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20 O Timothy, guard the deposit entrusted to you. kAvoid the lirreverent babble and contradictions of what is falsely called “knowledge,” 21 for by professing it some have swerved from the faith.
mGrace be with you.5
k 2 Tim. 3:5; [Col. 2:8; 2 Tim. 4:4; Titus 1:14]
l 2 Tim. 2:16
m See Col. 4:18
5 The Greek for you is plural
 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), 딤전 6:20–21.
 
20 디모데야 망령되고 헛된 말과 거짓된 지식의 반론을 피함으로 네게 부탁한 것을 지키라
21 이것을 따르는 사람들이 있어 믿음에서 벗어났느니라 은혜가 너희와 함께 있을지어다
 대한성서공회, 성경전서: 개역개정, 전자책. (서울시 서초구 남부순환로 2569: 대한성서공회, 1998), 딤전 6:20–21.
 
이제 디모데전서의 마지막 부분으로 바울이 디모데를 향해 인사말을 하며 끝맺고 있다. 이는 마지막 당부와 축도의 형태를 나타낸다. 
 
20절) 본 절의 시작은 디모데의 이름을 부르는 것이다. 이는 디모데전서가 디모데를 위해서 쓰여졌다는 사실을 다시한번 확인하면서 그를 향한 바울의 사랑과 관심, 친근함의 표현이다. 이러한 애정어린 호칭이후에 바울은 다시금 디모데로 하여금 자신이 부탁했던 것을 지킬 것을 명령하고 있다. 
 
‘네게 부탁한 것을 지키라’, ‘네게 부탁한’으로 번역된 ‘파라데켄’의 원형 ‘파라데케’는 ‘~에게서’란 의미의 전치사 ‘파라’와 ‘주다’라는 의미의 동사 ‘티데미’의 합성어로 ‘넘기다, 양도하다’라는 의미의 동사 ‘파라티데미’에서 파생된 명사로 영어로는 ‘위탁물(deposit)’로 번역되었다. 이는 일반적으로 법정에서 사용되는 전문용어로 ‘안전을 위해서 다른 사람에게 맡겨 놓은 돈이나 귀중품’을 의미한다. 이렇게 위탁물의 보관을 맡은 사람은 맡겨진 것을 무단으로 처분하거나 훼손시켜서는 안된다. 그러면 손해배상을 해야 한다. 그렇다면 여기서 바울이 디모데에게 맡긴 것은 무엇인가? 이는 바울이 디모데에게 가르친 건전한 복음 교리와 교훈이다. 디모데나 우리에게 맡겨진 것도 마찬가지이다. 우리에게 맡겨진 이 복음의 진리는 우리의 것이 아니라 하나님의 것이며 우리는 선한 청지기로서 이것을 맡아 지키고 보존하고 전파해야한다. 이를 마음대로 변경하거나 훼손시키고 여기에 무언가를 추가하여 불순하게 혹은 희석시키는 것은 올바른 자세가 아니다. 이러한 귀한 가르침은 거짓 가르침, 헛된 말과 거짓된 지식의 반론이 무성한 가운데 목회하는 디모데로 하여금 바른 목회를 해나가는데 큰 영향을 끼쳤을 것이다. 
 
‘망령되고 헛된 말과 거짓된 지식의 반론’, ‘망령되고 헛된 말’은 ‘베벨루스 케노포니아스’이다. ‘베벨루스’는 ‘망령된, 모독적인, 세속적인, 불경한’의 의미로 특별히 어떤 것의 거룩한 특징을 침해하는 태도를 의미한다. ‘헛된 말’은 ‘케노포니아스’로 ‘빈, 헛된, 공허한’을 의미하는 ‘케노스’와 ‘소리, 음성’을 의미하는 ‘포네’의 합성어로 ‘케노포니아’는 ‘잡담, 쓸데없는 말’로 교훈적 가치가 없는 쓸데없는 말을 의미한다. 
‘지식’으로 번역된 ‘그노세오스’의 원형 ‘그노시스’는 ‘지식, 앎’을 의미하는 표현으로 ‘알다, 깨닫다’라는 동사 ‘기노스코’의 명사형이다. ‘반론’으로 번역된 ‘안티데세이스’의 원형 ‘안티데시스’는 반대를 뜻하는 접두어 ‘안티’와 ‘두다, 놓다’를 의미하는 동사 ‘티데미’의 합성어로 반대에 두는 것으로 ‘반론, 반박’을 의미한다. 혹자들은 본절에서 말하는 헛된 말과 거짓된 지식의 반론을 마르시온의 영지주의 사상이라고 이해한다. 하지만 이 마르시온의 영지주의는 2세기 중반이기에 본서가 기록된 1세기와는 시차가 발생한다. 결국 당시에 누구인지는 특정할 수 없지만 교회안에 거짓된 가르침으로 교회를 혼란하게 하는 이들이 많이 있었고 이러한 잘못된 교훈을 피하고 온전한 복음의 진리를 지키고 가르치는 것이 중요한 역할이었던 것이다. 
 
6:20 , an emotional interjection, is used here to add solemnity and urgency to his personal address to Timothy. Τιμόθεε, a vocative, is used to directly address his associate by name (cf. 1:18). The only other occurrences of Timothy’s name in the PE* are in the opening salutations (1:2; 2 Tim. 1:2).
Timothy is to “guard” τὴν παραθήκην** (also in 2 Tim. 1:12, 14), “that which has been entrusted,” “the deposit.” This “deposit” has been identified with Timothy’s own spiritual life, with his calling to the ministry, and with the apostolic teaching. Something like the first of these three views is probably demanded by the context in 2 Tim. 1:12. But the last seems to be demanded by the context here and in 2 Tim. 1:14, where “the deposit” is apparently the same as “the standard of sound words that you heard from me” (v. 13) and as the words heard from Paul that Timothy is later asked to “entrust” (the cognate verb παρατίθημι) to others (2:2, which thus combines the concepts used separately in 1:13 and 1:14). Here “the deposit” that Timothy is to guard is set in opposition to false teaching and is most likely, therefore, the Christian faith itself.
This combination of verb and noun, τὴν παραθήκην φυλάσσω, “guard the deposit,” was commonly known and is seen in all three occurrences of the noun in the NT (here and 2 Tim. 1:12, 14; cf. παράδοσις in 1 Cor. 11:2; 2 Thes. 2:15; 3:6). It was used in the ancient world of the high obligation of having in trust another person’s treasured possession, of keeping it safe, and of returning it as it was (e.g., Lv. 6:2, 4: LXX παραθήκη; cf. also Tobit 10:13; 2 Maccabees 3:15; for the Greco-Roman world see Barclay, “Paul’s Certainties VII”; Spicq, “Saint Paul et la loi des dépôts”). Paul places Timothy under such a trust with regard to the gospel and its teachings (cf. 2 Tim. 4:7: “I have kept the faith”).
Paul joins to the preceding positive command the necessary negative correlative, here expressed in a participial clause used in an imperatival sense (cf. Rom. 12:9, 16; cf. Brooks-Winbery, Syntax, 137f.). ἐκτρέπομαι, “avoid,” is used in the NT in the passive form with a middle sense. What is to be “avoided” is designated first as “chatter” or “empty talk” (plural κενοφωνίας,** also in 2 Tim. 2:16). This “empty talk” is βέβηλος (so also in 2 Tim. 2:16), “profane” or “worldly” in the sense of “godless.” Here Paul is apparently returning to his evaluation in 1:6, now using κενοφωνίας as a synonym for ματαιολογία. If that is the case, then the description of the false teachers’ ματαιολογία in 1:7 may indicate what Paul means by βέβηλος here.
What Timothy is to avoid is also called ἀντιθέσεις** (a biblical hapax), “opposing arguments or ideas,” a term that crystallizes what Paul says elsewhere concerning the false teaching and those who are involved in it (cf. 6:3–5; Tit. 1:9–14, especially v. 9; 2 Tim. 2:25; 3:8; cf. Schlarb, “Miszelle zu 1 Tim 6 20”). It is possible, as Bernard observes, that βεβήλους is to be taken with ἀντιθέσεις as well as κενοφωνίας, since the article appears only before κενοφωνίας. Paul acknowledges that these opposing arguments or ideas are called “knowledge” (γνῶσις), but asserts that in fact they are “falsely called” such (ψευδώνυμος,** a biblical hapax; cf. 1:7; 6:4).
PE Pastoral Epistles
* all occurrences of the word or phrase in Paul or in the Pastoral Epistles are cited
** all occurrences of the word or phrase in the New Testament are listed or it is identified as a New Testament hapax legomenon
LXX Septuagint
** all occurrences of the word or phrase in the New Testament are listed or it is identified as a New Testament hapax legomenon
** all occurrences of the word or phrase in the New Testament are listed or it is identified as a New Testament hapax legomenon
** all occurrences of the word or phrase in the New Testament are listed or it is identified as a New Testament hapax legomenon
 George W. Knight, The Pastoral Epistles: A Commentary on the Greek Text, New International Greek Testament Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI; Carlisle, England: W.B. Eerdmans; Paternoster Press, 1992), 276–277.
 
21절) 이것을 따르는 사람들은 앞서 20절에서 말한 망령되고 헛도니 말과 거짓된 지식의 반론을 따르는 이들을 말한다. 이렇게 거짓된 가르침을 따르는, 좇는 이들은 결국 믿음에서 벗어나게 된다.  ‘벗어났느니라’로 번역된 ‘에스토케산’은 ‘시위를 떠난 화살이 과녁을 맞추지 못한 상태’를 지칭하는 표현으로 ‘표적에서 빗나가다’라는 뜻을 지닌 원형 ‘아스토케오’의 부정과거형이다. 여기서는 참된 진리에서 벗어난 이들을 묘사하는데 사용된 것이다. 
우리들은 믿음을 따라서 삶을 살아가야 한다. 그런데 그 믿음의 길을 벗어나게 되면 믿음의 경주에서 탈락하거나 파선하게 된다. 바울은 극단적인 비교, 즉 믿음을 벗어난 이들과 믿음의 길을 따라 살아내는 이들의 모습을 대조하고 있다. 
그리고 이제 바울은 마지막으로 은혜를 구하고 있다. 
 
ἀστοχέω (στοχάζομαι ‘aim at’ someth., s. ἀστόχημα; fr. III b.c., Polyb. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; TestSol 18:28; Jos., Bell. 4, 116; s. Nägeli 31)
orig. ‘miss the mark’, then of the inner life to go astray by departing from moral or spiritual standards, miss, fail, deviate, depart w. gen. fr. someth. (Plut., Mor. 414f; SIG 543, 28 [214 b.c.]; POxy 219, 21; UPZ 6, 26 [163 b.c.] ἀστοχήσαντες τοῦ καλῶς ἔχοντος; Sir 7:19; 8:9) 1 Ti 1:6;
ἀ. περί τι (Plut., Mor. p. 46a; 705c) περὶ τὴν πίστιν miss the mark w. regard to the faith 6:21;
ἀ. περὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν 2 Ti 2:18.
κατά τινος wrong someone D 15:3.
Abs. (BGU 531 II, 19 [I a.d.]) οἱ ἀστοχήσαντες those who have gone astray (in word and deed) w. ἀρνησάμενοι 2 Cl 17:7.
—DELG s.v. στόχος. M-M.
someth. someth. = something
fr. fr. = from
Polyb Polyb , III–II b.c.—List 5
et al. et al. = et alii (and others)
ins Ins, ins = Inscription, Inschrift, inscription(s). Without a period, esp. in lists, as at the beginning of entries; the capitalized form is used in titles. In conjunction with literary works this abbr. refers to the title or description of contents.
pap pap = papyrus, -yri
LXX LXX = Septuaginta, ed. ARahlfs, unless otherwise specified—Lists 2, beg.
TestSol TestSol = Testament of Solomon, I–III a.d.—List 2
Jos. Jos. = Josephus. This abbr. used when follow by title; I a.d.—Lists 5
orig. orig. = original(ly)
w. w. = with
gen. gen. = genitive
fr. fr. = from
someth. someth. = something
Plut Plut , I–II a.d.—List 5
SIG SIG = Sylloge Inscriptionum Graecarum3; superscript omitted in text—List 3
POxy POxy = Oxyrhynchus Papyri—List 4
UPZ UPZ = Urkunden der Ptolemäerzeit—Lists 4, 6
Plut Plut , I–II a.d.—List 5
w. w. = with
D D = Didache, except that in a list of manuscripts or as textual variant D refers to Codex Bezae—List 1
BGU BGU = Aegyptische Urkunden aus den Museen zu Berlin: Griechische Urkunden—List 4
w. w. = with
2 Cl 2 Cl = 2 Clement—List 1
DELG DELG = PChantraine, Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque—List 6
s.v. s.v. = sub voce (under the word, look up the word)
M-M M-M = JMoulton/GMilligan, Vocabulary of Greek Testament—Lists 4, 6
 William Arndt et al., A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), 146.
 
6:21 Paul adds a relative clause to show what happens to those who profess the position described in the previous verse and why his command to avoid it is so crucial. The antecedent of ἥν is “falsely called knowledge.” “Some” (τινες) “have professed” (ἐπαγγελλόμενοι; see 2:10), i.e., “have laid claim to” (cf. NEB), this erroneous system. Doing so has caused them to “depart” or “go astray” (ἠστόχησαν,** see 1:6; 2 Tim. 2:18) “with regard to” (περί) “the faith.” “The faith” (τὴν πίστιν) is used in the same setting and with the same sense here as it is 1:19 (see the comments there), i.e., to designate both the gospel one believes, the Christian faith, and the belief that one has regarding its truth and in the one presented therein.
As in all of Paul’s letters and in Heb. 13:25; Rev. 22:21, the final blessing begins with “grace” (χάρις), i.e., God’s unmerited favor strengthening and enabling his people (see 1:2 on this word and on the verb to be understood). This χάρις is explicitly said to be “of (our) Lord Jesus (Christ)” in all Paul’s letters except the last ones, Ephesians, Colossians, and the PE, in which χάρις is unqualified and the blessing is written as here, with only slight variations. At this stage Paul apparently thought it would be evident whose grace he intended. What is more striking than this change is that at the conclusion of every letter Paul prays that grace will be with the readers. This pattern manifests a foundational truth for Paul: For the ongoing life of believers the grace of Jesus is absolutely essential.
Plural ὑμῶν indicates that Paul expected this letter to be read to the believers, and it further indicates that all along he has had them, not just Timothy, in view. (For the variant reading singular σοῦ in place of plural ὑμῶν and on the question of the presence or absence of ἀμήν see UBSGNT and the discussion in TCGNT.)
NEB New English Bible
** all occurrences of the word or phrase in the New Testament are listed or it is identified as a New Testament hapax legomenon
PE Pastoral Epistles
UBSGNT K. Aland, M. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, and A. Wikgren, The Greek New Testament (United Bible Societies). 3rd ed. corrected, Stuttgart, 1983.
TCGNT B. M. Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament. New York, 1971.
 George W. Knight, The Pastoral Epistles: A Commentary on the Greek Text, New International Greek Testament Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI; Carlisle, England: W.B. Eerdmans; Paternoster Press, 1992), 277.
 
 
 
 
 

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