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For jwhile we were still weak, at the right time kChrist died for the ungodly. For one will scarcely die for a righteous person—though perhaps for a good person one would dare even to die— but lGod shows his love for us in that mwhile we were still sinners, Christ died for us. Since, therefore, nwe have now been justified by his blood, much more shall we be saved by him from othe wrath of God. 10 For if pwhile we were enemies qwe were reconciled to God by the death of his Son, much more, now that we are reconciled, shall we be saved by rhis life. 11 More than that, we also rejoice in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom we have now received sreconciliation. 

The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2016), 롬 5:6–11.

본문 6-8절은 앞의 5절에서 말하는 하나님의 사랑이 무엇인지를 그체적으로 설명한다. 하나님께서 구체적으로 보여주신 사랑은 바로 희생적인 그리스도의 죽음이었다.

6절) 우리가 아직 연약할 때에 그리스도께서 경건하지 않은 자를 위하여 죽으셨다.
'한글 성경은 우리가 아직 연약할 때에 기약대로'라고 번역하고 있지만 원래 의미는 '우리가 아직 연약할 때에, 바로 그때에'로 번역하는 것이 옳다.
성경속에는 그 때에 대한 구절이 많이 등장합니다. 이 때는 역사의 흐름(청소)에 관해서 적절한 시기였을 뿐만 아니라 우리가 죄의 쇠사슬을 끊을 능력이 없다는 의미에서 적절한 때였습니다. 우리는 우리 자신을 도울수 없었습니다. 죄에 매여있고 하나님으로부터 영원히 분리될 운명에 있었기에 어떤 노력으로도 우리를 정죄로부터 자유롭게 할 수 없습니다. 그것이 우리에게 그리스도의 속죄의 죽음에 대한 적절한 때인 것입니다.
- Christ died for the ungodly “at just the right time” (Goodspeed has “at the decisive moment”). Paul wrote to the Galatians that God sent his Son “when the time had fully come” (Gal 4:4). Not only was it the right time in terms of the sweep of history but it was the right time in the sense that we were powerless to break the chains of sin.108 We were unable to help ourselves. Bound by sin and destined for an eternity apart from God, no amount of struggle could free us from condemnation. It was for us “the right time” for Christ’s atoning death.
Robert H. Mounce, Romans, vol. 27, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1995), 136.

본문에서 그리스도의 죽음은 우리라는 대상, 즉 그들은 연약하고 경건하지 않는 자들을 위해서 드려진 것이다. 경건치 않음, '아세베스'는 바른 종교적 믿음이나 실천없이 살아가는 상태를 말한다.
- Ungodly is a stronger term and refers to “living without regard to proper religious beliefs and practice” (Louw and Nida 1988:533). It appeared in a similar context in Romans 4:5 to describe those whom God “justifies,” the “wicked,” or ungodly. Here it is used to depict those for whom Christ died. The language of Christ “dying for” us is quite common (four times in 5:6–8; 14:15; Jn 11:50, 51; 1 Cor 15:3; 2 Cor 5:15) and connotes substitutionary atonement, describing Christ’s vicarious death “for” us or in place of us (see Harris 1978:1196–97, who states that hyper means both representation and substitution). Moreover, this sacrificial death of Christ occurred at just the right time, which could mean “at that very time when we were weak” (Käsemann 1980; Moo 1996) but more likely modifies “Christ died for the ungodly,” paralleling “when the time had fully come” in Galatians 4:4 and meaning the perfect time in history for God to carry out his plan of salvation (Barrett 1957; Cranfield 1975).
Grant R. Osborne, Romans, The IVP New Testament Commentary Series (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004), 133.

7-8절) 의인을 위하여 죽는 자가 거의 없고 선인을 위하여 용감히 죽는 자가 혹 있지만 하나님께서는 우리가 아직 죄인 되었을 때에 그리스도께서 우리를 위하여 주으심으로 우리에게 대한 자기의 사랑을 확증하셨습니다.
확증하다라는 단어는 '시니스테미'라는 단어로 보여주다, to demonstrate라는 의미이다.
우리가 누군가를 위하여 목숨을 바치는 것을 여간 여러운 일이 아니다. 혹 이런 일이 있기는 하지만 매우 드문 일이다. 그런데 의인도 아니고 선인도 아닌 우리들, 여전히 우리들이 죄인되었을때에 하나님께서는 당신의 아들을 십자가에 주심으로 당신의 사랑을 보여주신 것이다. 하나님은 바로 탕자의 아버지이시다. 하나님의 놀라운 사랑의 증거가 바로 십자가이다.
사랑은 다른 사람의 행복을 자발적으로 나보다 우위에 두는 것입니다. 이것은 단지 감정이 아니라 행동입니다. 바로 이 사랑은 이 세상에서 가장 강력한 힘입니다. 이는 인간 존재의 윤리적인 목표입니다. 하나님은 사랑이십니다. 그리고 그것은 모든 구속 역사가 움직이는 목표를 결정합니다.
- Love is the voluntary placing of the welfare of others ahead of one’s own. It is action, not sentiment. Love is the mightiest force in the world. It is the ethical goal of human existence. God is love (1 John 4:16), and that determines the goal toward which all redemptive history moves.
Robert H. Mounce, Romans, vol. 27, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1995), 137.

7절을 보면 의인보다는 선인을 위해서 죽을 수 있는 확률이 조금은 더 높은 것처럼 말한다. 여기서 의인은 의로운 행동을 한 사람으로 도덕적으로 본받고 존경할 만한 사람이지만 나와 개인적인 관계는 없는 사람이라면 선인은 나와 가까운 관계에 있는 사람으로 나에게 직접적으로 도움을 주는 대상을 말한다고 볼 수 있다. 하지만 중요한 것은 우리 주님은 이런 이들을 위해서가 아니라 경건치 않은 죄인들을 위하여 죽으심으로 그 사랑을 확증하셨다는 것이다.
8절에서 하나님께서는 우리를 사랑하실 뿐만 아니라 우리를 위해서 그분의 사랑을 확증하셨다. 우리가 누군가를 사랑하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 우리는 친구를, 자녀를 사랑한다. 하지만 자녀들은 부모의 사랑을 깨닫지 못한다. 그래서 사랑하는 관계에서도 그 사랑을 확증하는, 표현하는 과정이 필요하다. 한남자가 한 여자를 만나서 결혼에 이르기까지 그녀를 위해서 선물을 주거나, 꽃을 선물하거나 깜짝 이벤트를 하거나 서프라이징 이벤트를 통해서 자신의 사랑을 확증해야 한다. 지금 하나님께서 의인이나 선인, 친구들을 위해서가 아니라 여전히 죄인인 우리에게 당신의 사랑을 확증하신 것이다.
- This is especially seen in the fact that God not only loves us but demonstrates his own love for us, that is, has concretely “proven” this love in the greatest possible way (v. 8). This justly famous verse is the apex of biblical statements on divine love. Anyone who loves another person tries to give concrete proof of that love via certain actions, perhaps buying presents or flowers or surprising them with a romantic getaway. God proved the depths of his love in a way none of us would want to do, by giving his Son to die for us. Yet it is far more than that: he did so while we were still sinners, that is, when we were his enemies, godless sinners. This is the primary point Paul is making. Christ did not die for righteous people or for friends; he died for sinful human beings in all their degrading depravity, for those who “suppress the truth by their wickedness” (1:18) and do “not think it worthwhile to retain the knowledge of God” (1:28), who are “filled with every kind of wickedness, evil, greed and depravity” (1:29). Therefore we deserved to experience the wrath of God and eternal judgment, but Christ took our punishment upon himself and paid the penalty in our place, thereby procuring redemption on our behalf (3:21–26).
Grant R. Osborne, Romans, The IVP New Testament Commentary Series (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004), 134.

9-11절) 우리가 그의 피로 말미암아 의롭다하심을 받았고 더욱 그분으로 말미암아 하나님의 진노로부터 구원을 받게 될 것이다. 우리가 죄인되었을때에 우리가 그 아들의 죽음으로 인해 하나님과 화해하게 되었다면 더욱 지금 우리가 화목하게 된 자로서 우리는 그분의 사심으로 말미암아 구원을 받을 것이다. 저것 뿐만 아니라 우리에게 화목함을 주신 그 분, 우리 주 예수 그리스도로 말미암아 하나님 안에서 또한 즐거워한다.
화해는 개인적인 관계이다. 이는 하나님 편의 일방적인 행동이 아니다. 하나님은 당신의 아들의 한번의 죽음을 통해서 모든 사람들에게 용서를 주셨습니다. 그 용서가 믿음으로 받아들여질 때에만 간결하고 완전한 화해가 이루어집니다. 하나님의 역할은 끝났습니다. 우리의 역할은 이제 개인적인 결정의 문제입니다.
Reconciliation is a personal relationship; it cannot be a unilateral action on the part of God alone. He has provided forgiveness for all people through the once-for-all death of his Son. Only when that forgiveness is accepted by faith is the compact completed and reconciliation takes place. God’s part is finished; our part is a matter of individual decision.
Robert H. Mounce, Romans, vol. 27, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1995), 138.

예수님의 죽으심으로 우리가 하나님과 화목하게 되었고
화목하게된 우리가 예수님의 살아나심으로 구원을 받게 된다.
또한 이제 우리로 화목하게 하신 예수님으로 말미암아 하나님 안에서 즐거워한다.

본문을 보면 유대의 문학적 표현으로 '무거운 것으로부터 가벼운 것으로', 더 어려운 것에서 쉬운 것으로 나아가는 양태가 9, 10, 15, 17절에 등장한다. 여기서는 '그로 말미암아', '그뿐 아니라'로 표현된다. 하나님께서 불경건한 자를 의롭다 칭하셨는데 그분의 진노로부터 무죄하다라고 선언을 받은 이들을 구원하는 것은 더 쉬운 일인 것이다.
- Moreover, it is a present reality (now) and force in our lives. Paul’s point, however, is that since our justification is a fact, how much more (first in the Greek for emphasis) is it true that we are saved from God’s wrath through him! This uses a Jewish hermeneutical technique called “from the weightier to the lighter,” that is, from the more difficult to the less (Cranfield 1975; Moo 1996; Schreiner 1998; Dunn 1988a shows it is used four times—vv. 9, 10, 15, 17). Since God has done the more difficult, justified the ungodly, how much more can he achieve the easier, delivering those who have been declared innocent from his wrath.
Grant R. Osborne, Romans, The IVP New Testament Commentary Series (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004), 134–135.

본문에서 구원을 받을 것이다라는 표현은 '소조'라는 단어로 마지막 심판에 대한 하나님의 진노로부터 건짐을 받는 것을 의미한다.
- Saved in this context refers not to spiritual salvation but to being “delivered” from wrath, namely, God’s wrath at the last judgment (see 2:5, 8 on final wrath; 1:18; 3:5; 4:15; 9:22; 12:19 on present wrath). Moo (1996:310–11 n.) has a good summary, pointing out that Paul often uses this term “to depict the final deliverance of the Christian from the power of sin, the evils of this life, and especially judgment (e.g., 1 Cor. 3:15; 5:5; Phil. 2:12).” Paul pictures the Christian as having been saved, as looking forward to being saved, and even as in the process of being saved (cf. 2 Cor 2:15; 2 Thess 2:10).
Grant R. Osborne, Romans, The IVP New Testament Commentary Series (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004), 135.

10절에서 칭의라는 법정적 용어에서 화목이라는 개인, 관계적인 언어로 전환된다. 화목은 칭의의 자연적 결과이다. 예수님의 희생적인 죽음을 기초로 하나님께서 우리를 의롭다 칭하신 후에 하나님은 우리와 새로운 관계를 세우셨다. 본문에 사용된 화해, 화목이라는 표현은 헬레니즘 세계에서는 이것이 너무 개인적인 표현이기에 사용된 적이 업서었던 단어인데 바울은 이를 통해서 하나님의 칭의를 통해 새워진 새로운 개인적인 관계라는 의미로 사용한다. 여기에서 그의 아들의 죽음을 통해서 하나님과 원수되었던 이들이 의롭다 칭함을 받고 화목하게 된 것이다. 이 화목함의 관계는 두가지 방향으로 전개된다 하나는 죄로 인한 불신자들의 적대감이고 또하나는 죄에 대한 그분의 심판으로 인한 하나님의 적대감이다. 하지만 예수님의 죽음을 결과로 이 두 적대감은 제거되었고 새로운 관계가 세워진 것이다. 이처럼 발생하기 어려운 것이 이루어진 것이기에 그분의 살으심으로 말미암아 화목하게 된자를 구원에 이르게 하시는 일은 비교적 쉬운 일이 되는 것이다.
- The following verse (v. 10) repeats the argument from a different perspective. Here the death of his Son has resulted in our being reconciled to him. Reconciliation is the natural result of justification. After God has declared us righteous on the basis of Christ’s sacrificial death, he establishes a new relationship with us. The language moves from the legal to the personal. Cranfield (1975:267) says reconciliation language was never used in the religious language of the Hellenistic world because it was too deeply personal, but Paul (Rom 5:10, 11; 11:15; 2 Cor 5:18–20) uses it to show the new personal relationship established by God’s justification. Here those who are God’s enemies have been both justified and reconciled … through the death of his Son. That is the thrust of being reconciled, to bring enemies into proper relationship with each other. Note the two directions—hostility from the unbeliever due to sin and hostility from God due to his judgment on sin. But as a result of Christ’s death, that hostility has been removed from both sides, and a new relationship has ensued. So if this exceedingly difficult thing has taken place, how much easier it is for God to have saved us through his life. As in verse 9, saved must mean deliverance from his final wrath. But what does through his life connote? Most likely it refers to his resurrection as the means of reconciliation (cf. 4:25; 8:34). Christ’s death and resurrection are a single event in salvation history and together constitute the basis of our salvation (see on 4:25).
Grant R. Osborne, Romans, The IVP New Testament Commentary Series (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004), 135.

11절에서 그리스도를 통해서 하나님께서 우리에게 행하신 일을 우리가 깨닫고 이를 누릴때의 반응은 바로 기뻐하고 즐거워하는 것이다. 바울은 여기서 하나님께서는 우리를 하나님의 매래의 심판으로부터 구원하실 뿐만 아니라(9-10) 우리에게 현재적인 화목함의 기쁨을 주신다라고 말하고 있다. 우리는 미래의 소망과 현재의 구원을 동시에 가진다. 기쁨은 무엇인가? 이 기쁨은 바로 하나님 안에 거하는 것이다. 그리고 이 상태에서 우리가 행할 수 있는 최고의 행동은 바로 예배하는 것이다. 이 예배는 계속되는 우리의 행위이다. 그리스도인의 삶은 하나님 중심적이다. 십자가위에서 예수님의 죽으심이 이것을 가능하게 하신다. 하나님은 우리에게 구원을 수십니다. 그리고 우리는 그분으로부터 새로운 관계, 화목을 받게 됩니다. 

본문에서 하나님의 사랑이 부은바 되어진 가장 결정적인 모델이 바로 그리스도의 십자가이다. 경건하지 않은 우리들을 위하여 죽으신 그분의 희생으로 하나님께서 우리를 얼마나 사랑하시는지가 극명하게 선포되고 확증된 것이다. 
이제 우리는 의롭다 칭함을 받았으므로 그분의 진노하심에서 구원을 받을 것이다. 왜냐하면 만약 우리가 원수되었을 때에 예수님의 죽으심으로 말미암아 하나님과 화목하게 되었다면 지금 우리가 화목된 상태이기에 더욱 우리는 그의 살아나심으로 말미암아 구원을 받을 것이다. 9절과 10절을 잘 보면 그 문장구조가 유사하다. 이렇게 구원을 받은 우리들은 그 주님을 통해서 하나님 안에서 즐거워한다. 



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Justified by Faith
15 We ourselves are Jews by birth and not mGentile sinners; 16 yet we know that na person is not justified2 by works of the law obut through faith in Jesus Christ, so we also have believed in Christ Jesus, in order to be justified by faith in Christ and not by works of the law, pbecause by works of the law no one will be justified.
17 But if, in our endeavor to be justified in Christ, we too were found qto be sinners, is Christ then a servant of sin? Certainly not! 18 For if I rebuild what I tore down, I prove myself to be a transgressor. 19 For through the law I rdied to the law, so that I might slive to God. 20 I have been tcrucified with Christ. It is no longer I who live, but Christ who lives uin me. And the life I now live in the flesh I live by faith in the Son of God, vwho loved me and wgave himself for me. 21 I do not nullify the grace of God, for xif righteousness3 were through the law, ythen Christ died for no purpose.

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2016), 갈 2:15–21.

본문이 이신칭의, 갈라디아서에서 바울이 가장 강조하기 원하는 부분이다. 그것은 바로 구원, 하나님에 받아들여지는 것은 다른 어떤 것이 아니라 예수 그리스도를 믿는 단순한 행동을 통해서 영향을 받는다. 유대 그리스도인들은 율법의 행위를 통해서, 공로를 통해서 구원받는 것을 강조했다. 하지만 바울은 지금 안디옥의 그리스도인들을 향해서, 또한 베드로를 향해서 믿음으로 의롭게 되어진다라는 사실을 힘주어 선포하고 있는 것이다. 
We should remember that the problem in Galatia was not the overt repudiation of the Christian faith by apostates who formerly professed it but rather the dilution and corruption of the gospel by those who wanted to add to the doctrine of grace a dangerous admixture of “something more.” In order to counter this tendency, Paul developed a series of daring contrasts throughout this passage.169 Thus “Jews by birth” are contrasted to “Gentile sinners”; justification “by observing the law” is contrasted to justification “by faith in Jesus Christ.” The rebuilding of the old structures of salvation by works is contrasted to their destruction by the gospel. And, finally, Paul’s “dying to the law” is contrasted to his “living for God.” All of this was intended to impress upon the Galatians the radical choice that confronted them. This is the reason Paul immediately, without so much as a break in his narrative, extrapolated the doctrine of justification from the incident at Antioch.
169 D. B. Bronson, “Paul, Galatians and Jerusalem,” JAAR 35 (1967): 119–28.
 Timothy George, Galatians, vol. 30, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1994), 188.

15-16절) 우리 자신들은 이방 죄인들이 아니라 날때 부터 유대인들이다. 우리는 사람이 율법의 행위가 아니라 예수 그리스도를 믿음을 통해서 의롭다 칭함을 받는 다는 것을 안다. 그래서 우리는 율법의 행위가 아니라 그리스도를 믿음을 통한 칭의를 받기 위해서 예수 그리스도를 믿는다. 왜냐하면 율법의 행위로는 그 누구도 의롭다 함을 얻지 못하기 때문이다. 

유대인들은 자신들이 하나님의 율법과 구약 성경 또한 언약의 징표로서 할례를 받았다는 사실을 특권으로 여겼다. 그래서 이방인들은 기본적으로 죄인으로 여겼다.
“Justified” means “counted righteous” or “declared righteous” by God (see ESV footnote). If people were sinless and perfectly obeyed all of God’s perfect moral standards, they could be justified or “declared righteous” on the basis of their own merits. But Paul says that this is impossible for any Gentile or even for any Jew to do (cf. Romans 1–2). we know that a person is not justified by works of the law. Paul saw that Christ had taught justification by faith, and so he called God the one “who justifies the ungodly” (Rom. 4:5). Paul will soon show that this view was taught even in the OT (see Gal. 3:6–18), though it was not the view of most of first-century Judaism. (For example, a 1st-century-b.c. Jewish writing states, “The one who does righteousness stores up life for himself with the Lord, and the one who does wickedness is the cause of the destruction of his own soul” [Psalms of Solomon 9.5]). In Gal. 2:16, “works of the law” means not only circumcision, food laws, and Sabbath, but any human effort to be justified by God by obeying a moral law. faith in Jesus Christ. Some contend that the Greek means the “faithfulness of Jesus Christ.” But “faith in Jesus Christ” seems much more likely since “faith in Jesus Christ” is synonymous with the next phrase, “we also have believed in Christ Jesus.” “But through faith in Jesus Christ” is the opposite of depending on one’s own good deeds for justification, since justification comes through faith in Christ alone. We also have believed in Christ Jesus, in order to be justified by faith in Christ implies that justification is the result of saving faith. The contrast and not by works of the law shows clearly that no human effort or merit can be added to faith as a basis for justification. (This verse was frequently appealed to in the Reformation by Protestants who insisted on “justification by faith alone” as opposed to the Roman Catholic doctrine of justification by faith plus merit gained through the “means of grace” administered by means of the Roman Catholic sacraments such as penance and the Mass.) Paul concludes decisively: by works of the law no one will be justified (cf. 3:10–14; Acts 13:39; Heb. 10:1–14). On justification, see also notes on Rom. 4:25; Phil. 3:9; James 2:21.
ESV English Standard Version
 Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2248.

Given all these wonderful benefits of “life under the law,” why should Jewish Christians have moved beyond the law to faith in Jesus Christ? Obviously they should have because there was a fundamental disjunction between the best that could be obtained by observing the law and the gift of salvation freely offered through Jesus Christ. This is the point Paul was making in Gal 2:15–16. We can paraphrase his argument thus: “Forget the Gentile sinners. We know they are outside the covenant and hopeless before God. But even we Jews who could claim all the privileges of the chosen people, even we had to realize that no one could be justified by observing the law. We too, no less than the Gentiles, have been accepted by God through faith in Jesus Christ.”
What Paul came to realize in coming to faith in Christ was not so much God’s judgment against his wickedness, for that was a standard assumption of rabbinic Judaism, but rather God’s indictment of Paul’s goodness. For this reason he considered as garbage that which he formerly counted as the most precious cargo of life. That which was dearest and most precious to him, he came to realize, could not produce a right standing before God.

 Timothy George, Galatians, vol. 30, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1994), 189–190.

"율법의 행위로 의롭다 함을 얻을 육체가 없다.” 육체는 인간의 실존을 나타내는 표현이다. 하지만 육체 자체가 악한 것은 아니다. 왜냐하면 하나님께서 그 육체를 창조하셨기 때문이다. 하지만 죄의 결과로 우리의 본성이 악해졌고 죽음을 경험하게 된다. 

1) Justification. In its most basic meaning, justification is the declaration that somebody is in the right.177 A. E. McGrath observes that in Pauline vocabulary the verb dikaioō “denotes God’s powerful, cosmic and universal action in effecting a change in the situation between sinful humanity and God, by which God is able to acquit and vindicate believers, setting them in a right and faithful relation to himself.”178 In Pauline usage the term has both forensic (from Latin forum, “law court”) and eschatological connotations. Justification should not be confused with forgiveness, which is the fruit of justification, nor with atonement, which is the basis of justification. Rather it is the favorable verdict of God, the righteous Judge, that one who formerly stood condemned has now been granted a new status at the bar of divine justice.
177 I have borrowed this definition from the fine essay by N. T. Wright, “Justification: The Biblical Basis and Its Relevance for Contemporary Evangelicalism,” in The Great Acquittal: Justification by Faith and Current Christian Thought, ed. T. Baker et al. (London: Collins).
178 DPL, 518.
 Timothy George, Galatians, vol. 30, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1994), 191–192.

2) The works of the law. Galatians 2:16 is a stylistically convoluted verse because Paul repeated himself. Within the space of one sentence he said the same thing in three slightly different ways: We (Jewish Christians) know that a person is not justified by observing the law … for this reason even we have trusted in Christ in order that we could be justified by faith rather than by the works of the law … since (as the psalmist said) no human being can be justified by the works of the law. What did Paul mean by “the works of the law”?
The word “law” (nomos) is found 119 times in Paul’s letters, where it means variously the Old Testament Scriptures, the will of God, or a general principle or authority (cf. Rom 7:21). However, the law in Paul usually refers to “the sum of specific divine requirements given to Israel through Moses.”182 Paul claimed that the law is holy and righteous containing, as it does, the precepts of a holy and righteous God (Rom 7:12–14). However, the entire burden of Paul’s argument in Galatians was to show that the nature of the law is such that it cannot produce a right standing before God. As Paul showed in Gal 3, the law was given by God in order to play a special role in the divine economy of salvation, namely, to lead us to Christ, who is the “end [telos] of the law” (Rom 10:4). We must postpone until later a discussion of what continuing role, if any, the law has in the life of the believer. Concerning the text before us, three major interpretations have been put forth about what Paul meant here by “the works of the law.”
극단적인 율법주의에 대한 경고, 
182 S. Westerholm, Israel’s Law and the Church’s Faith: Paul and His Recent Interpreters (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1988), 108.
 Timothy George, Galatians, vol. 30, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1994), 193–194.

3) Faith in Christ. This expression is a good example of the relationship between grammar and theology in the proper exegesis of a New Testament text. Paul said that we are not justified by works of the law but rather dia pisteōs Iēsou Christou, which the NIV translates “by faith in Jesus Christ.” This translation assumes the traditional view that Iēsou Christou is an objective genitive, so that the faith in question is that of those who believe in Jesus Christ. More recently, however, other scholars have argued that this expression should be read as a subjective genitive, referring to the faith or faithfulness of Jesus Christ.187 While the faithfulness of Jesus Christ is a prominent theme in Paul’s theology (cf. the kenotic hymn of Phil 2:5–11), what is being contrasted in Galatians is not divine fidelity versus human fickleness but rather God’s free initiative in grace versus human efforts toward self-salvation. Thus when Paul spoke of faith as essential for justification, he was thinking of the necessary human response to what God has objectively accomplished in the cross of Christ. At the same time, it is crucial to recognize the instrumental character of such faith. Paul always says that we are justified “by” faith (dia plus the genitive), not “on account of” faith (dia plus the accusative).188 Evangelical Christians must ever guard against the temptation to turn faith itself into one of the “works of the law.” Saving faith is a radical gift from God, never a mere human possibility (Eph 2:8–9). Faith is not an achievement that earns salvation anymore than circumcision is. Rather faith is the evidence of saving grace manifested in the renewal of the heart by the Holy Spirit.
187 The extensive literature on this hotly debated topic is summarized in Longenecker, Galatians, 87–88, who himself opts for the subjective alternative. Among other advocates of this view are E. Fuchs, “Jesu und der Glaube,” ZTK 55 (1958): 170–85; G. E. Howard, “On the ‘Faith of Christ,’ ” HTR (1967): 459–65; and especially R. B. Hays, The Faith of Jesus Christ: An Investigation of the Narrative Substructure of Galatians 3:1–4:11 (Chico, Cal.: Scholars Press, 1983), 139–224. The traditional view has been restated by E. deW. Burton (A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistle to the Galatians, ICC [Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1921], 121); Betz (Galatians, 118). See also comments by Westerholm, Israel’s Law, 111–12.
188 See the discussion of faith in R. Bultmann, Theology of the New Testament (New York: Scribners, 1951), 314–30.
 Timothy George, Galatians, vol. 30, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1994), 195–196.
이 그리스도를 믿는 믿음이 어떤 것이냐는 논란이 있다. 복음주의 그리스도인들은 믿음 자체가 율법의 행위중의 하나가 되지 않도록 주의해야 한다. 구원하는 믿음은 하나님이 주신 아주 극적인 선물로 인간의 가능성은 완전히 배제한다. 

본문 16절에서 거듭 강조하는 칭의, 율법의 행위, 그리스도를 믿음은 그 자체로 매우 중요한 신학적 표현들이다. 칭의는 법정적인 선포이다. 죄인의 노력으로 자신의 죄를 용서받은 것이 아니라 그리스도를 믿음을 통한 대속이 우리를 구원한 것이다. 
16절은 같은 내용을 세번에 걸쳐서 반복한다. 첫번째는 사람이 어떻게 의롭게 되는지, 율법의 행위가 아니라 예수 그리스도를 믿음으로 되는 줄을 안다. 두번째 그래서 우리가 그리스도 예수를 믿는다. 마지막으로 세번째 율법의 행위로 의롭다 함을 육체가 없다고 선포한다. 



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