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25 whom God jput forward as ka propitiation lby his blood, to be received by faith. This was to show God’s righteousness, because in mhis divine forbearance he had passed over nformer sins. 26 It was to show his righteousness at the present time, so that he might be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus. 
The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2016), 롬 3:25–26.

25절) 하나님께서 예수를 그의 피로 믿음으로 말미암는 화목제물로 세우셨습니다. 이는 하나님의 의로우심을 나나태는 것입니다. 왜냐하면 하나님의 길이 참으심으로 이전의 죄를 간과하셨기 때문입니다.
본문에서 믿음으로를 어떻게 해석하느냐가 다양하다.
(롬 3:25, 개정) 『이 예수를 하나님이 그의 피로써 믿음으로 말미암는 화목제물로 세우셨으니 이는 하나님께서 길이 참으시는 중에 전에 지은 죄를 간과하심으로 자기의 의로우심을 나타내려 하심이니』
(롬 3:25, 개역) 『이 예수를 하나님이 그의 피로 인하여 믿음으로 말미암는 화목제물로 세우셨으니 이는 하나님께서 길이 참으시는 중에 전에 지은 죄를 간과하심으로 자기의 의로우심을 나타내려 하심이니』
(롬 3:25, 새번역) 『하나님께서는 이 예수를 속죄제물로 내주셨습니다. 그것은 그의 피를 믿을 때에 유효합니다. 하나님께서 이렇게 하신 것은, 사람들이 이제까지 지은 죄를 너그럽게 보아주심으로써 자기의 의를 나타내시려는 것이었습니다.』
(롬 3:25, 바른) 『하나님께서 이 예수님을 그분의 피를 믿음으로 말미암는 속죄 제물로 세우셨으니, 이는 하나님께서 오래 참으시며 이전에 지은 죄를 간과하시어 자신의 의를 나타내시려는 것이다.』
(롬 3:25, 쉬운) 『하나님께서 예수님을 화목 제물로 내어 주셨으며, 누구든지 예수님의 피를 믿음으로 죄를 용서받게 됩니다. 하나님은 이전에 살았던 사람들이 지은 죄에 대해 오래 참으심으로 심판하지 않으셨습니다. 이렇게 하여 하나님께서는 그분의 의로우심을 보이셨습니다.』
(Rm 3:25, NIV11) 『God presented Christ as a sacrifice of atonement,* through the shedding of his blood - to be received by faith. He did this to demonstrate his righteousness, because in his forbearance he had left the sins committed beforehand unpunished - / *The Greek for sacrifice of atonement refers to the atonement cover on the ark of the covenant (see Lev. 16:15,16).』
(Rm 3:25, ESV) 『whom God put forward as a propitiation by his blood, to be received by faith. This was to show God's righteousness, because in his divine forbearance he had passed over former sins.』
(롬 3:25, NASB) 『whom God displayed publicly as a propitiation in His blood through faith. This was to demonstrate His righteousness, because in the forbearance of God He passed over the sins previously committed;』
(Rm 3:25, NLT) 『For God presented Jesus as the sacrifice for sin. People are made right with God when they believe that Jesus sacrificed his life, shedding his blood. This sacrifice shows that God was being fair when he held back and did not punish those who sinned in times past,』
(롬 3:25, KJV) 『Whom God hath set forth to be a propitiation through faith in his blood, to declare his righteousness for the remission of sins that are past, through the forbearance of God;』

하나님의 거룩하심은 죄인을 사하심에 있어서 타협하지 않으신다. 그래서 예수의 피는 하나님의 진노를 화해시키거나 충족시키킨다. 본문속에서 화목제물로 번역된 단어는 propitiation으로 타셥, 화해, 중재를 의미한다. 그래서 어떤 학자들은 이 단어보다 expiation로 번역해야 한다고 주장한다. 이는 죄를 씻어냄이라는 의미이다. 하지만 본문의 화목제물은 단지 죄를 씻어내는 것의 의미 뿐만 아니라 하나님의 진노를 잠재우고 충족시키는 것으로도 해석할 수 있다. 하나님의 의로운 분노는 죄를 사하기 전에 반드시 화해, 해결되어야 한다. 그래서 하나님께서는 당신의 사랑하시는 아들을 보내심으로 죄룰 거부하는 하나님의 거룩한 분노를 충족시키신 것이다. 이것으로 하나님의 의로우심을 드러내신 것이다. 그런데 이 과정에서 의로우신 하나님이 이전 죄를 간과하실 수 있느냐는 질문이 제기된다. 다른 말로 하면 완전히 거룩하신 하나님이 어떻게 즉각적으로 인간을 심판하지 않으시고 참으시는가 말이다. 바울의 대답은 바로 하나님께서 십자가의 예수를 바라보셨다는 것이다. 십자가에서 예수는 죄인들을 위하여 죽으셨고 죄가 만들어내는 죄책에 대해서 완전한 지불을 하셨다.
이 십가가는 바로 하나님의 공의와 사랑이 만나는 지점이다. 죄로 죽을 수 밖에 없는 우리들을 길이 참으신 것은 바로 예수의 십자가 때문이었다.
- Jesus’ blood “propitiated” or satisfied God’s wrath (1:18), so that his holiness was not compromised in forgiving sinners. Some scholars have argued that the word propitiation should be translated expiation (the wiping away of sin), but the word cannot be restricted to the wiping away of sins as it also refers to the satisfaction or appeasement of God’s wrath, turning it to favor (cf. note on John 18:11). God’s righteous anger needed to be appeased before sin could be forgiven, and God in his love sent his Son (who offered himself willingly) to satisfy God’s holy anger against sin. In this way God demonstrated his righteousness, which here refers particularly to his holiness and justice. God’s justice was called into question because in his patience he had overlooked former sins. In other words, how could God as the utterly Holy One tolerate human sin without inflicting full punishment on human beings immediately? Paul’s answer is that God looked forward to the cross of Christ where the full payment for the guilt of sin would be made, where Christ would die in the place of sinners. In the OT, propitiation (or the complete satisfaction of the wrath of God) is symbolically foreshadowed in several incidents: e.g., Ex. 32:11–14; Num. 25:8, 11; Josh. 7:25–26.
Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2163.

- At the heart of the discussion is whether the term means “propitiation” (an appeasing of wrath) or   p 117  “expiation” (a covering for sin).17
Some scholars feel that since the appeasing of divine wrath is a pagan concept, it would not be appropriate to apply it to the God of the Judeo-Christian faith. Morris, a major proponent of the view that propitiation is the correct understanding, presents two major reasons for rejecting the arguments of those with that position: (1) the meaning of the word (“the removal of wrath”) and (2) the context (1:18–3:20) show that all are sinners and under the wrath of God. And if the term does not mean the removal of wrath, everyone is still under it.18 If the idea of the wrath of God does not necessarily carry with it any of the negative connotations of human anger, there should be no particular reason why the appeasing of divine wrath cannot be understood in the same way.
Although the term “propitiation” may not be the best translation, the Greek term is best understood as the placating of God’s wrath against sin.19 Thus Jesus Christ is the one set forth20 by God as a propitiatory sacrifice to be received through faith. That sacrifice involved the death of his Son.   p 118  Grammatically, “in his blood” may go with “sacrifice of atonement” or may complete the phrase “through faith.” Although the former probably is correct, in either case the meaning of the verse remains essentially the same.
Robert H. Mounce, Romans, vol. 27, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1995), 116–118.

본문의 화목제물은 '힐라스테리온'으로 속죄소, 시은좌를 말한다. 이것은 법궤를 덥는 뚜껑으로 지성소 안에 있는 것이다. 바로 이곳에서 대속죄일에 하나님께서 인간들의 죄를 속하셨다. 바로 십자가 위해서 주님께서 이 일을 이루신 것이다.
- Greek hilastērion, which refers to the “atonement cover” in Heb 9:5 and most of its occurrences in the Greek OT. This “atonement cover” was a plate that covered the ark of the covenant law in the inner sanctuary (the Most Holy Place) of the OT tabernacle. It figures prominently in the Day of Atonement ritual (Lev 16:2, 13–15) and came to signify the place where God deals with his people’s sins. Christ, on the cross, is now the final and definitive “place” where God deals with the sins of his people. As in the OT ritual, Christ’s sacrifice is propitiatory; i.e., it functions, among other things, to satisfy God’s wrath against sin (1:18; 2:5; 1 John 2:2).
Douglas J. Moo, “The Letters and Revelation,” in NIV Zondervan Study Bible: Built on the Truth of Scripture and Centered on the Gospel Message, ed. D. A. Carson (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2015), 2297.

본문의 세우셨다라는 표현은 제공하다. 공개적으로 나타내다, 계획하다라는 의미이다. 또한 그의  피는 바로 예수님의 희생적인 죽음을 의미한다.
- “God offered Christ so that he would become the one by whom men’s sins are forgiven. Christ would do this by his death. By people’s faith in Christ they would experience forgiveness,” or “God offered Christ so that because Christ died he would cause men to have their sins forgiven; they would have their sins forgiven because they had faith in Christ.”
Barclay Moon Newman and Eugene Albert Nida, A Handbook on Paul’s Letter to the Romans, UBS Handbook Series (New York: United Bible Societies, 1973), 68.

26절) 이는 그분의 의로움을 지금 나타내려는 것입니다. 그래서 그분이 의로우시며 또한 예수를 믿는 자를 의롭다라고 하시는 분이심을 보여주려 하십니다.
예수의 희생 적 죽음, 십자가 사건을 통해서 하나님께서는 자신이 거룩하심, 의로우심을 타나내시고 동시에 예수를 믿는 죄인들 또한 의롭다고 하셨다. 십자가 위에서 하나님의 의와 인간의 의가 동일하게 성취된 것이다.
25절과 26절은 연결선 상에서 봐야 한다. 전에 지은 죄에 대해서는 간과하심으로 의로우심을 나타내셨고 이제는 십자가에서 그분의 의로우심을 나타내신 것이다.
- The redemptive work of God through his Son Christ Jesus is the most amazing event in the history of the universe. Never would such a plan have risen in the human mind. God brings a just sentence of death upon all, for all have sinned. He then provides a sinless sacrifice, his only Son, to atone for the unrighteousness of the wayward human race. From God’s standpoint forgiveness is freely offered. All that remains is for people to accept that forgiveness. The obligation is to believe, to trust in the redemptive work of Christ. The good news is good only to those who receive it. God offers his righteousness to those who will receive it, not as something to supplement their own good works but as a gift that alone can place them in a right standing with God.
Robert H. Mounce, Romans, vol. 27, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1995), 118.


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