요 10:1-6 선한 목자이신 예수님

I Am the Good Shepherd
10 “Truly, truly, I say to you, he who does not enter the sheepfold by the door but climbs in by another way, that man is a thief and a robber. ² But he who enters by the door is the shepherd of the sheep. 3 To him the gatekeeper opens. The sheep hear his voice, and he calls his own sheep by name and leads them out. 4 When he has brought out all his own, he goes before them, and the sheep follow him, for they know his voice. 5 ^yA stranger they will not follow, but they will flee from him, for they do not know the voice of strangers.” 6 This figure of speech Jesus ^zused with them, but they ^adid not understand what he was saying to them.

 The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), 요 10:1–6.

서부의 목양을 떠올리면, 개가 양을 몰고 다니는, 성경의 본문에서 나오는 양과 목자사이의 친밀함을 생각하기는 쉽지 않다. 본문은 동양적인 목양의 풍경이다. 

3절) 양의 이름을 아는 목자

-  The concept of naming was extremely important to the biblical writers because names were declarations of the nature of living creatures. When Adam named the creatures and even Eve, he identified each one’s nature (Gen 2:18–23). Moreover, shifts in names such as from Abram to Abraham and from Jacob to Israel were identifications of shifts in the nature or the circumstances of a person (cf. Gen 17:4–7; 32:26–30).

 Gerald L. Borchert, John 1–11, vol. 25A, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 331.

성경의 목자의 이미지는 오늘날 리더십의 중요한 심상이 된다. 이는 하나님의 백성과 그들의 지도자, 리더의 인격적인 관계를 이야기할 뿐만 아니라 예수님을 통해 보여주는 리더십의 전형이 된다. 하지만 이시대의 리더는 요 10장의 섬기는 리더가 아니라 군림하는 리더의 모습인 경우가 있기에 상충되는 경우가 있다. 양 앞에서 위협을 먼저 직면하고 그것을 해결하는 목자가 아니라 전장의 뒤에서 명령하고 군림하는 모습, 채찍을 휘두르며 양들을 우리에 가두는 모습이 어찌보면 지금 우리의 현실이 된다. 

-  The image of the shepherd is an extremely important biblical picture of a “leader” (Num 27:17) because it implies not only an intensely personal relationship between God’s people and their leaders but a style or model of leadership exemplified by Jesus (cf. Mark 6:34). The very word “leadership” is developed from the shepherd imagery, where the shepherd goes before the flock and encounters the problems of the flock first. The shepherd does not issue commands in a pyramid fashion down to subordinates who carry out his wishes like a general or admiral who stays back out of range of the conflict; nor is a shepherd a whip-carrying organizer who drives the sheep into the pen or to a particular pasture. But the shepherd knows the setting, leads the sheep, and they follow him (cf. John 10:4). Sometimes “leaders” today are like the strangers of this text, whose voices are unknown to the sheep, and they wonder why there are problems in their organizations (cf. 10:5)!

 Gerald L. Borchert, John 1–11, vol. 25A, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 332.

목자의 특징

1) 양의 문으로 들어간다. 문으로 들어가지 않는 자는 절도며 강도이다. 

2) 양들이 목자의 음성을 알고 그 음성을 듣는다. 

3) 양들의 이름을 알고 그들을 각각 불러 인도하여 낸다. 

4) 양들 앞서 간다. 양들은 그 목자를 따라 간다. 

이 목자가 양을 이끄는 모습은 구약의 이스라엘을 상기시킨다. 특별히 출애굽시에 모세가 이스라엘을 이끌고 나오는 모습. 

6절) 비유로 말씀하시는 주님. 

-  The Greek words παροιμία (“image” or “figure”) and παραβολή (“parable”) are used to express aspects of the Hebrew משׁל, which as indicated above has a wide range of meanings. In John the term παροιμία suggests a statement or proverb that carries a hidden meaning that needs to be elucidated. For a discussion of παροιμία see F. Hauck’s discussion in TDNT 5.854–56.
TDNT G. Kittel and G. Friedrich, eds., Theological Dictionary of the New Testament

 Gerald L. Borchert, John 1–11, vol. 25A, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996).