:2).

Timothy is to keep the standard “with” or “in” (ἐν) “faith” and “love” that are found only in Christ. “ἐν πίστει κ.τ.λ. specifies the principles in which ὑποτύπ is to be held … the sphere and element” (Ellicott; cf. Bernard: faith and love form “the atmosphere in which the ‘sound words’ are to be preserved”). This construction virtually repeats the phrase used in 1 Tim. 1:14 (see the comments there). Timothy is to keep the standard while trusting God (ἐν πίστει) with the trust that is found only in relationship to Christ since it is found in Christ (τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ). Timothy is also to keep the standard while he lives a life of love (ἐν … ἀγάπῃ), especially love to others, a love that is found only in relationship to Christ because it is found in Christ (τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ). Paul is saying very plainly that the attitudes and actions of “faith” and “love” found in Christ are essential to one who is to preserve the apostolic standard.

BAGD W. Bauer, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, tr. W. F. Arndt and F. W. Gingrich. 2nd ed. rev. and augmented by F. W. Gingrich and F. W. Danker from Bauer’s 5th ed. (1958), Chicago, 1979.

BAGD W. Bauer, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, tr. W. F. Arndt and F. W. Gingrich. 2nd ed. rev. and augmented by F. W. Gingrich and F. W. Danker from Bauer’s 5th ed. (1958), Chicago, 1979.

 George W. Knight, The Pastoral Epistles: A Commentary on the Greek Text, New International Greek Testament Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI; Carlisle, England: W.B. Eerdmans; Paternoster Press, 1992), 380–381.

본문에서 ‘거하시는’으로 번역된 ‘에노이쿤토스’는 본래 ‘거주하다, 살다’라는 의미를 지닌 ‘에노이케오’의 현재 분사형으로 성령께서 계속적으로 바울과 디모데를 포함한 모든 그리스도인들 가운데 살아계시고 내주하신 다는 사실을 생생하게 드러낸다. 에노이케오는 “~안에”를 의미하는 전치사 ‘엔’과 ‘집, 가정’을 의미하는 ‘오이코스’의 합성어로 ‘거주하다, 살다’, ‘존재하거나 그 안에 위치하다’라는 의미로 사용되었다. 여기서 ‘말미암아’로 번역된 ‘디아’가 본래 ‘~을 통하여’라는 의미의 전치사이기에 오직 그리스도인들 가운데 거하시는, 내주하시는 성령을 통해서만이 ‘네게 부탁한 아름다운 것’을 지킬 수 있음을 강조하는 것이다. 우리가 복음 진리의 말씀을 지킬기 위해서는 오직 성령안에 거주하여야 한다는 것이다. 

-  1:14 Paul adds a second imperative and thus takes the exhortation a step further. That which Timothy is to “keep” or “preserve” (v. 13) he is now urged to “guard” (φυλάσσω,** also in v. 12 and 1 Tim. 6:20, which see), i.e., guard against it being lost or damaged (BAGD s.v. 1c), especially against false teachers and false teaching (see the context of 1 Tim. 6:20 and 2 Tim. 2:14ff., 25; 3:13–14; 4:3ff., 15). Since Timothy is the one commanded to guard the παραθήκην, “the deposit,” it is something entrusted to his care (cf. the parallel in 1 Tim. 6:20), i.e., “the standard of sound words that he heard” from Paul (cf. 2:2 with the cognate verb παράθου). The deposit is called “good” (καλήν) to give emphasis to its value and truthfulness (cf. 1 Tim. 1:8; 4:6; Rom. 7:16). τὴν καλὴν παραθήκην is placed first for emphasis.

This guarding is not to be done in Timothy’s own strength but διὰ πνεύματος ἁγίου τοῦ ἐνοικοῦντος ἐν ἡμῖν. διά here is used to indicate means and more particularly the personal agent (which is πνεύματος ἁγίου). Paul reminds Timothy again (v. 7) that he has the Holy Spirit dwelling (ἐνοικοῦντος; cf. v. 5 and especially Rom. 8:11) in him to enable him to carry out the ministry committed to him. Plural ἐν ἡμῖν, “in you,” emphasizes that the Holy Spirit is present in all Christians, and that, therefore, he, Paul, knows as a personal reality the truth about which he writes (cf. 1 Thes. 1:5). Paul can exhort Timothy to guard the good deposit because he knows that the Holy Spirit is indwelling Timothy and therefore will be the one through whom Timothy will be able to carry out the exhortation (cf. Phil. 2:12–13).

BAGD W. Bauer, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, tr. W. F. Arndt and F. W. Gingrich. 2nd ed. rev. and augmented by F. W. Gingrich and F. W. Danker from Bauer’s 5th ed. (1958), Chicago, 1979.

 George W. Knight, The Pastoral Epistles: A Commentary on the Greek Text, New International Greek Testament Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI; Carlisle, England: W.B. Eerdmans; Paternoster Press, 1992), 381–382.